The Implementation of Water Accounts in in selected countries Training Course on Water Accounting Amman, Jordan 10-13 March 2008 Michael Vardon United Nations Statistics Division.
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The Implementation of Water Accounts in in selected countries Training Course on Water Accounting Amman, Jordan 10-13 March 2008 Michael Vardon United Nations Statistics Division 1 Over the past 2-3 years several countries have begun to implement SEEA Water Botswana China Dominican Republic India Jordan Guatemala Namibia New Zealand Morocco Mexico South Africa Tanzania Turkey Selected case studies • Dominican Republic • South Africa • Jordan Dominican Republic Dominican Republic – Activities • Hosted a regional workshop on water accounting • Have a developed project plan and established a steering committee. • Have agreed on the tables to be produced and a modified structure of tables (but still consistent with the standard tables) • Have agreed on a timeline Dominican Republic – Regional Workshop • Held 16-18 July in Santo Domingo • 77 participants • 13 countries and 3 international organizations represented • Agenda, presentations and conclusion on UNSD website. See http://unstats.un.org/unsd/envaccounting/default.asp Workshop conclusions – 1 The workshop recognizes: • The importance of supplying integrated environment, economic information to support policy development and decision-making as well as for encouraging and strengthening public confidence in policy development and decision-making; • That the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water (SEEA Water) is a powerful framework for organizing and providing integrated information on water that is extremely useful for policy developers, decision-makers and the public; • That the implementation of SEEA Water depends on the availability and quality of basic environmental and economic statistics from a range of sources and requires a high level support within government; • The need and importance of different parts of government, academia, industry, the NGOs and civil society working together to produce, understand and use the accounts from SEEA Water; • That the production of the accounts of SEEA Water requires a multi-disciplinary approach, strong collaboration between experts and shared responsibilities. Workshop conclusions – 2 The workshop encourages countries to begin to implement SEEA Water, keeping in mind the different priorities, strengths and weaknesses of countries, by: • • • • • • • Developing an implementation plan for SEEA Water, which includes the development of concrete projects with clear identification of the actors to be involved, the objectives, goals, the necessary resources, the possible sources of funding and a timetable of activities and the time frame to achieve the objectives and goal identified in the plan; Devote and manage resources for the on-going production of the accounts of SEEA Water; Making decision-makers and policy developers aware of SEEA Water and its usefulness; Establishing appropriate institutional arrangements for the development of the accounts of SEEA Water, respecting the roles and responsibilities of the different institutions involved and the legal frameworks of each country; Beginning pilot compilations of accounts using available data, starting with the tables of greatest policy relevance; Recording and sharing experiences of implementation of the SEEA Water, so that other countries can see and benefit from the experience of others (e.g. south-south cooperation); Participating in international and regional initiatives aimed at supporting environmental accounting (e.g. internet discussion groups, workshops) taking into account regional and sub-regional issues.. Workshop conclusions – 3 The workshop encourages international organizations and the donor community to help build the capacity of countries to implement SEEA Water by: • Strengthening basic environmental, economic and social information and statistics of countries; • Seeking ways to have timely translation of documents into Spanish; • Developing a practical manual for compiling the accounts of SEEA Water; • Holding additional workshops to assist countries developing water accounts; • Promoting the SEEA Water at the highest levels, including the Forum of Ministers of the Environment of Latin America and the Caribbean and other relevant regional and sub-regional fora; • Seeking and providing resources for countries to implement SEEA Water; • Coordinating the implementation of the SEEA Water with the activities of capacity-building in the region. Dominican Republic – Work Plan for SEEAW implementation Jul. 2007 • Regional Workshop • Draft report on data availability is circulated for review and comment Aug. 2007 • Final report on data availability • Final table structure, reference years and areas • First meeting of project working group Dec. 2007 • First draft of accounts circulated for review and comment July 2008 • Pilot water accounts published Dec. 