Transcript Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Update on issues related to the IPCC 2006 Guidelines Simon Eggleston IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse.

Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Update on issues related to the IPCC 2006
Guidelines
Simon Eggleston
IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Introduction
• Guidelines have evolved from 1996 to 2006
• Major step was the Good Practice Guidance
(GPG)
– Complete, consistent, comparable, transparent, and
accurate inventories taking account of available
resources
– Major change was from 1996 LUCF to GPG LULUCF
• 2006 Guidelines [2.5 years work, 250 authors]
– 4 categories (Energy, IPPU, AFOLU & Waste)
– Require similar resources to implement as the 1996
Guidelines plus the two volumes of GPG
– Does not pre-empt accounting choices – methods
generate all information needed
– The best globally applicable methods
2
2006 Guidelines
• Update and expand earlier guidelines
– While remaining consistentancy with earlier guidelines
•
•
•
•
Have a general introduction to inventory compilation
Include a new chapter on data collection
Include updated default values and methods
Restructure main categories and sub-sectors to
clarify and simplify inventories and to reduce chance
of double-counting
• Include methods for sectors previously included in
other sectors or under “other”
• Include additional direct greenhouse gases for which
estimation methods are provided
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Tiers and Key Categories
Start
Key category:
The largest
categories that
cumulatively add
up to 95% of the
total
Many defaults
updated in 2006
Guidelines
Is Category key?
YES
NO
Use higher Tier:
Want more detail?
Abatement?
YES
Tier 1:
The simplest
method with
default parameters
in the guidelines
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TIER 2 using National
parameters
NO
OR
Use default Tier 1
(a few exceptions see
guidelines)
TIER 3 a more detailed
nationally specific
modeling approach
“New” gases in 2006 Guidelines (IPPU)
– Methodologies in 2006 Guidelines
By-product &
fugitive emissions
GWP in TAR
GWP in AR4
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
CF3I, CH2Br2, CHCl3
✔
✔
C7F16 , CH2Cl2, CH3Cl
✔
✔
nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)
Magnesium
production
✔
Electronics
Industries
Halogenated
Compounds
Production
Only Gases with methods available
included in 2006 Guidelines
✔
trifluoromethyl sulphur pentafluoride (SF5CF3)
halogenated ethers (e.g. C4F9OC2H5,
CHF2OCF2OC2F4OCHF2, CHF2OCF2OCHF2)
✔
✔
C3F7C(O)C2F5
5
C4F6, C5F8, c-C4F8O
✔
✔
✔
✔
Direct CO2 & Indirect N2O
Direct CO2 Emissions
CO2
2006 Guidelines
“CO2 Emissions”
do not include
this
2006 Guidelines
“CO2 Emissions”
CH4, CO & Hydrocarbons
“Total” CO2 Emissions – the total increment in
the atmosphere form direct and indirect sources
of CO2
CO2
2006 Guidelines
give methods to
calculate this
Oxidises in the Atmosphere to form CO2
Sometimes called “Indirect CO2 Emissions”
CO2
01/06/2009 - 08/06/2009
NH3 & NOx
“Indirect N2O Emissions”
2006 Guidelines
includes ALL NH3
& NOx Emissions
N2O
Deposition of N onto soils and the subsequent chemistry
gives rise to N2O Emissions – “Indirect N2O”
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Estimation of Actual Annual Emissions
(Fluorinated compounds, Landfills)
• For a few sources in the 1996 Guidelines & GPG,
the simplest methodology estimates a “potential
emission” (current and future emissions) rather than
the actual annual emission.
• In the 2006 Guidelines, simple default methods
estimate actual annual emissions in the year they
occur, thus removing the need for potential
emissions.
• This allows:
– the emission reductions of abatement techniques to be
estimated
– ensures that the methods are compatible with higher tier
methods.
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Additional Guidance in 2006 Guidelines
Fuel Combustion
CO2 -Transport and Storage
Urea-based Catalysts (Road Transport)
Fugitive Emissions from Fuels
Abandoned Underground Mines
Mineral Industry
Glass Production
Ceramics
Non Metallurgical Magnesia Production
Chemical Industry
Caprolactam, Glyoxal & Glyoxylic Acid
Titanium Dioxide Production
Petrochemical and Carbon Black Production
Metal Industry
Lead Production
Zinc Production
Electronics Industries
Integrated Circuit or Semiconductor
TFT Flat Panel Display
Photovoltaics
Heat Transfer Fluid
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Other Product Manufacture and Use
Electrical Equipment
Military Applications
Accelerators
Medical Applications
Propellant for Pressure and Aerosol Products
Substitutes for Ozone Depleting Substances
Land Use
Complete, consistent treatment of fires
N2O from land management and change
Settlements remaining Settlements
Some wetlands categories
Urea Application
Indirect N2O Emissions from Manure
Harvested Wood Products
Waste
Open Burning of Waste
Biological Treatment of Solid Waste
Other
Indirect N2O Emissions from the Atmospheric
Deposition of N (excluding agriculture)
Structure
AFOLU of the AFOLU Sector AFOLU
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Improvements in AFOLU Guidance
• Wetlands
– 2006 GL has complete coverage of peat lands
– 2006 GL improved coverage of flooded lands but some
guidance is incomplete and awaits further scientific
investigation
• Fires
– Guidelines have increased consistency and coverage of fires
– All emissions from fires reported in a separate category for
increased transparency
• Managed land is used in these guidelines as a proxy
for identifying anthropogenic emissions by sources
and removals by sinks.
– use of managed land as a proxy for anthropogenic effects
was introduced in the GPG-LULUCF and is consistent with
the Revised 1996 Guidelines.
– Managed land is land where human interventions and
practices have been applied to perform production,
ecological or social functions
10
Subsequent IPCC Work
• Helsinki 2008. (LULUCF/AFOLU Guidance)
– Concluded that additional assistance on activity
data would assist LULUCF/AFOLU compilers
rather than methodological work
– Also needed: Consideration of Uncertainties and
Tier 3 models, and improvement of EFDB
• Brazil 2009 (Managed Land)
– No current alternative to the use of “managed
land” as a proxy for identifying anthropogenic
emissions was identified
– Possible alternatives need further scientific
development and subsequent assessment
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Summary
 2006 Guidelines
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Maintain the same basic methodological approaches from
1996 Guidelines, GPG 2000 & GPG LULUCF
Improved and updated default values
Only actual emissions – potential estimates not needed
Methods give direct CO2 emissions
More default methods and direct Greenhouse Gases
Categories simplified and clarified with IPPU and AFOLU
Do not pre-empt accounting choices as all information is
retained
Can map back to 1996 GL plus GPG
Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Thank you
More details in side event – 1pm Thursday 4 June
Room “TRAM”
Guidelines in all UN languages can be downloaded from:
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp