Transcript Write “Flow Chart” in your sprial. Bell Work: 12/3/13 How DNA Works: Use pgs.

Write “Flow Chart” in your sprial.
Bell Work: 12/3/13
How DNA
Works:
Use pgs. 188-190 to
create a flow chart
that explains how
DNA works.
A cell’s DNA codes for
proteins that determine
traits, like skin color
A single strand of
chromatin= DNA
that is coiled around
proteins.
Cell is ready to divide=
packages chromatin
into chromatids.
Two identical
chromatids=a
chromosome ready to
divide
Before division, human
cell=46 chromosomes
(two identical copies of
genetic material)
Objectives
 Describe
the relationship between
genes, chromosomes, and inherited
traits (SPI 0707.4.3)
Base-Pair Matching
1.
2.
3.
4.
Remove the colored bases from the bag and
arrange them in any order in a straight vertical line.
Make sure to fit the sugar notches to the phosphate
tabs.
On “go” one person from your team will go to your
lab table and find the white base that correctly pairs
with the colored base and bring it back to your
group.
After the base pairs are matched up, the next person
goes to find another white base to match it with the
next colored base and so on until your DNA strand is
complete.
The first team to finish correctly, wins an extra credit
pass.
Changes in Genes
Check out pg. 192 & 193!
Changes in the number, type, or order of bases on
a piece of DNA are known as mutations.
 Sometimes bases are left out, extras are added, or
the most common, the wrong base is used.
 Consequences of Mutations:
 improved trait, no change, harmful trait
 Most of the time proteins detect an error and fix it.
 Mutagens, like radiation, can cause mutations in
DNA.
 When scientists manipulate or change individual
genes within organisms it is called genetic
engineering.
 DNA fingerprinting identifies the unique patterns
in an individual’s DNA.
 A clone is an exact copy of another organism’s
genes.


Questions...

✔
Does every cell contain the same DNA?
Every cell in your body has the same
genes, and DNA. Your cells have all of the
genetic information for your whole body.
Your skin cells have the genetic make up of
your skin and your muscles. Your skin
does not use this extra information.
Questions...

✔
✔
How do things get cloned?
To make Dolly, researchers isolated a somatic cell
from an adult female sheep. Next, they transferred
the nucleus from that cell to an egg cell from which
the nucleus had been removed. After a couple of
chemical tweaks, the egg cell, with its new nucleus,
was behaving just like a freshly fertilized zygote. It
developed into an embryo, which was implanted into
a surrogate mother and carried to term.
The lamb, Dolly, was an exact genetic replica of the
adult female sheep that donated the somatic cell
nucleus to the egg. She was the first-ever mammal to
be cloned from an adult somatic cell.
Questions...

Harmful mutations:

✔
✔
Beneficial
Mutations:
wild almond tree seeds
“contain an intensely
bitter chemical called
amygdalin, which …
breaks down to yield the
poison cyanide.
almond trees have a
mutation in a single
gene that prevents them
from making a poison
Exit Ticket

Write down a question that you have about
today’s lesson….
DNA Drawing


Draw a portion of a DNA strand.
You must show the following:
Double helix structure
➔ Phosphate + sugar backbone
➔ Paired bases in the middle (must be correctly
bonded base pairs)
➔
Paper DNA
Step 1: label the bases
on the paper model with
A, T, G, or C from the
bottom to the top. Color
code the boxes lightly
with colored pencil, using
the DNA guide on the
board.
Step 2: “Unzip” the
paper model by cutting it
in half vertically and glue
the pieces in the correct
location on your
worksheet so the bases
match up correctly.
Step 3: Label the empty boxes
using A, T, G, or C and then
color them using the colors on
your DNA Guide (see below).
Remember to match the bases
correctly!
A–T
T–A
G–C
C-G
Step 4: Have me check your
work & build a DNA model!
3-2-1

3 things you learned today…

2 questions you have…

1 way this relates to your daily life…