Building Construction Instructor Brian Ward Purpose Why should we, as firefighters, be concerned with building construction?
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Transcript Building Construction Instructor Brian Ward Purpose Why should we, as firefighters, be concerned with building construction?
Building Construction
Instructor
Brian Ward
Purpose
Why should we, as firefighters, be
concerned with building construction?
Introduction
In order to maintain a high expectation of
safety with personnel, we decided that a
new program which is concerned with
specific situations and new construction be
developed.
Introduction
The content of this class is comprised from
Brannigan’s Building Construction for the
Fire Service 4th Edition.
Terminal Performance Objectives
Understand the importance of building
construction knowledge.
Describe construction concepts/features
that can help firefighters predict and
mitigate hazards.
Enabling Objectives
Explain different types of loads placed on
a structure.
Examine the structural elements that are
included in a structure.
Analyze the transmission of loads.
Forces
Gravity
Compression
Shear
Tension
Loads
Dead
Permanent
Live
Any load not attached or permanent.
Impact
Drop a bowling ball on the floor.
Lateral Impact
Gas explosion.
Loads
Static/Repeated
Slow and remain
constant.
Wind
Torsional or twisting
loads
Concentrated
Loads located at one
specific point.
Suspended
Mezzanine
Orientation of Loads
Axial
Perpendicular to the
plane, passes through
the center.
Eccentric
Perpendicular to the
plane but does not
pass through the
center.
Orientation of Loads
Torsion
Twist, turn, or pull an
object.
Fire Loads
Potential energy
Heat Release Rate – All wood can generate
approximately the same total amount of heat
per pound.
Not the same as flame spread rate.
Can vary with contents.
School Burn Video
Structural Elements
Beams
Columns
Walls
Bracing
Roofs
Arches
Beams
Types
Simple
Continuous
Fixed
Overhanging
Beams
Types
Bracket
Joist
Steel and Bar
Girder
Built-Up and Spandrel
Beams
Lintel
Spans an opening
Grillage
Heavy Loads
Cantilever
Supported at one end.
Beams
Needle
Support
Suspended
Similar to cantilever, but uses cables.
Can become undesigned cantilever.
Transfer
Transfers loads laterally.
Walls
Load Bearing
Non-Load Bearing
Walls
Veneer
Composite
Panel or Curtain
Fire
Partition/Party
Walls
Cantilever
Bracing
Buttresses
Rakers
Pilasters
Wall Columns
Cavity or Hollow Walls
Veneer
Decorative
Single thickness
Composite
Brick and Concrete
Curtain
Non-Load Bearing
Can fall out and the structure will remain
Fire
Should contain the fire with little or no
help.
Partition/Party
Partition
Non-Load Bearing, subdivide areas of a floor.
Party
Load Bearing, common to two structures.
Cantilever
Free standing
Under construction
Bracing
Buttresses
Rakers
Bracing
Pilaster
Masonry columns built
on the inside of
structure.
Wall Columns
Bracing
Cavity or Hollow
Masonry wall built two wythes thick
Allowed water to drain, now fill with foam
insulation.
Roofs
Not as strong as floors.
Do not have the fire rating of floors.
Can be composed of multiple layers.
Roofs
Vary according to type of construction
Basic Types:
Arched
Gabled
Sawtooth
Hip
Butterfly
Shed
Mansard
Lantern
Flat
Gambrel
Arched
Gabled
Sawtooth
Hip
Butterfly
Shed
Mansard
Lantern
Flat
Gambrel
Arches
Combines the function of the beam and
column.
Under compression
Keystone is critical.
Transmission of Loads
Top - to - Bottom
Connections
Weakest point of a structure.
Types
Pinned
Rigid-Framed
Connections
Demolition, Renovation,
Construction Phase
Increased level of danger
If designed with fire protection, probably
not in place or operating.
Fall hazard
Temporary shoring
Formwork in place
Susceptible to arson
Any Questions???
Summary
We looked at how gravity affects
structures.
We examined how different loads are
applied to a structure.
Live
Dead
Static
Torsion, Tension, and Compression
Summary
We examined structural elements within a
structure.
Beams
Columns
Walls
Roofs
Summary
We analyzed transfer of loads through
connections.
Weakest link.
Any Questions?
The End.