Transcript Properties of matter General Properties of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume Everything is made of matter.

Properties of matter
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General Properties of
Matter
Matter is anything that
has mass and volume
Everything is made of
matter
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What are properties?
Characteristics used to
describe an object
Ex: color, odor, shape,
size, texture,hardness
video
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General Properties of
matter
Mass, weight, volume,
and density
Properties are used to
identify a substance
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What is mass?
Mass is the amount of
matter in an object
Mass is constant
Mass is also the
measure of inertia
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What is inertia?
Inertia is the
resistance of an object
to changes in its
motion
The more mass the
greater the inertia
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Questions
How is mass related to
inertia?
Why are properties of
an object important?
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Question
Which object has
more inertia, an
empty wagon or one
loaded with rocks?
Why?
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Question
What does a seatbelt
do for a passenger
when a car stops
suddenly?
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Question
Why would the
passenger move
forward without the
restraining force of
the belt?
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Question
What would stop a
passenger if the
seatbelt were not in
place?
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Question
What other safety
features are present
in a car in response
to a person’s inertia
in a moving vehicle?
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Weight
The measure of the force
of gravity on the mass of
an object
Weight changes with
gravity
The metric unit for
weight is a Newton (N)
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Weight formula
1 kg = 2.2 pounds
Weight is mass times gravity
(9.8 m/s2)
W= m x g
What is your mass?
What is your weight in
Newtons?
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What is gravity?
The force of attraction
between objects is
gravity
All objects exert a
gravitational force on
each other
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Question
Why can’t you feel the
attraction between you
and other objects the
same way you are
pulled toward Earth?
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Gravitational pull
The greater the mass
of an object the
greater the
gravitational force
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Question
Why can’t we feel the
pull of gravity from
Jupiter even though
it is so massive?
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What affects gravity?
The pull of gravity
weakens as the
distance between
objects increases
gravity depends on
mass and distance
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Gravity
The further an object
is from the center of
the earth, the less
the object will weigh
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Question
Would you weigh less,
more, or the same on
top of Mount Everest?
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Question
The moon is smaller
than the earth. How
would your weight be
different on the moon?
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Questions
What are three
properties of matter
related to mass?
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Question
What is density and
how is it calculated?
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Density
The density of water is
1.0 g/ml
Objects with densities
greater than 1.0 will
sink in water
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Density
Objects with
densities less than
1.0 g/ml will float on
water
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Ice
Ice floats therefore it is
less dense than water
Ice mostly remains
underwater with only a
portion of it being
exposed
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Astronomy fact!
The planet Saturn has
a density of less than
1.0 g/ml. If there was
an ocean big enough to
hold it, it would float!
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Calculations
If 96.5 grams of gold
has a volume of 5
cubic centimeters,
what is the density
of gold?
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Calculation
If 96.5 g of aluminum
has a volume of 35
cm3, what is the
density of aluminum?
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Calculation
If the density of a
3
diamond is 3.5 g/cm ,
what would be the
mass of a diamond
whose volume is 0.5
cm3?
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What is specific gravity?
A comparison of the
density of a
substance and the
density of water is
specific gravity
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Questions
How is density
different from specific
gravity?
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What is a physical property?
Physical properties
are those that can be
observed without
changing the identity
of the substance
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Phases of matter (video)
Four phases of matter:
solid, liquid, gas, and
plasma
solids have a definite
shape and volume
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Solid particle arrangement
Solids are tightly packed
and the particles vibrate
Two types of solids are
crystalline and
amorphous
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Types of solids
Crystalline solids are
arranged in repeating
patterns called
crystals (salt, sugar)
Amorphous solids can
lose their shape
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Examples of amorphous solids
Tar, candle wax, glass
Shape changes under
certain conditions
(differences in
temperature)
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Liquid particle arrangement
Liquids have
particles that are
close together, but
are free to move
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Question
Describe the shape
of a liquid.
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Describe a liquid
Liquids do not have a
definite shape, but
they have a definite
volume
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Question
What happens when
one-liter of soda is
poured into a fourliter container?
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Properties of liquids
Liquids do not expand
to fill the volume of a
container
Liquids are
characterized by their
ability to flow
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What is viscosity?
The resistance of a liquid
to flow
The difficulty of a liquid
to flow easily
Honey, motor oil, corn
syrup have a high
viscosity
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Behavior of liquids
Cohesion is the force of
attraction between LIKE
particles
Adhesion is the force of
attraction between
UNLIKE particles
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Surface tension (video)
Tendency of particles
to pull together at the
surface of a liquid due
to cohesion
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Question
Describe the viscosity
of a liquid.
Describe a liquid’s
shape.
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Questions
How is adhesion
different from
cohesion?
Explain surface
tension.
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Properties of gases
Gases do not have a
definite shape or
volume (video)
They fill all the
available space in a
container
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Kinetic Molecular Theory of
Matter
Matter is made of tiny
particles in constant
motion
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Question
How are solids, liquids,
and gases different
from one another?
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Gas laws
Boyle’s and Charles’ law
describe the behavior of
gases with changes in
temperature, pressure,
and volume
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Charles Law
Charles’ law describes
a relationship between
the temperature and
volume of a gas
(constant pressure)
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Charles’ Law
As the temperature of a
gas increases, the
volume of a gas
increases
Heating air causes it to
expand
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Question
How can you explain
the fact that gas
particles expand to
fill space?
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Pressure
The force that
particles of a
substance (gas/liquid)
will apply over a
certain area
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Boyle’s Law
Boyle’s law describes
the relationship
between the volume
and pressure of gases
(constant temperature)
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Boyle’s law
If the volume of a gas
decreases, then the
pressure of a gas
increases (Boyle’s law)
The smaller the space
a gas occupies, the
more pressure
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Plasma
Plasma (phase)
most common phase in
the universe, dangerous,
very high energy (found in
stars)
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Question
What are the four
phases of matter?
Describe the plasma
phase of matter.
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Phase changes (video)
Phase changes in
matter are melting,
freezing, vaporization,
condensation, and
sublimation
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What is a physical change?
Physical changes involve
the changing of physical
properties
Type of matter remains
the same
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Questions
Describe each of the five
phase changes (melting,
freezing, vaporization,
condensation, and
sublimation).
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Physical changes
Changing color,
shape, phase,
texture, hardness,
odor would be a
physical change
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Melting video
Phase change from a
solid to a liquid
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Melting point
Temperature in
which a solid
changes to a liquid
Physical property
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Questions
How is melting
different from freezing?
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Phase changes (video)
Involve a change in
volume, but mass
remains constant
Adding or removing
energy from matter
results in phase changes
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Vaporization
Phase change from a
liquid to a gas
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Boiling point (video)
The temperature in which
a liquid boils
Point at which a liquid
changes to a gas
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Freezing (video)
Phase change of a
liquid to a solid
The temperature in
which this occurs is
the freezing point
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Condensation
Condensation is the
phase change from a
gas to a liquid
Sublimation is a phase
change from solid to a
gas
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Question
Describe a difference
between condensation
and vaporization.
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Sublimation examples
Dry ice and iodine
are examples solids
that undergo
sublimation
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Chemical properties
Describe how a
substance changes
into new substances
are chemical
properties
Ex: flammability
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Chemical changes
The change of a
substance into a new and
different substance
Also known as a chemical
reaction
video
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Questions
What is another name for
a chemical change?
Describe sublimation.
How is a chemical
change different from a
physical change?
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