2008 • Plan for on-going production of accounts finalized Dominican Republic – Institutions involved in water account pilot project • Central Bank • Secretariat of State for Atmosphere and Natural Resources (Environment Department) • National Office of Statistics • National Institute of Potable Water and Sewage System • National Institute of Hydraulic Resources, • National Office of Meteorology • All corporations operating of aqueducts and sewage systems of the country • State Electrical Companies Dominican Republic – report on data availability • “Diagnosis of the availability and quality of the existing information on water resources in Dominican Republic” • 57 pages plus annexes Tabla de Contenido 1 Introducción ________________________________________________________________ 2 2 Antecedentes________________________________________________________________ 3 3 Metodología ________________________________________________________________ 4 3.1 Fase preparatoria _____________________________________________________________ 4 3.2 Revisión de documentos y entrevistas_________________________________________________ 4 Elaboración de informe de avance ________________________________________________ 5 3.3 Redacción del informe final _____________________________________________________ 5 4 3.2 5 Marco Legal del Acceso a la Información Ambiental _______________________________ 6 Información Existente sobre Disponibilidad de Agua _______________________________ 7 Aguas Superficiales ____________________________________________________________ 7 5.2 Aguas Subterráneas___________________________________________________________ 11 5.3 Embalses ____________________________________________________________________ 14 6 5.1 Volumen de Agua Consumida por Tipo de Uso ___________________________________ 16 Agua Potable ________________________________________________________________ 17 6.2 Corporación del Acueducto y Alcantarillado de Santiago____________________________ 22 6.3 Corporación del Acueducto y Alcantarillado de Puerto Plata (CORAAPLATA) ________ 22 6.4 Corporación del Acueducto y alcantarillado de Moca (CORAAMOCA) _______________ 23 6.5 Riego _______________________________________________________________________ 23 6.6 Otros Usos __________________________________________________________________ 25 7 6.1 Disponibilidad de informaciones sobre manejo de cuencas _________________________ 26 Superficie de las cuencas _______________________________________________________ 26 7.2 Superficie bajo cubierta forestal ________________________________________________ 27 7.3 Superficie bajo planes de manejo. _______________________________________________ 28 8 7.1 Inversión y Financiamiento sobre Agua_________________________________________ 34 Financiamiento para Instalación y Operación de Acueductos ________________________ 34 8.2 Mantenimiento de Presas y Canales de Riego______________________________________ 34 9 8.1 Situación de la Información sobre Calidad del Agua 1995-2005 _____________________ 36 9.1 9.2 Consideraciones generales _____________________________________________________ 36 Situación Actual de los sistemas de información sobre calidad de agua en las instituciones 45 10 Conclusiones y Recomendaciones____________________________________________ 52 11 Bibliografía consultada __________________________________________________ 56 12 Anexos _________________________________________________________________ 57 Dominican Republic – contents of report on data availability 1.Introduction 2. Past work 3. Methods 4. Legal issues for access to information 5. Existing information on water availability 6. Volume of water consumed by industry 7. Data for River Basins 8. Existing financial information 9. Existing water quality information 10. Conclusions and recommendations Dominican Republic – conclusions from report on data availability • Abundant information exists on the water resources in the different institutions • Data is organized in different ways according to different definitions, is often inaccessible (e.g. in a paper file), sometimes obsolete (old) or has short and incomplete time series • Legal framework for data collection and availability is not ideal Dominican Republic – Tables to be produced • Physical supply-use • Hybrid supply-use • Asset account • Tourism industries separately identified • For the 3 eastern provinces only Dominican Republic – Physical flows table Physical use table Total of which : urbano 37Tratamiento Total Total 38,39, 4599 Turismo 55Hotel/accomo dation of which : rural Total Total of which : hidroelec. 