The business of e-resources and print serials publishing. Perspective from a society publisher

Yann Amouroux Regional Manager, Journals IOP Publishing UKSG Seminar Dublin, June 2010

Agenda

    

Why are publishers around?

Some background on IOP Some background on Publishing globally The evolving world of Science, Technology and Medical (STM) publishing The economics of Publishing

Why do journal publishers exist?

  First peer-reviewed journal founded in 1665 by Royal Society Journal publishing has evolved dramatically since, but its core functions remain: 

Registration

of new research findings 

Quality assurance

through peer review 

Dissemination

globally 

Archiving

in perpetuity

   The Institute of Physics   

Scientific charity founded in 1874

 Promote and support physics in furthering scientific knowledge  Provide economic and social benefits in the UK and Ireland, and internationally – especially in the developing world.

Increase the practice, understanding and application of physics Worldwide membership of 36,000+ Fund scientific communities (IOP divisions and groups) Leading communicator of physics-related science to all audiences, from specialists through to government and the general public.

Offers free or concessionary digital membership to physicists from developing countries  “Development Aid” programme currently benefits researchers in over 30 countries

IOP Publishing   

Wholly owned subsidiary of IOP

 Mission: “To disseminate a knowledge of Physics”

IOP 2009 300 staff in six countries

 Offices in Bristol (UK), Washington DC and Philadelphia (USA)  Sales and editorial offices in Russia, China, Japan, Germany and Poland

Cooperation with many smaller societies in Europe and worldwide

Publishing globally    

2,000 publishers publish around 1.5 million peer reviewed articles per year in 23,000 journals The industry employs (directly) 110,000 globally: 40,000+ in EU, 10,000 in UK There are a few major commercial publishers with hundreds of titles each and hundreds of smaller society publishers often owner of just one title In the last 10 years major changes in publishing practice affected all

Publishing globally: Publishers in STM

Articles published

26% Elsevier APS IOP IEEE AIP Wolters Kluwer ACS Taylor & Francis Springer Wiley Blackwell

Publishing globally: Subject areas in STM

What do journal publishers do?

• • 5,000 new editors per year 500 new journals launched per year • Organise editorial boards • Launch new specialist journals • 40 million articles available digitally, back to early 1800s Archive and promote Solicit and manage submissions • 3 million+ article submissions per year • • • 2.5 million+ referees 3.75 million+ referee reports per year 50%+ of submissions rejected Manage peer review • • • • • 12 million researchers 4,500+ institutions 180+ countries 1 billion+ downloads/year 10 million+ printed pages/year Publish and disseminate Edit and prepare • • • 125,000 editors 350,000 editorial board members 30 million+ author/publisher communications per year Production • 1.5 million new articles produced per year • 350 years of back issues scanned, processed and data-tagged Note: industry estimates based on known numbers for a subset of the industry that are then scaled to 100% based on the article share of the known subset.

Growth in total journals, global R&D workers and STM articles 1996-2007

Bold = Estimated cumulative investment since 2000 • Organise editorial boards • Launch new specialist journals Electronic Platforms, e.g.

ScienceDirect Wiley InterScience Highwire Scopus

>£1500 million

Archive and promote Publish and disseminate Solicit and manage submissions Other support and related systems

>£300 million

Manage peer review Edit and prepare Author Submission & Editorial Systems

>£70 million

eJournal Backfiles eReference Works

>£150 million

Electronic Warehousing

>£60 million

Production Production Tracking Systems

>£50 million

Economics of Publishing: Delivering research content   

Journals / E-Books

 Print  Online  Combination

Packages / Bundles

 By subject  By format (e.g. electronic bundle)  With / without archive

Consortium

 Some institutions or whole country

Economics of Publishing: Monthly downloads of research papers (IOP Publishing figures)

Monthly dow nloads to all Journals

2,000,000 1,800,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr 2004 May 2005 Jun 2006 Jul 2007 Aug 2008 Sep 2009 Oct Nov Dec

Economics of Publishing: Acquiring research content   

The ability for libraries to keep up with output is not growing Library budgets under pressure Funding agencies and government bodies engaging with the community

 Wellcome Trust  National Institutes for Health  PubMed  Expectation that research will be openly available as soon as possible  Typical embargo: 6-12 months

Economics of Publishing

Average University & Library spend

Source: SCONUL (Society of College, National and University Libraries) 100% 100% Other O/H 14% Research & Overhead 68% Staff 50% Instruction 29% Library 2.7% 2.3%

University

Other info 8% Books 9% Journals 19%

Library

Economics of Publishing     Research output is growing Scientists can’t read every paper anymore New services available to help scientists identify and obtain content Publishers need to ensure that their content is accessible in whatever way the researcher may want to access it and invest in necessary technology

Economics of Publishing  

Pricing

 Per title, per article, per subject group?

 Open Access for all? Institution fees?   Universities repository, how costly and effective will that be to academics? Is there a future for “Big Deals”?

 New metrics coming into place: usage factor, cost per download…

Cost cutting

 Price freeze, limited investment…

Summary – What for, Publishers?

     

Provide the vehicles through which a scientist can further their career Set high standards of research output Act as a quality filter

 Provide a professional and seamless peer review service to ensure high standards are being achieved

Provide the means by which content can be easily accessed

 Invest in relationship with libraries, researchers and resellers   Continue to invest in offering a high standard of service IT, expertise, systems, new processes and methods

Listen to our communities

 Adapt business models  Provide users what they want

Ensure that published content is available in whatever way the user wishes to access that content

One scientist’s view  

Philip Bourne, Ph.D., University of California, San Diego, Editor-in-Chief, PLoS Computational Biology

“Will the contract between scientist and publisher change to be more than one of handling final manuscripts to one of maintaining the workflow of scholarly discourse - ideas, hypotheses, protocols, data, interpretations of these data, and conclusions, all in a variety of formats and modes of dissemination”. 

STM International Conference, Cambridge MA 29 April 2010

Thank you 

Any questions?

Yann Amouroux IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK [email protected]

Tel: 0044 117 9301117