Using Citation Analysis to Explore the Information Needs of Graduate Students Affiliated with a Fuel Cell Research Center

Michael White Queen’s University American Society for Engineering Education 2013 Annual Conference & Exposition June 26, 2012

Fuel Cell Overview

• • • • Invented in 19 th century • William Grove, 1839 Electrochemical cell • Chemical reaction  electical energy 1960s – US/USSR Space Programs • “Clean” energy source No pollutants

Image source: RTDInfo: Magazine on European Research, August 2004

                         

Fuel Cell Programs, Labs, and Research Centers

ASU Caltech Colorado School of Mines Cornell Georgia Tech Humboldt State U Kettering U Penn State Queen’s U-RMC Stark State College Texas A&M U at Albany UC Berkeley UC Davis UC Irvine U of Connecticut U of Delaware U of Hawaii U of Illionis UC U of N. Dakota U de Québec à Trois-Rivières U of S. Carolina U of Waterloo Virginia Commonwealth U West Virginia U Worcester Poly University National Lab

Queen’s-RMC Fuel Cell Research Centre

• • • Established in 2007 Moved to Queen’s Innovation Park in 2008 Eight faculty • 4 x Chemical Eng./Chemistry • • • 2 x Mechanical & Materials Eng.

1 x Civil Eng.

1 x Mining Eng.

• • • 5 research staff & PDFs 20 graduate students 80 publications; few patent apps.

Distance = 2 km/1.25 miles Queen’s RMC Fuel Cell Research Centre Engineering & Science Library

FCRC Mission Statement

“University-based research and development organization in partnership with industry dedicated to advancing the knowledge base for addressing the key technology challenges to the commercialisation of fuel cell applications .”

Image source: National Research Council, Fuel Cell Lab, Vancouver, BC

Fuel Cell Patents, 2002-2012

6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 JP Patents US Patents PCT Applications

Questions

• • • • • • What types of materials do FCRC graduate students cite?

What are the top cited journals by the number of citations and citing authors?

What are the core journals in the fuel cell literature? What is the mean number of references per thesis? What is the age profile of journal and book citations? Are patents a major source of information cited by students?

Mining Civil Eng Chem Eng Mech & Mat Mining Civil Eng ?

Chem Eng Mech & Mat

Data Summary

# of theses # of references Mean Median Range Oldest reference Total

19* 1,317 69 59 34-165 1867

PhD

2 252 126 126 87-165 1867

Master’s

17 1,065 63 59 34-140 1912 *E-theses only. Theses published in print/microfiche prior to mid-2007 were not included in this study.

T/D by Year and Dept.

1 0 3 2 6 5 4 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Chemical Civil Mech & Materials Mining Multiple N = 19

Cited References by Type

2% 3% 1% 2% 1% 1% 6% 4% 1% 10% 69% Journal Book/chapter Website Conference Tech report Unknown Thesis Tech manual Comm.

Patent Misc.

Cited References by Dept.

120,0% 100,0% 80,0% 60,0% 40,0% 20,0% 0,0% CHEE CIVIL MECH MINE Other Patent Comm Tech manual Thesis Unknown Tech report Conference Website Book Journal

Journal Dispersion & 80/20 Rule Journal dispersion

249

Number of journals cited once

150 60.2

80/20 rule

72.3

50

Top Journals: Cited vs. WoS Search

6-7 6-7 8 9 10

Rank Cited Journal

1 2 Journal of Power Sources Journal of the Electrochemical Society 3 4 5 Solid State Ionics Electrochimica Acta Chemical Engineering Science Applied Catalysis A International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Langmuir Journal of Applied Electrochemistry Chemical Engineering Journal

%

16.2

8.1

5.5

4 2.8

2.3

2.3

2 1.5

1.4

7 8 9 10

Rank Journal (WoS Search)

1 2 Journal of Power Sources International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 5 6 3 4 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Electrochimica Acta Solid State Ionics Journal of Membrane Science Electrochemistry Communications Journal of Physical Chemistry C Fuel Cells Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology

%

12.5

6.6

5.4

3.1

2.3

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.3

1.2

Top Publishers

Publisher

Elsevier Electrochemical Society American Chemical Society Wiley AIP Springer Nature

Titles

12 3 5 2 2 1 1

% Refs.

39.4

10.3

5.7

2.4

1.7

1.5

0.8

Top Journals Ranked by Number of Citing Authors

4 5

Rank

1 2-3 2-3 6-7 6-7 8-10 8-10 8-10

Journal

Journal of Power Sources Chemical Engineering Science International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Journal of the Electrochemical Society Electrochimica Acta ECS Transactions Solid State Ionics Applied Catalysis A Electrochemical and Solid State Letters Journal of Applied Electrochemistry

# Authors

17 12 12 11 10 7 7 6 6 6

% Authors

89.4

63.2

63.2

57.9

36.8

36.8

36.8

31.6

31.6

31.6

Age of Citations: Journal vs. Book

50,0% 45,0% 40,0% 35,0% 30,0% 25,0% 20,0% 15,0% 10,0% 5,0% 0,0% 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 Years 20-24 25-29 30+ Journal Book

Conclusions & Questions

• • • • Distinct fuel cell literature Elsevier is the dominant publisher • • ACS, ECS and Wiley also important Differences between sub-disciplines • • Mining students cite more conferences, tech reports and patents Civil students cite fewer journals How are students searching the literature?

Why aren’t students using the patent literature?