36 Distribucion de agua Total 2-3 of which : Silvicultura Ganaderia y Pesca 35- Electricidad Rest of the world 5-9- Mineria Rest of the world Total of which : Operation of irrigation 2,3 Households 1-Agricultura Households Industries (by ISIC categories) 10-33 Manufacturing 56- Food U1 - Extraccion total (=a.1+a.2= b.1+b.2): a.1- Extraccion propia (directa) a.2- Extraccion para distribuccion b.1- desde fuente de aguas: Desde el Medio Ambiente Agua superficiales Agua subterranea Agua del suelo b.2- desde otras fuentes Precipitacion Mar U2 - Uso de agua recibida desde ottras unidades economicas Dentro la economia .. of which : Potable No potable Agua reusada Agua residuales al cantarelliato U=U1+U2 - Uso del agua totale Physical supply table Industries (by ISIC categories) 1-Agricultura Total S1 - Distribucion de agua a otras actividades economicas Dentro la economia of which : Potable No potable Agua reusada Agua residuales al cantarelliato S2 - Returnos totales(= d.1+d.2) d.1- a los recoursos hydricos Al medio ambiente Agua Superficiale Agua subterranea Agua del suelo d.2- a otras recurso (Mar) S - Distribucione totale de agua (= S1+S2) Consumption (U - S) of which : Operation of irrigation 5-9- Mineria 2-3 of which : Silvicultura Ganaderia y Pesca 10-33 Manufacturing 35- Electricidad Totale of which : hidroelect. 36 Distribucion de agua Total of which : urbano of which : rural 37Tratamiento 38,39, 4599 Turismo 55Hotel/accomo dation 56- Food Dominican Republic – Hybrid use table Hybrid use table Intermediate consumption of industries (by ISIC categories) Total intermediate consumption and use (monetary units) of which : Natural water (CPC 1800) Sewerage services (CPC 941) Total value added (monetary units) Total use of water (physical units) U1 - Total Abstraction of which: a.1- Abstraction for own use U2 - Use of water received from other economic units Total of which : Hydro 36 37 38,39, 45-99 Final consumpti on expenditu res Total industry Social transfers in kind from Governme nt and NPISHs Total Exports 2-33, 4143 Households Capital formation 1 Actual final consumption Government 35 Total uses at purchaser’s price Physical and monetary units Dominican Republic – flows to be measured ? ? Tratamiento de aguas residuales ISIC 37 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Distribución de agua ISIC 36 ? ? ? ? Agricultura ISIC 1 ? ? Silvicultura y Pesca ISIC 2-3 ? ? ? ? ? ? Mineria ISIC 5-9 Industrias ISIC 10-33 Electricidad ISIC 35 ? ? ? ? Hoteles/ Otras Turismo ISIC 55 + ? ? ? ? ? Medio ambiente ? Todas las demas industrias Residencias ? ? ? ? ? ? South Africa South Africa – Water Economy In an advanced stage of development: • High demand and competition for water • Diminishing low-cost sources of additional supply • Water quality problems Resource and supply characteristics • Low and erratic rainfall • Limited groundwater resources • Exhaustive development of available water storage and transfer options South Africa – Water Policy Transforming legal access and rights to water • Ensuring provision of water for basic human needs and protection of aquatic ecosystems (Reserve) • Decentralizing water management through more enabling institutions Adopting integrated water resources management (IWRM) • Pricing for financial and environmental sustainability, economic efficiency and social equity • Refocus on water conservation and demand management • The National Water Resource Strategy South Africa – Applying SEEAW • DWAF is the custodian hydrological data • Statistics SA captures official economic data • Disconnection between the DWAF hydrological data and the Statistics SA economic data • The SEEAW was applied to link the two data sources • DWAF data, Statistics SA data and the SEEAW structure and method were adapted in to accommodate unique South African requirements for: • Water flow accounts • Water asset accounts • 19 Water Management Areas (WMAs) South Africa – 19 Water Management Areas (WMA) South Africa - Activity • Pilot water accounts published in December 2005 • Hosted London Group Meeting in Pretoria, 26-30 March 2007 • Meeting had two sessions on the SEEAW • http://unstats.un.org/unsd/envaccounting/londongroup/meeting11.asp • Establishing institutional structure for the ongoing production of water accounts • Review of water accounts by UNSD • Planning for possible regional workshop on water accounting in southern Africa later this year South Africa – Pilot Accounts • Published December 2006, prior to SEEAW finalization in March 2007 • Available on web http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/statsdownload.asp?PP N=D0405&SCH=3804 South Africa – Contents of pilot accounts • 9 Chapter and 3 Appendices • National physical supply-use tables • Simplified physical supply-use tables for 19 regions • Physical input-output table • Physical stock (or asset) table • Hybrid supply and use table • Other economic indicators (Industry value added, employment, water tariffs and subsidies) South Africa – data issues DWAF is the custodian of “water yield” (institutional supply of raw water) • DWAF excludes certain beneficial water uses from its data e.g. dry land use • DWAF classifies water use according to broad categories of institutional and policy importance, and not ISIC • DWAF planning scale is the Water Management Area (19 in SA) and not National Scale • Comprehensive official data currently only available for 2000 and 1995 Statistics SA • Supply and use