Status of the Geoscience Workforce Status of the Geoscience WorkforceChapter 1: K-12 through Community College.
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2009 Status of the Geoscience Workforce Status of the Geoscience Workforce 2009 Chapter 1: K-12 through Community College Percent of Grade 7-8 Students Taking Selected Science Courses (1990-2004) 50% 45% 40% General Science 35% Life Science 30% Earth Science 25% Physical Science 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 1990 1996 2000 2002 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the CCSSO, State Indicators of Science and Mathematics, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007 2004 Percent of Grade 9 Students Enrolled in Earth Science (1996-2004) 100% 1996-1997 90% 1997-1998 80% 1999-2000 70% 2003-2004 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% AR CA ID IN LA MN MO MS ND NE NM OH OK SD TX UT WI WV Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's National Status Report on K-12 Earth Science Education, 2002, 2007 Note: Only states that reported values for all time periods are shown. Percentage of U.S. High School Graduates Taking Science Courses in High School (1982-2005) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1982 1987 1990 1994 1998 2000 2005 Biology (1 yr) Chemistry (1 yr) Physics (1 yr) Geology / Earth Science (1 semester) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NCES, Digest of Education Statistics, 2007 70,000 Number of U.S. High School Science Teachers (1990-2006) 60,000 50,000 Biology 40,000 Chemistry 30,000 Physics Earth Science 20,000 10,000 0 1990 2000 2002 2004 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program data derived from the CCSSO, State Indicators of Science and Mathematics, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007 2006 Percent Change in U.S. High School Science Teachers (1990-2006) 60% 50% 40% Biology 30% Chemistry 20% Physics Earth Science 10% 0% -10% 1990-2000 2000-2002 2002-2004 2004-2006 1990-2006 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program data derived from the CCSSO, State Indicators of Science and Mathematics, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007 Percent of High School Teachers Certified in Assigned Field (1990-2006) 100% 90% 80% Biology 70% Chemistry 60% Physics 50% Earth Science 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1990 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program data derived from the CCSSO, State Indicators of Science and Mathematics, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007 Percent of SAT Test Takers with Course Work or Experience in Selected Sciences (1996-2007) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1996 1997 1998 Biology 1999 2000 Chemistry 2001 Physics 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Geology, Earth, or Space Science Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the College Board College-Bound Seniors, Total Group Report, 1996-2005 2007 Mean Verbal SAT Scores for Test-takers with Course Work or Experience in Selected Sciences (1996-2007) 560 550 540 530 520 510 500 490 480 470 460 1996 1997 1998 Biology Physics All Test Takers 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Chemistry Geology, Earth, or Space Science Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the College Board College-Bound Seniors, Total Group Report, 1996-2005 Mean Math SAT Scores for Test-takers with Course Work or Experience in Selected Sciences (1996-2007) 560 550 540 530 520 510 500 490 480 470 1996 1997 1998 Biology Physics All Test Takers 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Chemistry Geology, Earth, or Space Science Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the College Board College-Bound Seniors, Total Group Report, 1996-2005 Intended Degree Level of SAT Test-takers (2000-2007) 30% 25% 20% Certificate Associate 15% Bachelor's 10% Master's Doctoral 5% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the College Board College-Bound Seniors, Total Group Report, 2000-2007 Number of SAT Test Takers Intending a College Degree in Interdisciplinary or Physical Science (1996-2007) 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 Physical Science Interdisciplinary Science 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the College Board College-Bound Seniors, Total Group Report, 1996-2007 Mean Verbal Scores for SAT Test-takers Planning a College Degree in Interdisciplinary or Physical Sciences (1996-2007) 600 580 560 540 520 500 480 460 1996 1997 1998 1999 Interdisciplinary Science 2000 2001 2002 2003 Physical Science 2004 2005 2006 All Test Takers Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the College Board College-Bound Seniors, Total Group Report, 1996-2005 2007 Mean Math Scores for SAT Test-takers Planning a College Degree in Interdisciplinary or Physical Sciences (1996-2007) 620 600 580 560 540 520 500 480 460 1996 1997 1998 1999 Interdisciplinary Science 2000 2001 2002 2003 Physical Science 2004 2005 2006 All Test Takers Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the College Board College-Bound Seniors, Total Group Report, 1996-2005 2007 Total Fall Enrollments in Credit Courses at Post-Secondary Institutions (1963 - 2006) 20,000,000 4-Year Number of Students 18,000,000 2-Year 16,000,000 14,000,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 2005 2003 2001 1999 1997 1995 1993 1991 1989 1987 1985 1983 1981 1979 1977 1975 1973 1971 1969 1967 1965 1963 0 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NCES, Digest of Education