Transcript LA LATERALIZACIÓN DEL SISTEMA FÓNICO 21 FEB 2011 – DÍA 18 Neurolingüística del español SPAN 4270 Harry Howard Tulane University.

LA LATERALIZACIÓN DEL
SISTEMA FÓNICO
21 FEB 2011 – DÍA 18
Neurolingüística del español
SPAN 4270
Harry Howard
Tulane University
ORGANIZACIÓN DEL CURSO
02/21/11
http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/SPAN4130Neurospan/
 El curso es apto para un electivo en neurociencia.
 Neurolinguistics and linguistic aphasiology está
en reserva en la biblioteca.
 Human Research Protection Program

SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University
http://tulane.edu/asvpr/irb/index.cfm
 Before beginning research at Tulane University, all
research personnel must complete the CITI Training
Program; this can be completed at
www.citiprogram.org.

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¡La prueba es el repaso!
SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University
REPASO
concepto
léxico
código fonológico
selección
de lema
prosodificación,
lema
palabra fonológica
silabificación
codificación fonética
articulación
SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University
recuperar código
fonológico morfémico
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enfoque
conceptual
Codificación de forma
Selección léxica
TEORÍA DE ACCESO LÉXICO
(LEVELT 2001)
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SELECCIÓN LÉXICA
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Nodos de conceptos léxicos
⟦arma⟧
pez
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⟦animal⟧
arco
animal
cabra
Nodos de lemas
espada
flecha
arma
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/e/
/s/
/e/
/s/
(/p/,/e/,/s/) (/e/,/s/)
silabificación
ω
/
/pes/
/pe/
/ses/
[pe]
[ses]
\
σ σ
/pe – ses/
codificación fonética
rasgos distintivos
[C][V]
[C][V][C]
SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University
prosodificación,
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/p/
recuperar código fonológico
morfémico
<es>
CODIFICACIÓN DE FORMA
<pez>
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"peces"
articulación
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HOET §2.7-9
SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University
LA LATERALIZACIÓN DEL
SISTEMA FÓNICO
UNA DISTINCIÓN
Características como la sonoridad, el lugar y la
manera de articulación pertenecen a fonos

Características como el acento pertenecen a un
grupo de fonos


= segméntales.
= suprasegméntales o prosódicas.
La prosodia es el conjunto de inflexiones
melódicas que hace la voz durante la producción
de la cadena fónica.

tono, intensidad (volumen), cantidad (duración)
SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University
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KINDS OF LINGUISTIC PROSODY
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Lexical and phrasal prosody, see next 2 slides
 Sentence type and prosodic contour
 Contrastive (or emphatic or focal) stress
 Determining whether two sentences are identical
based on any of these stress patterns

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LEXICAL PROSODY
(CAPS MARK STRESSED SYLLABLE)
Noun vs. verb in English (±15)

Thai
naa with a rising pitch tone means “thick”
 naa with a falling pitch tone means “face”


LHD (but not RHD) affects both of these rules
SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University

CONvert vs. conVERT
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PHRASAL PROSODY
Compound noun rule

hot DOG (a dog that is hot)
HOTdog (a frankfurter)
SHEEPdog (a breed of dogs)
Stress retraction
After eating FOURteen CAKES, he threw up.
 After eating fourTEEN, CAKES did not tempt him.


LHD (but not RHD) affects both of these rules
SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University
noun phrase:
 adjective+noun:
 noun+noun:

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CONTRASTIVE (OR EMPHATIC OR
FOCAL) STRESS [CLAUSAL
PROSODY]
Examples

LHD (but not RHD) affects this
SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University
The horses were racing from the BARN.
 The HORSES were racing from the barn.

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SENTENCE TYPE AND PROSODIC
CONTOUR
Types

declarative: fall in pitch at end

I eat chocolate.
interrogative: rise for yes-no question (a); fall for
interrogative pronoun (b)
Do you eat chocolate?
 What do you eat?


imperative: even pitch throughout; rise in intensity
at end


Eat chocolate!
RHD (but not LHD) reduces accuracy and
variation in pitch
SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University
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SUMMARY
emotional prosody
 sentence type
 declarative,
interrogative,
imperative

SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University
lexical stress
 CONvert ~
conVERT
 tone languages
 phrasal stress
 noun compounding
 stress retraction
 clausal stress
 contrastive stress

RH
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LH
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MORE RECENT RESEARCH:
LATERALIZATION OF ACOUSTIC CUES
OR PARAMETERS





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
the acoustic transitions that make up a given phonological
segment
the duration of the transitions
the frequency of the spectral information
the frequency of information in general
the size of temporal integration windows
categorical vs. graded relations
Normal speech confounds these hopelessly, so it will be
quite a challenge to tease out and evaluate the contribution
of any single one.
SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University

Cue or parameter models seek hemispheric specialization
in some component of the acoustic signal which either flags
a semantic construct (a cue) or constitutes a broad physical
measure (a parameter).
I know of five well-articulated positions that have been set
forth as the defining cue or parameter of hemispheric
specialization:
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La lateralización del sistema fónico 2
SPAN 4130 - Harry Howard - Tulane University
EL PRÓXIMO DÍA