Transcript Mobile Applications and Virtual Libraries: Process, Issues, and Outcomes LITA National Forum | October 2, 2010 | Katie Gohn and Karen Minton GALILEO,

Mobile Applications and Virtual Libraries:
Process, Issues, and Outcomes
LITA National Forum | October 2, 2010 | Katie Gohn and Karen Minton
GALILEO, Georgia’s Virtual Library
What We’ll Cover In The Next Hour
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What is GALILEO?
Why we are here?
Mobile Project Background and Process
Issues
Outcomes…where do we go from here?
Quilter: Clayton County Georgia
Mother GALILEO: DB’s, Catalog, Digital Initiatives
GALILEO: Georgia Library Learning Online
1.
GALILEO, Georgia’s Virtual Library
2. GIL: GALILEO Interconnected Libraries
3. DLG: Digital Library of Georgia
GALILEO Interfaces
GALILEO: How Does It Work?
•
Software:
– Self-managed/designed ERM
System
– Databases
– Authentication
– Institutions
– Vendor products
•
Hardware:
– GIL (hosted for USG institutions)
– GALILEO (Production, Ezproxy,
SFX, MetaLib)
– Digital Library of Georgia
GALILEO: People, Services, Data
– People
• Users: K12-Higher Ed, Public Library
Patrons
• Institutions: Librarians and Library Staff
• GALILEO Staff: Developers, Librarians,
Support, Administrators
• Stakeholders: Steering Committee, RACL,
General Assembly, Citizens of Georgia
• Vendors: Library Systems, Electronic
Resources, Hardware/Software
– Services
• E-Resources (databases,
journals/magazines, e-books, videos, maps,
images…)
• OpenURL Linking via SFX
• Federated Searching: MetaLib/WebFeat
• OPAC and Universal Borrowing (USG)
• Locally hosted digital archives (Digital
Library of Georgia)
• Knowledge Repository (Grant/Planning)
– Data
• Owned
• Not Owned
GALILEO Users: Institutions
GALILEO Users: Planet Earth
NASA
Why We Are Here?
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Phones have become smart
Changes in our user’s behavior
Need to share our experience
Need to hear from others about their
experiences
East Point Telephone Exchange c 1917
Smart Phones Are the New Black
“We are just at the beginning of a new wireless era where smartphones will become the
standard device consumers will use to connect to friends, the internet and the world at
large.”
-Roger Entner, Senior Vice President, Research and Insights, Telecom Practice
Smartphones to Overtake Feature Phones in U.S by 2011. Nielsen Blog
Mobile Project: Background & Process
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Who is involved?
Learning for ourselves
– Webinars
• Vendors
• Library and Higher Ed Organizations
– Seminars and Demonstrations
• Vendors
• Library and Higher Ed Organizations
• GA institutions
– Self reflection
• GALILEO environment
• Vendor environment (audit)
Listening to our users
– User/Librarian Surveys
– Further surveying and focus groups
What Have We Learned From Others?
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Analysis
Design
Development
Testing
Watching turtle lay eggs. Jekyll Island, GA c 1950
Analysis
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Surveys
– GALILEO Annual User Survey
– GOLD/GALILEO User Group Survey
– On-going surveying and focus groups planned
Pew Internet and American Life Research
Other research on users and expectations, etc
Analysis: GALILEO User Surveys
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GALILEO Annual Survey
– November 2009
– Over 900 respondents
– Asked about social and mobile applications/media in regards to
GALILEO
GOLD/GALILEO User Group Survey
– August 2010
– 125+ respondents
– Mostly librarians and library staff
– Asked same question about social and mobile applications/media in
regards to GALILEO
On-going Surveying and Focus Groups
Analysis: All Users Annual Survey
17.1% strongly
agree/agree use
mobile device for
research
(currently)
33.9% strongly
agree/agree
would like to
search GALILEO
databases from
mobile
From GALILEO Annual Survey 11/2009
Analysis: All Users GOLD/GALILEO Survey
31.6% strongly
agree/agree use
mobile device for
research
(currently)
59.4% strongly
agree/agree
would like to
search GALILEO
databases from
mobile
From GALILEO/GOLD User Group Survey 8/2010
Interest In Mobile Is Rising…
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In November 2009: 33.9% agreed that that they would “like to search
GALILEO databases from a mobile device.”