Statistics, 2007 Number of Community College Programs in Geoscience Disciplines 160 145 140 120 100 80 60 40 12 20 12 2 0 General Programs (Physical Science, Environmental Science, Natural Science) Technology / Technician Programs (Metallurgical, Petroleum, Physical Science) Geoscience Engineering (Earth Science / Geology, Paleontology, Oceanography, Atmospheric Science, Hydrology) (Mining, Mineral, Petroleum) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from ies NCES College Navigator Geoscience Associate Degrees byType of Program (1984-2006) 3,000 90% 80% 2,500 70% 2,000 60% 50% Total Number of Degrees in Geoscience Disciplines General Geoscience (%) 1,500 40% 1,000 30% Geoscience Technology (%) Core Geoscience (%) 20% 500 10% 0 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from IPEDS 0% Geoscience Engineering (%) Status of the Geoscience Workforce 2009 Chapter 2: Four-Year Colleges and Universities 100 16 90 14 80 70 Faculty Students 12 60 10 50 8 40 6 30 20 4 10 2 0 0 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's Directory of Geoscience Departments and 2003 Report on the Status of Academic Geoscience Departments, Katz, B.J., 2003. Number of Faculty Number of Students Mean Department Size by Faculty and by Students (1994-2007) Number of Attendees Total U.S. Field Camp Attendance (1998-2008) 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data provided by Dr. Penny Morton, UMN-Duluth U.S. Field Camp Attendance by State (1998-2008) 700 1998-2003 Number of Attendees 600 2004-2008 500 400 300 200 100 MI TX WA CA MN IL IN OK WI ID FL OH NY PA SD CO NM OR MO AR IA WY MT KS UT NC WV MA GA AL KY TN AK AZ VA 0 State Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data provided by Dr. Penny Morton, UMN-Duluth U.S. Field Camp Attendance by Region (1998-2008) Number of Attendees 2,000 1,800 Northeast 1,600 South 1,400 Midwest 1,200 West 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data provided by Dr. Penny Morton, UMN-Duluth Percent of U.S. Field Camp Attendance by Region (1998-2008) Percent of Total Attendees 50% 45% Midwest 40% West 35% South 30% Northeast 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data provided by Dr. Penny Morton, UMN-Duluth Percentage of Geoscience Faculty by Rank (2008) Associate professors 17% Non-tenure track 14% Emeritus 12% Assistant professors 19% Full professors 38% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program Number of Geoscience Faculty per Age Group and Rank (2008) 1,200 Number of Faculty 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 <36 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 66-70 71-75 76+ Age Group Faculty Counts Emeritus Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor Geoscience Faculty Rank Percentage per Age Group (2008) 90% Percentage of Age Group 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% <36 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 Age Group Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program 61-65 66-70 71-75 76+ Percentage of Female Geoscience Faculty by Rank (2008) Percentage of Faculty 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Full professors Associate professors Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program Assistant professors Non-tenure track Emeritus Percent of Geoscience Journal Publications Geoscience Journal Publications by Topic (1970-2006) 100% 40,000 90% 35,000 80% 30,000 70% 60% 25,000 50% 20,000 40% 15,000 30% 10,000 20% 5,000 10% 0% 0 Total Number of Geology Publications Interdisciplinary Engineering Geology Oceanography Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI GeoRef database Percent of Geoscience Faculty Geoscience Faculty Specialties (1999-2008) 30% 1999 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program 2006 2007 2008 Faculty Specialties by Region (1999-2008) Percent of Faculty in Geoscience Discipline 40% 35% GEOLOGY (1999) GEOLOGY (2008) 30% ECONOMIC GEOLOGY (1999) ECONOMIC GEOLOGY (2008) 25% GEOCHEMISTRY (1999) GEOCHEMISTRY (2008) 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Midwest Northeast Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program South West Faculty Specialties by Region (1999-2008) Percent of Faculty in Geoscience Discipline 50% 45% GEOPHYSICS (1999) 40% GEOPHYSICS (2008) PALEONTOLOGY (1999) 35% PALEONTOLOGY (2008) 30% HYDROLOGY (1999) HYDROLOGY (2008) 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Midwest Northeast Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program South West Faculty Specialties by Region (1999-2008) Percent of Faculty in Geoscience Discipline 60% SOIL SCIENCE (1999) 50% SOIL SCIENCE (2008) ENGINEERING GEOLOGY (1999) 40% ENGINEERING GEOLOGY (2008) OCEANOGRAPHY (1999) 30% OCEANOGRAPHY (2008) 20% 10% 0% Midwest Northeast Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program South West Faculty Specialties by Region (1999-2008) Percent of Faculty in Geoscience Discipline 70% 60% PLANETOLOGY (1999) PLANETOLOGY (2008) 50% OTHER (1999) OTHER (2008) 40% NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED (1999) NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED (2008) 30% 20% 10% 0% Midwest Northeast Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program South West Percent of Faculty in Discipline Faculty Specialties within Geology (1999-2008) 14% 1999 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program 2008 Faculty Specialties within Economic Geology (1999-2008) 50% 1999 Percent of Faculty in Discipline 45% 2008 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% General Economic