Transcript EUCA R European Council for Automotive R&D André RAULT General Secretary Mid and Long Term Powertrains Evolution Associated Fuels EUCAR 2002 Presentation to OICA Feb.

EUCA R
European Council for Automotive R&D
André RAULT
General Secretary
Mid and Long Term Powertrains Evolution
Associated Fuels
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
EUCAR Presentation
•
What is EUCAR ?
•
Present Research Activities and Trends in Powertrain
•
EUCAR Vision on Future Powertrain
•
EUCAR Scenario of Future Powertrain and associated Fuels
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
EUCAR Members
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
Precompetitive Working Themes
Mobility,
Transport
Safety
for
Road
Users
Environment,
Energy, Resources
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
European Approach to CO2 Reduction
CO2 g/km
190
CO2perate
CO2 R&D
140
120
1998
1995
2004
2003
Review
2008
Year
2012
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
Monitoring the CO2 Emission Reduction
200
ACEA
180
EU 15
Targets
160
2007
2005
2003
2001
1999
1997
1995
1993
1991
1989
1987
140
1985
CO2 Emissions, g/km, New Cycle
CO2 Monitoring: Achievements on 1995-2000
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
Today the Powertrain has to be viewed as a complete system
 Engine - Transmission - Powertrain Management - Materials - Fuels
Demands
and
Engine,
Transmission
Engine
Legislation
•Emissions
•CO2
specify
Additional
Needs
Control Systems
Overall Power Train
Management
Powertrain
Combustion
Process
Exhaust Gas Improvement
Aftertreatment
Customer Demands
•Driving Pleasure /
Agility
•Consumption
•Comfort
Transmission
Fuels
Modified
Fuels, Lubricants
Materials
-Light Weight
-Reduced Friction
-New Materials for
higher Demands
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
100
Spread
Fuel Consumption ( % )
Potential of Internal Combustion Engines
95
• costs
• Valve
operation
90
weak
starting
torque
Under condition of EURO IV
• NOx
• comb.
process
Main problem
for GDI, DDI
85
 Sulfur
80
• NOx
75
• PM Trap
70
65
60
PFI
GDI
l=1
VVT
PFI
Down
sized
+ TC
EUCARGasoline
2002engines
GDI
l>1
DI
HCCI
DI
increased (laboratory
status)
injection
pressure
Diesel engines
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
The Hybrid - between conventional car and electric car
Split-Hybrid
Conventional
Car
The power,
generated by the
combustion engine,
can be transformed
with the generator
into electric power
and/or
transmitted directly to
the drive axle.
It is a combination of
the parallel and the
serial Hybrid.
Through the Road-Hybrid
TTR-Hybrid
Been suitable
very well
as
Power-Hybrid,
4WD
PC
Electric
Car
The Hybrid will succeed if it can reach a Win-Win-Win-Situation
between
Legislation  Customer  Costs
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
EUCAR Vision of the Future
•
The coming views of future powertrain trends have
been consensually established by the EUCAR
Powertrain experts group constituted of all member
companies
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
Overall powertrain strategy
Fuel Cell
Propulsion
Hybrid
Propulsion
Mild Hybrid Propulsion
(ICE plus small electric drive)
conventional
combustion
engines
today
advanced combustion engines and drive train
(plus Starter/Generator, Light weight design,
FC - APU)
The recent strategy of expanding the vehicle range
will be applied to expand the powertrain options in the future
tomorrow
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
Emission reduction and legislation needs
Emission reduction and legislation focus
Energy resources and
reduction of CO2
will gain importance
Emission %
100
Diesel HDT
PM, NOx
80
60
Energy
Diesel PC
HC+NOx, CO
40
Greenhouse Effect,
CO2
20
Exhaust Emission HC, CO, NOx, PM
1970
1980
1990
2000 2005
2010
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
Different technologies for different markets?
Legislation for Heavy Duty Trucks
US market:
no urea desired, Denox +DPF +(EGR) preferred
(4 - 5% increase of fuel consumption)
EU market:
SCR technology (urea/NH3), combined sytem preferred
legislation
2003
2004
EPA
2005
EURO 4
EGR (20%) + DPF 0,9 +
DENOX 0,9
SCR h~ 0,80...0,85
SCR h ~ 0,65...0,70
EUROPE
year
EGR+DPF+
DENOX 0,65
EGR w/o DPF
US
2007
2008
2010
EPA
EURO 5
EPA
Comb. Heterogeneous
/HCCI + DENOX 0,9 +
(DPF) comb. system
2012
?
2014
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
Statements

With EURO IV legislation in 2005, the vehicles emissions
are reduced to a level with a negligible impact
on environment.
The effective emissions are almost zero.
Beyond EURO IV there will be no need for
further emission legislation.

After 2005 the R&D activities will bring the
fuel efficiency and CO2 emissions into focus.