tables, and limited other water-relevant data • No WMA-scale economic data South Africa – physical supplyuse tables Production 784 784 1 144 1 144 261 261 326 234 238 784 1 144 261 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 676 0 0 62 63 129 415 554 0 62 63 129 415 554 0 0 0 0 0 Of which: Desalinated Reused Waste water to sewage DWAF (available total yield) 676 0 0 B1 0 676 A2 To distribution (bulk yield available) U1 0 A1 B2 428 Irrigation boards Water boards Municipalities ROW and other WMAs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 From economic activities Agriculture – irrigation Agriculture – dryland crops (excl forestry) Agriculture – livestock and game Agriculture – plantation forestry Mining Hydroelectric power Other bulk: industrial Other commercial and industrial Domestic – urban C1 Domestic – rural 215 C4 C3 C2 Hydroelectric power Mine water Total water use (U1 + U2) 291 Urban runoff Losses in distribution (leakages, etc.) ply of water (S1 + S2) 787 764 61 52 920 313 10 828 U2 To direct use by Total abstraction Abstraction for own use Hydroelectric power Mine water Urban runoff Other Abstraction for distribution from water resources Atmosphere and sea (evaporation – losses) MAR (including storage) Groundwater Surface water (including reserve) Soil water Ecological reserve Transfers in (ROW) From other sources Direct rain harvesting Abstraction from sea Use of water supplied by other industries Supplied by distribution sectors DWAF Irrigation boards Water boards Municipalities Supplied by other sectors Evapotranspiration Losses – evaporation Return flows Effluent Balance (surplus/deficit over current use) 45 000 0 10 828 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 000 0 10 828 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 19 33 248 356 45 388 297 367 1 199 1 698 261 Electricity Mining Forestry Livestock and game Dryland and irrigation Domestic – rural 10 400 Domestic – rural 238 238 Use table Domestic – urban 234 234 Other commercial, industrial, institutional, municipal 326 326 Other bulk: industrial 10 828 10 828 Domestic – urban Other commercial, industrial, institutional, municipal 313 Other bulk: industrial 7 244 45 000 Electricity 313 313 Mining 52 244 52 244 Forestry Livestock and game Total water returned To water sources Atmosphere and sea (evaporation – losses) Evapotranspiration MAR (including storage) Groundwater Surface water (including reserve) Soil water Ecological reserve To other sources Balance (to atmosphere or lower reserve) Supply of water to other economic units Production Agriculture From the environment D2 D1 Supply table Dryland and irrigation Agriculture 428 10 400 45 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 920 7 920 313 313 313 0 0 388 388 297 297 367 367 1 199 1 199 1 698 1 698 261 261 388 297 367 7 920 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 199 0 1 698 0 261 0 52 920 313 10 828 388 297 367 1 199 1 698 261 ATMOSPHERE RAINFALL 611 600 Diagram of flows in South Africa 506 072 105 528 GROSS ANNUAL RUNOFF EVAPORATION & DEEP SEEPAGE GROUNDWATER 1 088 Atmosphere & Sea 55 400 29 683 TRANSPIRATION DRYLAND AGRICULTURE 49 040 NATURAL MEAN ANNUAL RUNOFF 9 545 1 088 45 000 10 400 AGRICULTURE DRY LAND CROPS 19 785 AGRICULTURE PLANTATIONS SURFACE WATER YIELD 428 10 828 52 920 ECOLOGICAL RESERVE 9 545 764 7 920 9 812 186 676 ROW 170 DWAF 7 920 313 12 799 LIVESTOCK & GAME 1 223 IRRIGATION BOARDS 4 094 685 116 WATER BOARDS 61 MUNICIPALITIES 3 042 1 223 4 381 3 158 388 297 MINING HYDROELECTRIC POWER 35 367 334 MANUFACTURING 701 19 62 63 126 245 865 1 959 TRADE & SERVICES DOMESTIC Rural & Urban 155 299 401 554 South Africa – Adaptation of pilot accounts to the SEEAW (by UNSD) South Africa – Recommendations in report To DWAF • Align water accounting periods and timeframes with Statistics SA • Align DWAF water sector definitions with the ISIC • Explicitly include hydrological data on economically beneficial yieldimpacting water uses such as dry land use. To Statistics SA • Disaggregate economic data per water management area. This information should assist DWAF in addressing allocation questions. • Expand water supply economic data to correspond to institutional supply • The water quality account (2005) to be further developed, with emphasis placed on the impact of emissions on water yield. The monetary equivalent of this account should show the cost implications of loss and restoration of water yield due to emissions. • Consider options to gather economic data on ecological services. • Within the above, many data gaps exist which require attention. To the London Group • Use this as an example of how the SEEAW can be adopted to a water scarce country with unique policy requirements South Africa – Where to now? • Meeting with government agencies to establish a strategy and mechanisms for the development and institutionalization of water accounts in South Africa. This will involve: • Statistics South Africa • Department of Water Affairs and Forestry • Water Research Commission • Recruiting of staff Jordan Jordan – Water issues • Scarcity of renewable water resources • Depletion of ground water • High losses during distribution and weakness in delivery • Limited capacity of waste water treatment plants • High population number and forced immigration • Per capita water supply is around 145 m3/day in 2005 and expected to be 90 m3/year in 2025 Jordan – Water Resource • 70% of the country receives less than 100 mm • 90% of the country receives less than 200 mm • North western highland (2% of country) receives around 300 mm Water resources • Surface water: Jordan rift Valley, Springs and Floods • Ground Water: Renewable and Non-Renewable • Treated Waste Water Jordan – current status of water data, 1 Data available on : • Surface, ground water and treated waste water • Water supplied for municipal and industrial uses • Detail information on water use by river basins • Waste water treatment plants on design and operation capacity • Some aspects of water quality (e.g. the chemical and physical analysis on drinking water) Jordan – current status of water data, 2 Data available on: • water supply by source • Water used for production and waste water generated by certain sectors depending on specialized surveys • Cost of water consumed as a commodity in some sectors • Cost of infra structure projects for water industry Jordan • The Department of Statistics began work on water accounting in February 2007 • By June 2007 had data for a simplified physical supply and use table and presented these at Expert Group Meeting on Natural Resource Statistics, held Cairo, Egypt. • Tables were revised based on comments from UNSD • The Department of Statistics has now engaged with the Ministry of Water Resources and Ministry of Environment to develop a plan for the taking the development of water accounts further Jordan – Physical Water Supply and Use Sewerage ISIC 37 ? 83 Water Supply ISIC 36 ? 296 22 166 857 ? Agriculture ISIC 1 6 ? ? All other industries ISIC 2-99 ? ? ENVIRONMENT Households ? ? 368 Jordan – Developing an implementation plan for SEEA Identification of • resources available • responsibilities of the different government agencies • data sources and procedures for accessing data • a review process prior to publishing & dissemination A structure for coordinating the organizational units within the Department of Statistics (especially if the development of environmental accounts are a joint project of the National Accounts Branch, Environment Statistics Unit, survey areas) A mechanism for involving key stakeholders (e.g. government agencies, research community, industry representatives, nongovernment organizations) A timetable and milestones Jordan – difficulties • Lack of detailed data related to natural resources. For example little or no data for: • stock at the beginning and end of an accounting period for the water asset account describe • degradation and pollution of water resources which is expensive • valuation of water in agriculture • Fear of under or over estimating of water resources • Need training on calculation methodologies Lessons from countries beginning to implement SEEAW – 1 • Some data usually exists in a range of government departments • Involving a range of government departments in the development of the water accounts is vital for identifying data and ensuring data quality as well as the use and acceptance of the accounts by government • The SEEAW standard tables can be easily expanded to show data of particular interest to countries Lessons from countries beginning to implement SEEAW – 2 • The development of an implementation and mechanism for coordinating the inputs of the various government departments and other stakeholders is important • Pilot reports, for particular regions, or with a simplified breakdown of industries, can be prepared relatively quickly (6-12 months), depending on the data availability and data quality and the resources available for compilation. • Pilot reports are useful for engaging government decision-makers and policy developers Main technical issues – 1 General • Applying SEEAW at regional or river basin level For the physical supply-use accounts • Treatment of losses • Measurement of return flows (i.e. from the economy to the environment) • Measure of flows from industries and households to the Sewerage Industry (ISIC 37) • Recording of water used for hydro-electric power generation • Measurement or estimation of use of soil water Main technical issues – 2 For the emission accounts • Measure of emissions from industries and households to the Sewerage Industry (ISIC 37) • Gross vs. net emission and the reallocation of emission by the Sewerage Industry (ISIC) to other industries and households For the asset account • Measurement of the opening and closing stocks of water resources Contact details Michael Vardon Adviser on Environmental-Economic Accounting United Nations Statistics Division New York 10017 USA Room DC2 1532 Phone: +1 917 367 5391 Fax: +1 917 363 1374 Email: [email protected]