Geology Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program Metals Coal Oil and Gas Non-Metals Percent of Faculty in Discipline Faculty Specialties within Geochemistry (1999-2008) 30% 25% 1999 2008 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program Percent of Faculty in Discipline Faculty Specialties within Geophysics (1999-2008) 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program 1999 2008 Percent of Faculty in Discipline Faculty Specialties within Paleontology (1999-2008) 20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program 1999 2008 Percent of Faculty in Discipline Faculty Specialties within Hydrology (1999-2008) 60% 50% 1999 2008 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program Faculty Specialties within Soil Science (1999-2008) Percent of Faculty in Discipline 35% 1999 30% 2008 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program Faculty Specialties within Engineering Geology (1999-2008) 50% 1999 Percent of Faculty in Discipline 45% 2008 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% General Engineering Geology Rock Mechanics Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program Mining Engineering Petroleum Mining Earthquake Engineering Tech/Extractive Engineering Metallurgy Faculty Specialties within Oceanography (1999-2008) Percent of Faculty in Discipline 40% 1999 35% 2008 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Biological Physical Chemical Geological Oceanography Oceanography Oceanography Oceanography Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program Shore and Nearshore Processes General Oceanography Faculty Specialties within Planetology (1999-2008) Percent of Faculty in Discipline 40% 1999 35% 2008 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Extraterrestrial Geology Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program Extraterrestrial Geophysics Meteorites & Tektites Cosmochemistry Percent of Faculty in Discipline 40% Faculty Specialties within Other Geosciences (1999-2008) 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program 1999 2008 U.S. Geoscience Enrollments (1955-2007) 40,000 35,000 Students 30,000 25,000 Undergraduate 20,000 15,000 Graduate 10,000 5,000 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 0 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's Directory of Geoscience Departments 8,000 U.S. Geoscience Degrees Granted (1973-2007) 7,000 Degrees Awarded Bachelor's 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 Master's 2,000 1,000 Doctorate 0 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's Directory of Geoscience Departments Percentage of Geoscience Degrees Conferred to Women (1990-2007) 50% 45% 40% Percentages 35% Bachelor's 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Source: AGI Geoscience Workfoce Program Master's Doctoral Underrepresented Minority Enrollments in Undergraduate Geoscience Programs (1993-2004) 5.0% 4.5% 4.0% 3.5% Native American/ Alaskan Native 3.0% Hispanic 2.5% Black, non-Hispanic 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS S&E Degrees by Race/Ethnicity of Recipients: 1995-2004 Underrepresented Minority Enrollments in Graduate Geoscience Programs (1993-2004) 5.0% 4.5% 4.0% 3.5% American Indian / Alaskan Native 3.0% Hispanic 2.5% Black, non-Hispanic 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS S&E Degrees by Race/Ethnicity of Recipients: 1995-2004 Percent of Degrees Conferred to Underrepresented Minorities in Science & Engineering Fields (1995-2004) 20% Bachelor's 18% Master's 16% Ph.D.'s 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% All Science & Engineering Biological sciences Computer sciences Earth, Mathematical atmospheric, sciences and ocean sciences Chemistry Physics Psychology Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Science and Engineering Degrees, by Race/Ethnicity of Recipients: 1995-2004 Social sciences Engineering Geoscience Bachelor's Degrees Conferred to Underrepresented Minorities (1995-2004) 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% American Indian / Alaskan Native 4.0% Hispanic 3.0% Black, non-Hispanic 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% 1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS S&E Degrees by Race/Ethnicity of Recipients: 1995-2004 Geoscience Master's Degrees Conferred to Underrepresented Minorities (1995-2004) 5.0% 4.5% 4.0% 3.5% American Indian / Alaskan Native 3.0% Hispanic 2.5% Black, non-Hispanic 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% 1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS S&E Degrees by Race/Ethnicity of Recipients: 1995-2004 Geoscience Doctoral Degrees Conferred to Underrepresented Minorities (1995-2004) 6.0% 5.0% American Indian / Alaskan Native 4.0% Hispanic 3.0% Black, non-Hispanic 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% 1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS S&E Degrees by Race/Ethnicity of Recipients: 1995-2004 Geoscience Degree Completion Rates and the Price of Oil (1973-2007) $120 40% $100 35% 30% $80 25% $60 20% 15% $40 10% $20 5% $0 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 0% Bachelor's Master's Ph.D. Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's Directory of Geoscience Departments, and http://inflationdata.com/inflation/Inflation_Rate/Historical_Oil_Prices_Table.asp Oil ($USD / barrel) Price of Oil ($/barrel) adjusted to 2007 Completion Rate of Geoscience Degrees 45% Bachelor's Degree Fields of Terminal Geoscience Master's and Doctoral Degree Recipients (2003) Percent of Students 60% Master's 50% Ph.D. 