In August 2010: 59.4% agreed that that they would “like to search GALILEO
databases from a mobile device.”
75.22% increase in 9 months
Analysis: Student Responses
19% of students
strongly
agree/agree use
mobile device for
research
(currently)
39.9% of students
strongly
agree/agree
would like to
search GALILEO
databases from
mobile
Students Only From GALILEO Annual User Survey 11/2009
Students More Interested Than Librarians
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In November 2009: 30.1% of librarians/media specialists agreed that that
they would “like to search GALILEO databases from a mobile device.”
In November 2009: 39.9% of students agreed that that they would “like to
search GALILEO databases from a mobile device.”
1/3 more students were interested in searching
databases via mobile than librarians.
Librarians/Media Specialists: Annual Survey
14.1% strongly
agree/agree use
mobile device for
research
(currently)
30.1% strongly
agree/agree
would like to
search GALILEO
databases from
mobile
Librarians Only From GALILEO Annual User Survey 11/2009
Librarians/Media Specialists: GOLD/GALILEO Survey
59.4% agreed that
that they would “like
to search GALILEO
databases from a
mobile device.”
From GALILEO/GOLD User Group Survey 8/2010
Librarians interest in mobile explodes!
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In November 2009: 30.1% of librarians/media specialists agreed that that
they would “like to search GALILEO databases from a mobile device.”
In August 2010: 59.4% agreed that that they would “like to search GALILEO
databases from a mobile device.”
97.34% increase in 9 months
What Our Users Are Saying
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Maybe make an application for the
iPhone/iPod touch... Something simple,
even if the database isn't as vast as the
online version.
Import/export citations in various
bibliographic citation methods (MLA, APA,
etc). Save searches and folders.
Save citations, archival photos available in
mobile screen size, scan isbn or issn
numbers.
Quick searches on the go that I can send to
my e-mail for later retrieval and thorough
reading. The mobile is probably not best for
heavy research/reading but maybe adding
items to a folder or e-mailing.
Able to save full text pdfs or html to mobile
devices like your phone.
Just having the information available from
anywhere would be awesome.
Filming at Ft. Benning 1941
What Our Vendors Are Doing
•LexisNexis
•ProQuest
does
Academic
not
currently
releasedMobile
have
newainterface
mobile
interface
this
•EBSCO
EBSCOhost
in
Spring
2010.
•Gale
•ACSreleased
•WorldCat
offers
Mobile
iPhone
two
App
apps:
for
App
iPhone,
At
that
Mythey
Library
iPod,
have
and
(iPhone
worked
iPador
•Offers
the
concise
version
as
a
mobile
mobile
Summer.
applications.
•Released
mobile
interface
on
August
31,
2010.
• Library
administrators
must
set up
“Mobile”
and
•Cost
on
with
Android)
$2.99
Boopsie
andmobile
At(including
My
School
Edition
•Does
not
currently
offer
a Library
mobile
interface.
•New
•Planning
ProQuest
on
creating
interface
interface.
CSA)
Project
will be
not
released
interface.
•Streamlined/simplified
version
of
the
full
profiles
within
their
accounts
and direct
(iPhone)
•Multi-journal
•App
not
searching
provide
the same
toolsusers
astothe
early
started
Winter
so
no
(beta
timeline
now).
for release.
•Does
notdoes
allow
users
to download
movies
•Concise
version
does
not
offer
all
features
and
WilsonWeb
interface.
to•At
these
profiles
via and
URLs
that
point
tolater
mobile.
•Saving
full
My
web-browser
Library
to
folder
geolocates
version.
e-mailing
a
user
for
and
provides
•New
interface
is
to
include
support
for
mobile
mobile
devices
or computers.
•GALILEO
mobile
interface
is dependent on,
resources
associated
with
full
subscription.
•Must
be
enabled
in create
Wilson
Admin.
•Library
admins
can
subject
specific
devices—this
functionality
expected
in
2011.
authenticated
reading
•App
does
provide
access
local
to Gale
holdings
resources
via zip code
and into
only
asand
good
as, vendor
mobile as well
•Looking
how
toadvanced
offer
full searching,
subscription
•Provides
basic
mobile
profiles.
available
•Sharing
•App
tries
at
snippets
to
libraries
help
with
in
close
friends
user
proximity
searching
colleagues
to
bylink
theto.
interfaces
andinterfaces.
services we areand
able
to
version
viaoptions.
mobile
as
e-mail
•EBSCOhost
interface
does
not
auto
user.
