Transcript Motivation Motivation • The expenditure of effort to accomplish goals. • Motivation involves:  The direction of a person’s behavior  A person’s level.

Motivation
Motivation
• The expenditure of effort to accomplish goals.
• Motivation involves:
 The direction of a person’s behavior
 A person’s level of effort
 A person’s level of persistence.
MOTIVATION:
Direction
Persistence
Effort
Motivation
P=MxA
Theories of Motivation
• Need theory
• Goal setting theory
• Expectancy theory
• Equity Theory
Need Theories
• Need
A deficit within an individual.
A requirement for survival and well-being.
• Need Theory
Basis premise  people are motivated to obtain
outcomes at work to satisfy their needs.
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
Higher Order
(Growth
Needs)
SelfActualization
Esteem
Lower Order
(Deficiency
Needs)
Affiliation
Security
Physiological
The Two-Factor Theory of Work Motivation
Satisfiers or Motivators
Dissatisfiers
Achievement
Recognition
Work itself
Responsibility
Advancement
Growth
Company policy
Supervision
Relationships with
supervisor,
peers, and subordinates
Work conditions
Salary
Job Security
Presence - Positive effect
Presence - No positive
on motivation
Absence - No negative
effect on motivation
effect on motivation
Absence - Negative effect
on motivation
The Basics of Goal Theory
Goals That Are:
Specific
Difficult but realistic
Accepted by the person
Values
Used to evaluate
performance
Linked to feedback and
rewards
Set by individuals or
groups
Improved
Performance
Expectancy Theory
• People will be motivated if they expect….
Effort Performance (Expectancy)
Performance  Reward (Instrumentality)
AND……….
If they value the reward or outcome & they think it’s
worth working for (Valence)
Adam’s Equity Theory
• Perceptions of fairness
• Ratios - work inputs (I) & work outcomes (O).
Equity Theory
• Inequity
Your I/O not equal to referent’s I/O.
• Restoring Equity
Inequity creates tension in workers causing them to
attempt to restore equity.