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Geosciences Other Sciences & Math Engineering Other Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS NSCG, 2003 Business Second Master's Degree Field of those who also have a Geoscience Master's Degree (2003) Other 35% Business 22% Engineering 19% Geosciences 11% Other Sciences & Math 13% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS NSCG, 2003 Percent of Geoscience Theses Geoscience Master's Theses by Topic (1970-2006) 90% 1,600 80% 1,400 70% 1,200 Total Number of Theses Geology Interdisciplinary 60% 1,000 50% 800 40% 600 30% 400 20% 200 10% 2006 2004 2002 2000 1998 1996 1994 1992 1990 1988 1986 1984 1982 1980 1978 1976 1974 1972 0 1970 0% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's GeoRef database Oceanography Engineering Percent of Geoscience Dissertations Geoscience Dissertations by Topic (1970-2006) 90% 1,800 80% 1,600 70% 1,400 60% 1,200 50% 1,000 Total Number of Dissertations Geology Interdisciplinary Oceanography Engineering geology 40% 800 30% 600 20% 400 10% 200 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's GeoRef database 2006 2004 2002 2000 1998 1996 1994 1992 1990 1988 1986 1984 1982 1980 1978 1976 1974 1972 0 1970 0% 14% Percent of Total Federal Research Funding Applied to the Geosciences (1970-2007) 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development 50% $1,200 45% $1,000 40% 35% $800 30% 25% $600 20% $400 15% 10% $200 5% $0 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 0% Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Geological science (%) Interdisciplinary Science (%) Atmospheric science (%) Oceanography (%) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development Millions ($USD) Percent of Geoscience Funding Percent of University Geoscience Research Funding per sub-discipline from Selected Federal Agencies (1973-2005) Department of Agriculture Percent of University Geoscience Research Funding per sub-discipline (1973-2005) $12 90% 80% 70% $10 $8 60% 50% $6 40% 30% 20% $4 Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) $2 10% 0% Millions ($USD) Percent of Geoscience Funding 100% $0 Atmospheric science (%) Geological science (%) Oceanography (%) Interdisciplinary Science (%) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development 90% $160 80% $140 70% 60% $120 $100 50% $80 40% 30% 20% $60 $40 10% $20 0% $0 Millions ($USD) Percent of Geoscience Funding Department of Defense Percent of University Geoscience Research Funding per sub-discipline (1973-2005) Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Atmospheric science (%) Geological science (%) Oceanography (%) Interdisciplinary Science (%) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development Department of Energy Percent of University Geoscience Research Funding per sub-discipline (1973-2005) 100% $120 80% 70% $100 $80 60% 50% $60 40% 30% 20% $40 $20 10% 0% Millions ($USD) Percent of Geoscience Funding 90% Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Atmospheric science (%) $0 Geological science (%) Oceanography (%) Interdisciplinary Science (%) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development NASA Percent of University Geoscience Research Funding per sub-discipline (1973-2005) 60% $200 $180 $160 50% 40% $140 $120 $100 30% 20% $80 Millions ($USD) Percent of Geoscience Funding 70% $60 $40 10% 0% $20 $0 Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Atmospheric science (%) Geological science (%) Oceanography (%) Interdisciplinary Science (%) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development National Science Foundation Percent of University Geoscience Research Funding per sub-discipline (1973-2005) 60% $500 50% 40% $400 $350 $300 30% $250 $200 20% 10% 0% Millions ($USD) Percent of Geoscience Funding $450 $150 $100 Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) $50 Atmospheric science (%) $0 Geological science (%) Oceanography (%) Interdisciplinary Science (%) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development Funding of Earth Science NSF Proposals (1999-2007) 2,500 45% 40% 2,000 35% 30% 1,500 25% 20% 1,000 15% 10% 500 5% 0 0% 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF BIIS Funding Trends Number of Proposals Number of Awards Funding Rate (%) Median Annual Size of Earth Science NSF Awards (1999-2007) $120,000 $100,000 $80,000 $60,000 $40,000 $20,000 $0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF BIIS Funding Trends Median Annual Funding of Earth Science NSF Awards (1999-2007) $30,000,000 $27,500,000 $25,000,000 $22,500,000 $20,000,000 $17,500,000 $15,000,000 $12,500,000 $10,000,000 $7,500,000 $5,000,000 $2,500,000 $0 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF BIIS Funding Trends Percent of Total NSF Earth Science Proposals by State (1999-2007) 18% 2,500 2,000 14% 12% 1,500 10% 8% 1,000 6% 4% 500 Number of Earth Science Proposals 16% Proposals (#) California New York Massachusetts 2% Arizona Minnesota 0% 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Illinois Colorado Texas Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF BIIS Funding Trends Pennsylvania Percent of Total NSF Earth Science Award Funds by State (1999-2007) 30% $160 28% $140 26% 24% $120 22% $100 18% 16% $80 14% 12% $60 Millions of USD 20% 10% 8% $40 6% 4% $20 2% 0% $0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF BIIS Funding Trends 2006 2007 Total funds ($) California New York Massachusetts Arizona Minnesota Illinois Colorado Texas Number of NSF Earth Science Proposals for Selected Topics (1999-2007) 1,000 900 