•Interface
suggesting
terms
full-text
and
article
results
access
as a user
(viawill not
•Until
theto
market
is
more
robust,
we
•Offers
Iphone
App
for
$24.99
check/route
users
to mobile
site.
•Takes
wireless
searches
user
or
Virtual
non-mobile
PrivateGale
Networks)
interfaces,
for
users
be able
toto
fully
implement
a mobile
solution
•Users
are
able tothat
e-mail
articles
selves,
but
which
attoinstitutions
•Beta
problematic.
mobile
interface
totoACS
Journals.
allisWorldcat.org
our
servicessubscribe
and vendors.
must
do so
one article
a time—no
folder
•At
• ID/password-based
www.worldcat.org/m
My
Library
Schoolatrequires
for
individuals
a one-time
who
function.
login.
subscribe
•Single
Provides
search
to ACS
access
box,
journals
e-mail
to your
as
a link,
part
school’s
and
of their
find
GaleACS
in a
resources.
member
library
bybenefits
zip code.package.
What About The Voyager Catalog
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There are many examples of sites who have implemented mobile interfaces
for their Voyager OPAC.
The code for some of these interfaces is shared via Ex Libris code sharing
services.
Interface will have to be customized for all GIL hosted Voyager sites.
VuFind has also just released a mobile template.
GALILEO GIL sites are in the process of bringing up VuFind in production
for all sites.
We will need to look at each interface (Voyager Classic and VuFind) to
determine which interface would be the best to implement for mobile, or if
we need to do both.
Brunswick Airship Squadron post 1942
PEW—Mobile Access July 2010
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59% of all adult Americans go online wirelessly (51% increase from
April 2009
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Cell-phone users who access the Internet: 2009 25% vs 2010 38%
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African-Americans and 18-29 year olds lead the way in the use of
cell phone data applications, but older adults are gaining ground.
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90% 18-29 year olds own a cell phone
PEW—Rise of Apps Culture September 2010
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“For a significant portion of low income and nonwhite adults, cell
phones represent their only means of accessing the internet and
engaging in some online activities. Thus, many adults today expect
(and need) their phones to serve a wide range of functions.”
“Every metric we capture shows a widening embrace of all kinds of
apps by a widening population. It’s too early to say what this will
eventually amount to, but not too early to say that this is an
important new part of the technology world of many Americans.”
Analysis: Summary
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Mobile usage numbers are large
Everything will change tomorrow—prepare for it—go with it
Simplify—Users don't want to do tasks on their mobiles that involve heavy
interaction or in-depth information searching
Mobile users are likely to have more immediate and goal-directed intentions
than desktop Web users
People expect to be able to work, learn,
and study whenever and wherever they
want to
m-learning will grow, library services
need to be in that ecosystem
Woman using microscope at Georgia
State College for Women, c 1920
Design
Jakob Nielsen: Mobile user experience is miserable
• Average success rate 59% (regular PC 80%)
• Mobile-optimized sites have higher success rate 64% (full sites 53%)
• “Unless websites are redesigned for the special circumstances of mobile
use, the mobile Web will remain a mirage.”
http://www.useit.com/alertbox/mobile-usability.html
Automobile accident in Burke County
Waynesboro, Georgia, c 1912
Design: Considerations and Challenges
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–
–
–
–
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Mobile context
Small screen
Data entry methods
Different display resolutions from desktop
Limited processing capability
Connectivity
Pie-eating challenge
Emanuel County, Georgia, c 1961
Design: Guidelines Emerging
Holzinger, 2007
Development: Steep Learning Curve
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Learning Curve
– Application development
• Eclipse IDE
• AppleSDK and Objective-C
• Blackberry Java SDK
– Data conversion and update
• What data source does app pull
from?
• Does your data need converting?