The demand is: only one aftertreatment technology
for all markets.
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
Future main technology fields
Internal
combustion
engine
Fuels and lubes
Drive train &
transmission
Exhaust gas aftertreatment
Supercharging
Overall
powertrain
management
 Increase efficiency and reduce raw emissions
 Develop complex aftertreatment systems
 Develop modern clean fuels and lubes
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
Main ICE technologies to reduce energy consumption
Valve Lift [mm]
Advanced combustion process
Variable Valve Timing
10
Inlet
8
6
4
Outlet
frei
wählbar
2
0
PRE MAIN AFTER
PILOT
DI
POST
Multiple Injection
HCCI / CAI
and combinations
Supercharging and downsizing
Transmission
120
standard naturally aspirated engine
Torque
[%]
80
Clutch 2
Clutch 1
1.
3.
5.
4.
6.
2.
supercharged range
Capacity reduction
S1
S2
S3
S4
40
Aspirating map
downsized engine
0
idle-
rated-
Revolutions [1/min]
Toroidal-CVT
Automated manual transmission
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
Main technology trends - IC engines (PC)
Starter / Generator with driving support
High Pressure Supercharged, VNT/VCG
Gasoline
Near Controlled Auto Ignition
Essential increase bmep = 28...30 bar
+ advanced charging technologies
DI Spray Guided / Stratified Charge
Starter / Generator with start/stop
Non Precious Metal Aftertreatment Systems
Multivariable Model Based Control Systems
Reduced Friction by New Material and Design
GDI/DDI Continuous NOx-Reduction
Multiple Injection Systems
Single Cycle Control
Thermal Management
Homogeneous Combustion
Diesel
Downsizing bmep = 28...30 bar
High Pressure Charging
Reduction In-Cylinder Pressure
Hybrid Transmission (CVT + e-drive)
Combined heterogeneous/homogeneous Combustion
Fully Flexible Injection Systems
Starter / Generator
Combined Soot Trap and Catalytic NOx-Reduction (no fuel additive)
Market Introduction
2005
2010
2015
2020
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
Main technology trends - Diesel engines (HDT)
Homogeneous Combustion
Downsizing bmep= 28...30 bar
Two Stage Turbocharging
Variable Compression Ratio
Single cylinder control
Multivariable Model Based Control Systems
Reduced Friction by New Material and Design
Variable Injection Nozzle Geometry
Combined heterogeneous/homogeneous Combustion
High Pressure, Fully Flexible Injection Systems
Combined Soot Trap and Catalytic NOx-Reduction
Variable Compressor Geometry
Downsizing bmep = 25 bar
Variable Nozzle Turbine with reduced gaps
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Market Introduction
2005
2010
2015
2020
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
System integration - the key to success
Internal
Combustio
n
Engine
Homogeneous charge
compression ignition (HCCI)
Clutch
2
Clutch
1
1
.
3
.
5
.
4
.
Electric/Electronic
Management
System
6
.
2
.
Integration
S
1
S
2
S
3
Automated Manual
Transmission
S
4
Exhaust Gas
Aftertreatment
Transmissio
n
Integrated adaptive systems fulfil customer demands
and further legislations
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
Statement
Propulsion systems using ICE’s will demonstrate
their potential for meeting future needs:
- minimal emissions
- drastically reduced fuel consumption
- high efficiency
- good driving performance
by exploiting the R&D activities on
- adaptive control systems for integrated
powertrain management
- new combustion processes
- hybridization of internal combustion engines
(mild hybrid)
- advanced materials for higher performance
(light weight, high temperature/
pressure resistance, etc.)
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
Why fuel cell vehicles?
customer
Driving pleasure
without remorse
efficiency
Greenhouse
effect
(hydrogen)
Independence
from petroleum
environment /
society
emissions
vehicle
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
Comparison between fuel cell and combustion engine
Efficiency - well to wheel -
Internal Combustion Engine
Fuel Cell
today
until 2003
Efficiency [%] in NEDC
30
after 2010
25
20
15
10
5
ICE gasoline
ICE Diesel
ICE MeOH
FC CH2
FC LH2
FC MeOH
0
Source: DC, Dr. Fortnagel, 13 th International Conference Engine & Environment, AVL, Graz, September 2001
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
Fuel cell vehicles worldwide
10.000.000
Population/Forecast
1.000.000
100.000
10.000
1.000
Test-phase
Niche-phase
Production-phase
100
10
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
Source: FH Gelsenkirchen, Prof. Dudenhöfer; Audi, 10. Aachener Kolloquium
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
Statements

Fuel-cell vehicles have still a long
development-path to go (weight & costs
reduction, maturing the technologies),
production start not before 2015

Hydrogen is only meaningful in the
mobile applications, if all technological
and economical barriers have been
overcome ( past 2020)
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
Conclusion
Diesel engine
Gasoline engine
Hybrid




need for further reduction of NOx and PM emissions
meets high requests on emissions
need for further reduction of CO2 (consumption)

promotion of the combustion engines through combinations with
electric drives

Fuel cell
today best in consumption (high efficiency)


battery-and storage-technologies
best solution for the environment if hydrogen
is available
costs, infrastructure, fuel storage
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
Future scenario in Europe
Beyond the year 2010, the share of engines depends mainly on:
 legislation
 availability of mature new technologies
 infrastructure of alternative fuels (CNG, Methanol, Hydrogen)
 availability of modified / synthetic fuels and lubricants
 costs and customer acceptance
• For the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
the diversity of solutions and technologies will continue.
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction
Future scenario in Europe
Future Share of:
Engines (Passenger Cars)
Fuels
100
Market Share (%)
80
with CAI
+ supercharging
+ Starter/generator
DI-Gasoline
and VVA ?
and/or VCR ?
and combinations
w/o CAI
Conventional (MPI)
GASOLINE
60
40
Internal
Combustion Engine
Gasoline/Diesel Engine
starter / battery
with Starter/Generator
DIESEL
20
•Improved fuels
•Clean fuels
•Designed fuels
with HCCI
+ supercharging
DI-Diesel
+ Starter/generator
and VVA /
multiple injection?
w/o HCCI
Gas based fuels
•CNG
•GTL fuels
Hybrid
Fuel Cell
IDI
Model Year
Oil based
fuels
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
Bio-fuels
Hydrogen
Year 2020
EUCAR 2002
Presentation to OICA Feb. 20 2002
Chairman Introduction