Proposals 1999-2001 Proposals 2002-2004 800 Proposals 2005-2007 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF BIIS Funding Trends Number of NSF Earth Science Awards for Selected Topics (1999-2007) 350 Awards 1999-2001 300 Awards 2002-2004 Awards 2005-2007 250 200 150 100 50 0 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF BIIS Funding Trends NSF Earth Science Proposal Funding Rate for Selected Topics (1999-2007) 90% 1999-2001 80% 70% 2002-2004 2005-2007 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF BIIS Funding Trends Total Amount of Available Award Money Student Support Available in the Geosciences (2006-2009) $3,000,000 Graduate Undergraduate $2,500,000 $2,000,000 $1,500,000 $2,365,761 $2,416,213 $2,560,434 $182,445 $212,255 $224,141 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 $1,000,000 $500,000 $0 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program Student Support in the Geosciences by Sector (2007-2008) General Geoscience 47% Field mapping/ camp 18% Other specialties 1% Paleontology 1% Geophysics 17% Mining 8% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program Petroleum 8% Value of NSF Graduate Fellowships Earned by Geoscience Students (2005-2007) Millions of dollars $1,600,000 $1,400,000 $1,200,000 $1,000,000 $800,000 $600,000 $400,000 $200,000 $0 2005 2006 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program 2007 Status of the Geoscience Workforce 2009 Chapter 3: Geoscience Employment Sectors Percentage of Students with a Positive Attitude about Specific Industry Attitudes of Students with Geoscience Bachelor Degrees (2006) 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program Student Graduates within 1 year Graduates beyond 1 year Percentage of Students with a Positive Attitude about Specific Industry Attitudes of Students with Geoscience Master's Degrees (2006) 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program Student Graduates within 1 year Graduates beyond 1 year Percentage of Students with a Positive Attitude about Specific Industry Attitudes of Students with Geoscience Doctoral Degrees (2006) 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program Student Graduates within 1 year Graduates beyond 1 year Percentage of Graduates in Sector Employment Sectors of Recent Geoscience Master's & Ph.D. Graduates (2006) 80% Master's 67% 70% Ph.D. 60% 50% 50% 40% 30% 24% 20% 22% 18% 11% 10% 3% 3% 0% Academia Government Private Sector Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience Ph.D.'s (2006) ; AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience Master's (2006). Non-Profit / Other Percentage of Graduates in Sector Employment Sectors of Recent Geoscience Master's Graduates (2006) 25% 21% 20% 20% 15% 10% 5% 9% 9% 6% 5% 9% 7% 4% 6% 0% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program,data derived AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience Master's (2006). 2% 3% Percentage of Graduates in Sector Employment Sectors of Recent Geoscience Ph.D. Graduates (2006) 60% 50% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 14% 14% 3% 2% 1% 1% 3% 2% 5% 0% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience Ph.D.'s (2006). 1% 3% Percent of Geoscience Ph.D. Recipients Employment Sectors of New Geoscience Ph.D.s (1996-2006) 50% 45% Academia (PD) 40% Academia (non PD) 35% Government (PD) 30% 25% Government (non PD) 20% Industry (PD) 15% Industry (non PD) 10% Non-profit (PD) 5% Non-profit (non PD) 0% 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience PhDs, Class of 2006. PD : Postdoctoral Position non PD: non-Postdoctoral Position Knowlege & Skills Used by New Geoscience Master's and Ph.D.'s (2006) Percent of Degree Recipients 100% 90% 92% 86% 85% 80% 70% 70% 60% Master's 85% Ph.D.'s 82% 75% 75% 65% 49% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Cognitive Skills Technical Skills Research Field Broad Knowledge of Management Skills Geoscience Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program,data derived from AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience Ph.D.'s (2006) ; AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience Master's (2006). Percent of All Environmental Scientists and Geoscientists Women in Environmental Science and Geoscience Jobs (2003-2006) 35% 29.9% 29.8% 30% 27.3% 25% 22.5% 22.0% 2005 2006 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 2003 2004 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 2007 Percent of All Environmental Scientists and Geoscientists Minorities in Environmental Science and Geoscience Jobs (2003-2007) 10% 9% 1.5% 8% 7% 3.9% 1.9% 1.0% 6% Asian 3.4% 2.3% 0.3% 5% 3.2% African American 3.0% 4% 1.8% 3% 5.4% 5.1% 2% 3.1% 3.2% 2.9% 2005 2006 1% 0% 2003 2004 Hispanic 2007 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Geoscientist Age Demographics by Membership Society (2008) 30% Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) 25% Percent of Workforce Economic Geologists (SEG) Hydrologists (NGWA) 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 30 and under 31-40 41-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 Age Group Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data provided by the Society of Exploration Geophysicists, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Society of Economic Geologists, and the National Ground Water Association 70 and over Age Distribution of Environmental Engineers in Government (2003-2007) Percent of Environmental Engineers 25% 2003 20% 2005 2007 15% 10% 5% 0% < 30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+ Age