– Mobile Optimized Interfaces
• xHTML Mobile Profile
• CSS
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Supporting Multiple Devices
– Changes in coding standards
– Updating Apps
– New features and functions
– New devices
•
Applications or Interfaces
North Broad Curve of Southern Railroad,
Toccoa, Stephens County, Georgia, c. 1908
Usability Testing: Attributes Applied to Mobile
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Learnability
Efficiency
Memorability
Errors
User satisfaction
Effectiveness
Simplicity
Comprehensibility
Learning performance
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Usefulness
System adaptability
Elizabeth Cotton, 1895-1987 Library of Congress
Usability Testing—Issues
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•
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Testing environment
Real-life context and field testing
Connectivity exasperations
Observation restraints—small screen
Comparing task completion with
desktop application
• Variety of devices
Holzinger 2007
Usability Testing—Data Collection
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Voice-mail diaries, web diaries, daily questionnaires (Dongsong 2005)
Log analysis, user satisfaction survey (Hahn 2010)
Staying in the environment: mobile-optimized surveys, Twitter, texting
Egg Collecting, Spooner Farm, Seminole Co., GA 1955
Issues: Resources (Money, Time, Staff)
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•
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No Money
No Time
Over-stretched development staff
Farm demonstration Statesboro,
Bulloch County, Georgia, 1977
Issues: Difficult (New) Support Model
• Authentication
• Authenticating into App or Interface
• Authenticating into third-party resources and services
• Marketing
• How do people know what you created?
• How do they find it?
• Multiple interfaces
• How do we support our different user
communities?
• Multiple devices
• Is it possible for us to support multiple
devices? Where is the line drawn?
• Constant Change/Constant Maintenance
Dorothy Spratt balances on her aquaplane
Lake Rabun, GA c 1925
Issues: User Expectation
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High user expectation
– Users want instant access and
gratification
– Apps are deleted within short
amount of time if not useful
– Apps and interfaces have to live
up to all other functions and
features of the phone and other
mobile apps and sites
– Different user communities
have different expectations.
• Teens don’t e-mail as much
as they text? Should they
be able to sent saved links
as text messages?
2 Ft. Dairy Queen Cone
Pew: Teens and Mobile Phones (2010)
Issues: User Behavior
“If you're designing a "serious" business app that you think offers real
benefits to your customers, you might feel above the fray of rude-bodilynoise apps. But you're not. Frequent readers of this column might recall
Jakob's Law of the Web User Experience: Users spend most of their time
on other sites (than your site). Your website is part of the Web ecosystem,
and your site's usability is dictated by the overall Web user experience,
which is dominated by the sum of all other sites people visit.”
“When you're posting business information on social media sites, for
example, that information has to live within your followers' personal space,
which is constructed by their family and real friends. Similarly, if you're an
iPhone app, your app is a small part of the total app user experience.”
Jakob Nielson Alert Box iPhone Apps Need Low Starting Hurdles
Outcomes: What We Are Doing & Planning.
Three Pilot Projects for FY 2011
• GALILEO Mobile Interfaces
– More user surveying and focus groups
– Building out pilot GALILEO mobile
interface based on user feedback
• GIL and VU Find Mobile Interface
– Pilot mobile interface for GIL sites on
either Voyager Classic or VU Find
templates created by other institutions.
• DLG iPhone Application
– Pilot DLG Application based on
existing digital collection of
photographs associated with historic
structures in Savannah, Georgia.
GA Tech vs. UGA Track Meet 1934
Final Thoughts
“It really sucks…you grow accustomed to having it so much, so like when
you don’t have it you’ve got to find other things to occupy your time. I’ll be
like, ‘I should read a book! No I shouldn’t, I should have my phone!’ And it
just really sucks. But actually, like if you really think about how much you
use your phone and how much more you could be doing with your time, if
you look at it like that, then you are really wasting a lot of time.”
-Pew Teens and Mobile Phones 2010
Boy reading magazine
Emanuel Co. c. 1930
Any Questions or Discussion?
First and second grade classroom at Mathews School, Barrow County, Georgia, 1953
Thanks and Contact Us
Katie Gohn
[email protected]
Karen Minton
[email protected]
http://www.galileo.usg.edu/contact
Little girl and a young man performing, Decatur County, Georgia, 1905
Bibliography & Acknowledgements
Aldrich, A. (2010). Universities and Libraries Move to the Mobile Web. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, 33(2). Retrieved from
http://www.educause.edu/EDUCAUSE+Quarterly/EDUCAUSEQuarterlyMagazineVolum/UniversitiesandLibrariesMoveto/206
531
Dalrymple, J. (2010, June 10). iPhone triples Android in mobile market share. CNET News. Retrieved from
http://news.cnet.com/8301-13579_3-20006889-37.html
Dongsong, Z. and Adipat, B. (2005). Challenges, methodologies, and issues in the usability testing of mobile applications.
