Transcript ESA/STAT/AC.161/Cj.1 Expert Group Meeting on the Scope and Content of Social Statistics Review of papers on Crime and Justice Statistics Country papers-: Italy and Ireland Jogeswar.

ESA/STAT/AC.161/Cj.1
Expert Group Meeting on the Scope
and Content of Social Statistics
Review of papers on Crime and
Justice Statistics
Country papers-: Italy and Ireland
Jogeswar Dash
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, India
Crime statistics- New Challenges
• Crime is an area of increasing concern all over the
world.
• Criminals adopt new techniques and
methodologies, new networks that transcend
national boundaries
• Unleashing of the forces of globalization and
advent of cyber space has added new dimension to
crime, extremist violence and organized crime
What statistics can do
• Data / statistics should be capable of
providing inputs for policy and strategies to
tackle new and emerging forms of crimes
• Special efforts to be channelized towards
protection of the vulnerable and weaker
sections of the societies- women and
children
Crime statistics- sources
Administrative statistics( police, courts, jails etc) and
sample surveys.
Real criminality: whole crime set in a specific time
and place regardless of police reporting or
inquiries or final sentence
Reported criminality: Administrative data
Hidden Criminality:Not reported and unknown(may
be known also) to social control agencies. Can be
estimated through sample surveys
Hidden Crime ( Domestic Crime)
• the term domestic crime referred includes crime against
women and girls by an intimate partner and by family
members irrespective of crime committed within or beyond
boundaries of the home.
• crime that occurs within the family or within the home
• tolerated in many contexts and goes unnoticed.
• only a small number of crime committed against women
are covered under legal provisions .
• despite the universal awareness of the problem, there is
little rigorous data to establish prevalence and to monitor
trends
Case of Italy
• victimization survey and violence against
women survey– Italy
• 70 % hidden criminality, 7% of rape cases
are reported
• Categories of Crime: against house holds,
moral, against property, against state, social
institutions, public order, economy, public
faith, organized crime
Case of Italy
• New Statistics to monitor political needs
and social changes: Bank card cloning,
internet theft and fraud, harassment at work
places
• UNECE-UNODC task force is preparing a
manual on victimization survey
• EUROSTAT is testing a European module
with a core set of Questions.
Case of Ireland
• CSO produces Recorded Crime Statistics
based on Administrative data , quarterly and
annually
• CSO conducts Crime and Victimization
surveys as a module in LF survey- over 50
questions at household level and individual
level (sexual assaults & domestic violence
are not included)
Case of Ireland
Classification of crimes
• New classification introduced in April 2008
• Has 3 levels of coding, 16 offence groups
and over 200 criminal incident types
• Uses Social rather than Legal model of
crime
• Data can be provided at 2, 3 or 4 levels
Case of Ireland
Counting Rules
• Primary offence Rule: Where two or more
criminal offences are disclosed in a single episode
it nis the primary offence that is counted
• One offence counts per victim: one offence conts
per victim involved with exceptions of cheque/
credit card fraud and burglary
• A continuous series of offences against the same
victim involving the same offender counts as one
offence
Case of Ireland
Crime related statistics and
agencies
• Irish Curt Service: statistics relating to courts
system based on administrative records
• Irish Prison Service: Statistics Relating to prisons
• Directorate of Public prosecutions:
• National Crime council And Rape Crisis Centres :
Crime and Justice statistics and related Research
findings.
Issues for Discussion
• ISTAT takes care of the quality of Statistics
produced by Ministry of Justice and Ministry of
Interior. The issue is how the quality is judged by
ISTAT- This may be a common issue for Most of
the Countries
• UNSD may take up a new work of harmonization,
guidelines, designing of frame work for crime
statistics, indicators needed, crimes to be studied
etc.
Issues for Discussion
• Sample survey: what should be the FRAME
• Whether sample space excludes the
Administrative Record crimes ?
• What should be counted – Crimes or
Criminals?
Issues for Discussion
• Accidental deaths, Suicides are factors for
premature end to life. Data relating to parameters
like causative factors, age group of the victims are
useful to understand the problems
• Disposal of Crime: Criminal justice system to be
geared to meet the situation. Statistics relating to
justice system: Number of courts, judges, disposal
rates, pending cases etc.
Issues for Discussion
• Prison Statistics: Concept of prison is
undergoing change and rights of prisoners
are in focus today. Prison is not a place
punishment, but for reforms, rehabilitation.
• Prison population
• Occupancy rate/ over crowding
• Convicts and under-trials,
• Women in jail etc.
Crime against Women and Children
• Crime is a behavioral, emotional, psychological, physical
or sexual abuse that one person uses in order to control
another.
• Various kinds of crimes against women recordable
under law are
– eve-teasing, molestation,
– bigamy, fraudulent marriage,
– adultery and enticement of married women,
– abduction and kidnapping,
– rape, harassment to women at working place,
– wife beating, dowry death,
– female child abuse and abuse of elderly female
Crime against Women and Children
• To identify the key problem use additional data
sources such as socio-economic background
• study the different stages of life where abuse
takes place and its implications.
– childhood
• a girl may be the target of sex-selective abortion,
• enforced malnutrition,
• lack of access to medical care and education,
• bonded labour,
• early marriage, and forced prostitution.
Crime against Women and Children
– Adult life
• raped and even murdered at the hands of intimate
partners.
• forced pregnancy,
• abortion,
• harmful practices such as sati (the burning of a
widow on the funeral pyre of her husband),
• killings in the name of honour,
• dowry-related crime.
• psychological abuse