Group Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the Office of Personnel Management fedscope database Age Distribution of Mining Engineers in Government (2003-2007) Percent of Mining Engineers 40% 2003 35% 2005 30% 2007 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% <30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+ Age Group Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the Office of Personnel Management fedscope database Age Distribution of Petroleum Engineers in Government (2003-2007) Percent of Petroleum Engineers 30% 2003 25% 2005 20% 2007 15% 10% 5% 0% <30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+ Age Group Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the Office of Personnel Management fedscope database Age Distribution of Geophysicists in Government (2003-2007) Percent of Geophysicists 25% 2003 20% 2005 15% 2007 10% 5% 0% <30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+ Age Group Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the Office of Personnel Management fedscope database Age Distribution of Hydrologists in Government (2003-2007) Percent of Hydrologists 25% 2003 2005 20% 2007 15% 10% 5% 0% <30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+ Age Group Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the Office of Personnel Management fedscope database Percent of Meteorologists Age Distribution of Meteorologists in Government (2003-2007) 18% 2003 16% 2005 14% 2007 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% <30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+ Age Group Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the Office of Personnel Management fedscope database Age Distribution of Geologists in Government (2003-2007) 30% 2003 2005 Percent of Geologists 25% 2007 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% <30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+ Age Group Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the Office of Personnel Management fedscope database Age Distribution of Oceanographers in Government (2003-2007) 25% Percent of Oceanographers 2003 2005 20% 2007 15% 10% 5% 0% <30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+ Age Group Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the Office of Personnel Management fedscope database Age Distribution of Geoscientists at the USGS (2003-2007) Percent of Geoscientists 30% 2003 2005 25% 2007 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% <30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+ Age Group Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the Office of Personnel Management fedscope database Number of Geoscientists Age Demographics of Geoscientists in the Oil & Gas Industry (2008) 30 40 50 Age Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program 60 70 Number of Geoscientists Oil & Gas Industry Demand for Geoscientists (1995-2030) 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 Total Demand Current Workforce Current Workforce + US New Entries Current Workforce with US & non-US new entries Source: AGI Geoscience Workf orce Program Age Demographics of the Mining Industry (Except Oil & Gas Extraction) (2008) Percent of Workforce 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% under 25 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65 + Age Group Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the National Mining Association Age Demographics of the Support Activities for Mining and Oil & Gas Industry (2008) Percent of Workforce 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% under 25 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65 + Age Group Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the National Mining Association Number of Geoscience Faculty by Age (2008) 160 Assistant Professor Associate Professor 140 Professor Emeritus 100 80 60 40 20 0 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 Number of Faculty 120 Age Status of the Geoscience Workforce 2009 Chapter 4: Geoscience Economic Indicators Percent of Total Federal Research Funding Applied to the Geosciences (1970-2007) 14% 12% 10% Applied Research Basic Research Total Research 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development Total Federal Funding of the Geosciences (1970-2005) $4.0 $3.5 50% $3.0 40% $2.5 30% $2.0 $1.5 20% $1.0 10% $0.5 $0.0 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 0% All Geosciences ($ USD) Geological sciences (%) Interdisciplinary Geosciences (%) Atmospheric sciences (%) Oceanography (%) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development Billions of dollars Percent of Geoscience Funding 60% Federal Funding of Basic Research in the Geosciences (1970-2005) $2.5 50% $2.0 40% $1.5 30% $1.0 20% $0.5 10% $0.0 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 0% All Geosciences ($ USD) Geological sciences (%) Interdisciplinary Geosciences (%) Atmospheric sciences (%) Oceanography (%) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development Billions of dollars Percent of Geoscience Funding 60% Federal Funding of Applied Research in the Geosciences (1970-2005) $2.0 $1.8 50% $1.6 $1.4 40% $1.2 30% $1.0 $0.8 20% $0.6 $0.4 10% $0.2 $0.0 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 0% All Geosciences ($ USD) Geological sciences (%) Interdisciplinary Geosciences (%) Atmospheric sciences (%) Oceanography (%) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development Billions of dollars Percent of Geoscience Funding 60% 100% $25 90% 80% $20 70% 60% $15 50% 40% $10 30% 20% Millions of dollars Percent