International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 18(3), 293-308.
Dongsong, Z. (2007). Web content adaptation for mobile handheld devices. Communications of the ACM, 50(2), 75-79.
Entner, R. (2010, March 26). Smartphones to Overtake Feature Phones in U.S. by 2011 | Nielsen Wire. Retrieved from
http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/consumer/smartphones-to-overtake-feature-phones-in-u-s-by-2011/
Gafni, R. (2009). Usability issues in mobile-wireless information systems. Issues in Informing Science & Information Technology,
6, 754-769.
Hahn, Jim (2010). Information seeking with Wikipedia on the iPod Touch. Reference Services Review, 38(2), 284-298.
Hahn, Jim (2008). Mobile learning for the twenty-first century librarian. Reference Services Review, 36(3), 272-288.
Hahn, Jim (2009). On the remediation of Wikipedia to the iPod. Reference Services Review, 37(3), 272-285.
Holzinger, A., & Errath, M. (2007). Mobile computer Web-application design in medicine: some research based guidelines.
Universal Access in the Information Society, 6(1), 31-41. doi:10.1007/s10209-007-0074-z.
Horrigan, J. (2009, July 22). Wireless Internet Use | Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved from
http://www.pewinternet.com/Reports/2009/12-Wireless-Internet-Use.aspx
iPhone Apps Need Low Starting Hurdles (Jakob Nielsen's Alertbox) . Retrieved from: http://www.useit.com/alertbox/mobile-appsinitial-use.html
Bibliography & Acknowledgements
Johnson, L., Levine, A., Smith, R. and Stone, S. (2010), The 2010 Horizon Report, The New Media Consortium, Austin, TX,
available at: www.nmc.org/pdf/2010-Horizon-Report.pdf
Kellogg, D. (2010, June 4). iPhone vs. Android | Nielsen Wire. Retrieved from:
http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/online_mobile/iphone-vs-android/
Lenhart, A., Ling, R., Campbell, S., & Purcell, K. (2010, April 20). Teens and Mobile Phones | Pew Research Center's Internet &
American Life Project. Retrieved from: http://www.pewinternet.com/Reports/2010/Teens-and-Mobile-Phones.aspx
Lippincott, J. (2010). A mobile future for academic libraries. Reference Services Review, 38(2), 205 – 213.
Mobile Usability (Jakob Nielsen’s Alertbox). 2009, July 20). Retrieved from: http://www.useit.com/alertbox/mobile-usability.html
Murray, L. (2010). Libraries “like to move it, move it.” Reference Services Review, 38(2), 233 – 249.
Purcell, K., Entner, R., & Henderson, N. (2010, September 14). The Rise of Apps Culture | Pew Research Center's Internet &
American Life Project. Retrieved from http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/The-Rise-of-Apps-Culture.aspx
Seeholzer, J., & Salem, J. A. (2009). Library on the Go: A Focus Group Study of the Mobile Web and the Academic Library. ACRL
Preprints. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/acrl/publications/crljournal/preprints/Seeholzer-Salem.pdf
Smith, Shannon, Gail Salaway, and Judith Borreson Caruso, with an Introduction by Richard N. Katz. The ECAR Study of
Undergraduate Students and Information Technology, 2009 (Research Study, Vol. 6). Boulder, CO: EDUCAUSE Center for
Applied Research, 2009, available from http://www.educause.edu/Resources/TheECARStudyofUndergraduateStu/187215
Smith, A. (2010, July 7). Mobile Access 2010 | Pew Internet & American Life Project., from:
http://www.pewinternet.com/Reports/2010/Mobile-Access-2010/Summary-of-Findings.aspx
W3C. Mobile Web Best Practices 1.0. Retrieved from http://www.w3.org/TR/mobile-bp/
Wisniewski, J. (2010). Mobile Websites With Minimum Effort. Online, 34(1), 54-57.