of Geoscience Funding Geoscience Research Funding from the Department of Agriculture (1970-2005) $5 10% 0% $0 Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Geological science (%) Interdisciplinary Science (%) Atmospheric science (%) Oceanography (%) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development 80% $500 70% $450 $400 60% $350 50% $300 40% $250 30% $200 $150 20% Millions of dollars Percent of Geoscience Funding Geoscience Research Funding from the Department of Commerce (1970-2005) $100 10% $50 0% $0 Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Geological science (%) Interdisciplinary Science (%) Atmospheric science (%) Oceanography (%) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development 80% $450 70% $400 60% $350 $300 50% $250 40% $200 30% $150 20% $100 10% $50 0% $0 Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Geological science (%) Interdisciplinary Science (%) Millions of dollars Percent of Geoscience Funding Geoscience Research Funding from the Department of Defense (1970-2005) Atmospheric science (%) Oceanography (%) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development 70% $500 $450 60% $400 50% $350 40% $300 $250 30% $200 20% $150 Millions of dollars Percent of Geoscience Funding Geoscience Research Funding from the Department of Energy (1970-2005) $100 10% $50 0% $0 Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Geological science (%) Interdisciplinary Science (%) Atmospheric science (%) Oceanography (%) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development 100% $450 90% $400 80% $350 70% $300 60% $250 50% $200 40% $150 30% 20% $100 10% $50 0% $0 Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Geological science (%) Interdisciplinary Science (%) Millions of dollars Percent of Geoscience Funding Geoscience Research Funding from the Department of Interior (1970-2005) Atmospheric science (%) Oceanography (%) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development 100% $300 90% $250 80% 70% $200 60% 50% $150 40% $100 30% 20% Millions of dollars Percent of Geoscience Funding Geoscience Research Funding from the Environmental Protection Agency (1970-2005) $50 10% 0% $0 Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Geological science (%) Interdisciplinary Science (%) Atmospheric science (%) Oceanography (%) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development 70% $1,200 60% $1,000 50% $800 40% $600 30% $400 20% $200 10% 0% $0 Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Geological science (%) Interdisciplinary Science (%) Atmospheric science (%) Oceanography (%) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development Millions of dollars Percent of Geoscience Funding Geoscience Research Funding from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (1970-2005) 50% $700 45% $600 40% 35% $500 30% $400 25% 20% $300 15% $200 10% Millions of dollars Percent of Geoscience Funding Geoscience Research Funding from the National Science Foundation (1970-2005) $100 5% 0% $0 Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Geological science (%) Interdisciplinary Science (%) Atmospheric science (%) Oceanography (%) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development Mining, extraction and support activities: Distribution of Total Company R&D (1999-2003) 100% $2.5 80% $2.0 70% 60% $1.5 50% 40% $1.0 30% 20% $0.5 10% 0% $0.0 1999 2000 Total Company R&D ($USD) 2001 2002 Research (%) 2003 Development (%) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Industry R&D Funding Billions of dollars Percent of R&D Funds 90% Price of Oil by Currency (1999-2008) $140 Price per Barrel $120 $100 $80 $60 Dollars / BBL Euros / BBL $40 BBL / oz Gold $20 $0 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from EIA, OANDA, econostats.com, kitco.com Commodity Price Indices (1998-2008) 300 Fuel (energy) Price Index Metals Price Index Index Value 250 Food Price Index Beverage Price Index 200 150 100 50 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from indexmundi.com Jul-08 Feb-08 Sep-07 Apr-07 Nov-06 Jun-06 Jan-06 Aug-05 Mar-05 Oct-04 May-04 Dec-03 Jul-03 Feb-03 Sep-02 Apr-02 Nov-01 Jun-01 Jan-01 Aug-00 Mar-00 Oct-99 May-99 Dec-98 0 $60,000 $140 $50,000 $120 $100 $40,000 $80 $30,000 $60 $20,000 $40 $10,000 $20 Dollars per Barrel Dollars per metric ton Commodity Prices (1998-2008) Aluminum Tin Zinc Uranium Copper Lead Nickel Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from indexmundi.com Jul-08 Feb-08 Sep-07 Apr-07 Nov-06 Jun-06 Jan-06 Aug-05 Mar-05 Oct-04 May-04 Dec-03 Jul-03 Feb-03 Sep-02 Apr-02 Nov-01 Jun-01 Jan-01 Aug-00 Mar-00 Oct-99 May-99 $0 Dec-98 $0 Crude Oil Commodity Prices (1998-2008) $10,000 $140 $120 $8,000 $7,000 $100 $6,000 $80 $5,000 $4,000 $60 $3,000 $40 $2,000 $20 $1,000 Dollars per Barrel Dollars per metric ton $9,000 Aluminum Zinc Uranium Copper Lead Crude Oil Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from indexmundi.com Jul-08 Feb-08 Sep-07 Apr-07 Nov-06 Jun-06 Jan-06 Aug-05 Mar-05 Oct-04 May-04 Dec-03 Jul-03 Feb-03 Sep-02 Apr-02 Nov-01 Jun-01 Jan-01 Aug-00 Mar-00 Oct-99 May-99 $0 Dec-98 $0 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from indexmundi.com Jul-08 Feb-08 Sep-07 Apr-07 Nov-06 Jun-06 Jan-06 Aug-05 Mar-05 Oct-04 May-04 Dec-03 Jul-03 Feb-03 Sep-02 Apr-02 Nov-01 Jun-01 Jan-01 Aug-00 Mar-00 Oct-99 May-99 Dec-98 Dollars per metric ton $160 $140 $140 $120 $120 $100 $100 $80 $80 $60 $60 $40 $40 $20 $20 $0 $0 Dollars per Barrel Commodity Prices (1998-2008) Uranium Crude Oil $1,200 $140 $1,000 $120 Soybeans Wheat Barley $100 $800 $80 $600 $60 $400 $40 $200 $20 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from indexmundi.com Jul-08 Feb-08 Sep-07 Apr-07 Nov-06 Jun-06 Jan-06 Aug-05 Mar-05 Oct-04 May-04 Dec-03 Jul-03 Feb-03 Sep-02 Apr-02 Nov-01 Jun-01 Jan-01 Aug-00 Mar-00 Oct-99 May-99 $0 Dec-98 $0 Dollars per Barrel Dollars per metric ton Commodity Prices (1998-2008) Corn Rice Crude Oil Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from indexmundi.com Jul-08 Feb-08 Sep-07 Apr-07 Nov-06 Jun-06 Jan-06 Aug-05 Mar-05 Oct-04 May-04 Dec-03 Jul-03 Feb-03 Sep-02 Apr-02 Nov-01 Jun-01 Jan-01 Aug-00 Mar-00 Oct-99 May-99 Dec-98 Cents per pound 160 $140 140 $120 120 $100 100 $80 80 60 $60 40 $40 20 $20 0 $0 Dollars per Barrel Commodity Prices (1998-2008) Beef Pork Crude Oil Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from indexmundi.com Jul-08 Feb-08 Sep-07 Apr-07 Nov-06 Jun-06 Jan-06 Aug-05 Mar-05 Oct-04 May-04 Dec-03 Jul-03 Feb-03 Sep-02 Apr-02 Nov-01 Jun-01 Jan-01 Aug-00 Mar-00 Oct-99 May-99 Dec-98 Dollars per cubic meter $400 $100 $80 $300 $60 $200 $40 $100 $20 $0 $0 Dollars per Barrel Commodity Prices (1998-2008) $600 $140 Natural Gas $500 $120 Crude Oil Commoditiy Ouput by Value (1998-2006) Billions of current dollars $250 $200 $150 $100 $50 $0 1998 1999 Oil & gas extraction 2000 2001 2002 Mining (except oil & gas) 2003 2004 2005 2006 Support activities for mining and oil & gas Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Gross Operating Surplus (1998-2006) $140 Billions of dollars $120 $100 $80 $60 $40 $20 $0 1998 1999 Oil & gas extraction 2000 2001 2002 Mining (except oil & gas) 2003 2004 2005 2006 Support activities for mining and oil & gas Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Billions of dollars Taxes on Production and Imports (1998-2006) $18 $16 $14 $12 $10 $8 $6 $4 $2 $0 1998 1999 Oil & gas extraction 2000 2001 2002 Mining (except oil & gas) 2003 2004 2005 2006 Support activities for mining and oil & gas Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Profit Margins of Major and Independent Energy Companies (2002-2008) 18% 16% Profit Margin 14% 12% Independents 10% 8% Majors 6% 4% 2% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from Energy Information Administration 2008 Q1 2007 Q4 2007 Q3 2007 Q2 2007 Q1 2006 Q4 2006 Q3 2006 Q2 2006 Q1 2005 Q4 2005 Q3 2005 Q2 2005 Q1 2004 Q4 2004 Q3 2004 Q2 2004 Q1 2003 Q4 2003 Q3 2003 Q2 2003 Q1 2002 Q4 2002 Q3 2002 Q2 2002 Q1 0% $26.0 $24.0 $22.0 $20.0 $18.0 $16.0 $14.0 $12.0 $10.0 $8.0 $6.0 $4.0 $2.0 $0.0 2002 2006 Mining, except oil & gas Information services Manufacturing Waste management services State and local government Transportation Utilities Federal government Professional, scientific, and technical services Finance & insurance Environmental remediation / Geotechnical General Industry 2016 (projected) Oil & gas extraction Billions of dollars Geoscience Contribution of Industry GDP (2002 - 2016) Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from U.S .Bureau of Economic Analysis, US Bureau of Labor Statistics, and AGI's Directory of Geoscience Departments U.S. Rotary Rig Counts (1990-2008) Number of Rotary Rigs 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from Baker Hughes Rigs by Location (1990-2007) 1,800 Onshore 1,600 Offshore Number of Rigs 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from Baker Hughes Rigs by Type (1990-2007) 1,600 1,400 Crude Oil Natural Gas Number of Rigs 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from Baker Hughes Percent Change since 1990 160% 140% 120% Percent Change in Drilling (1991-2008) Total Wells Drilled Total Footage Average Depth 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% -20% -40% -60% Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from Energy Information Association Number of U.S. Mines (1994-2006) 16,000 14,000 1,000 12,000 800 10,000 600 8,000 6,000 400 4,000 200 2,000 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 0 1994 0 Metal Ore Industrial Minerals (excluding Sand, Gravel, and Stone) Sand, Gravel, and Stone Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from USGS Mining & Quarrying Trends Number of Sand, Gravel, and Stone Mines Number of Metal Ore Mines and Industrial Mineral Mines 1,200 Material Handled (1994-2006) Million metric tons 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Industrial Minerals (excluding sand, gravel and stone) Metal Ore Sand, gravel, and stone Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from USGS, Mining and Quarrying Trends Million metric tons 2,500 Mine Waste (1994-2006) 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Industrial Minerals (excluding sand, gravel and stone) Metal Ore Sand, gravel, and stone Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from USGS, Mining and Quarrying Trends 0.70 Mine Waste : Materials Handled (1994-2006) 0.60 Ratio 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Industrial Minerals (excluding sand, gravel and stone) Metal Ore Sand, gravel, and stone Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from USGS, Mining and Quarrying Trends Total U.S. Non-fuel Mineral Production (1992-2006) Billions of dollars $25.0 $20.0 $15.0 $10.0 $5.0 $0.0 Metals Industrial minerals (excluding sand, gravel, and stone) Sand, gravel, and stone Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from USGS Minerals Yearbook $14 $120 $12 $100 $10 $8 $6 $4 $80 $60 $40 $2 $20 $0 $0 Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from Google Finance, (12/18/2008) Billions of dollars Billions of dollars Market Capitalization of Geoscience Industries (2008)