Transcript Lesson Objective: To be able to put forward a clear and plausible argument.

Lesson Objective:
To be able to put forward a clear and
plausible argument
The 6 parts of a speech:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Introduction – grab the audiences attention, establish yourself as an
authority figure – Your ETHOS appeal
Narration - You clearly state the area of the argument / topic and set out
the facts of the case as generally understood
Division – this is where you can say what you and your opponents agree
about, and the areas where you disagree
Proof – Set out the arguments supporting your case – Your LOGOS
Refutation – this is where you consider what the opposition would say
and smash their side of the argument into tiny pieces
Conclusion – sum up all that has been said – reiterating the main points
– this is where the PATHOS will come into play the most
• Narration - You clearly state the area of the
argument / topic and set out the facts of the
case as generally understood. It needs to be
concise, clear and plausible. It’s the who,
what, when and where
• Division – this is where you can say what you
and your opponents agree about, and the
areas where you disagree
Narration
• Filling in the audience – giving them the information they need to understand
your argument / speech – the WHO, WHAT, WHERE and WHEN
• You frame the terms of the debate / topic – defining key terms (the last thing
you want is a whole speech given to an audience who are in the dark as to
what you are talking about)
• It’s good to simplify the debate / argument by reducing it to A vs B
“You’re either with us, or you’re with the terrorists”
DIVISION
• In Division, you start by summarising the obvious points of
agreement, then set out the points that are at issue
• Whatever your topic or argument, you can find a common
ground that both sides will agree on.
– Example – the Labour party and the Government both AGREE that
there is a RECESSION
– The Government say we should make CUTS to get us out of the
recession
– The Labour party say we should SPEND money to get us out of the
recession
Have a go….
Write the opening section of a speech. Include
the following:
The topic for your argument is:
ETHOS
Privacy rules for the Royal Family. You are
arguing FOR extra laws to prevent journalists
Narration
from invading the Royals’ privacy.
Division
- What is the common ground that everyone
-
would agree with?
What are the main differences of opinion
What is your strongest point FOR the
argument
Public Speaking Lesson 7
Lesson Objective:
To explore the ways in which you can
put forward your ‘PROOF’ and
‘REFUTATION’
Proof (LOGOS)
Which of these statements sounds more convincing and logical?
- The Green School is a great school
- The latest Ofsted report judged The Green School as outstanding
When speaking in public you have to appeal to your audience.
You need to find common ground.
One thing that humans as a whole don’t like is change or anything new!
Therefore when speaking in public you can refer to the past and stories
that the audience will be familiar with.
For example – the statement above is more appealing because most of
the audience (if not ALL) would be familiar with Ofsted and be aware
that it is the authority on education
Refutation
• This is where you disprove your opponent’s argument
• This can be done before your own ‘proof’ is delivered –
especially if your own argument is weak.
The world is full of cases where both sides of an argument are correct, or where both are
wrong. Your task is to make it look like they are mutually exclusive.
Making your argument have an opposite is very effective:
Down with TUITION FEES! Up with OPPORTUNITY!
Debate = find your partner
• You will be given a debate topic with a particular viewpoint
• There is someone in the room with an opposing viewpoint
• Find your partner by going round the room and asking people what their
views are!
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Eating meat is murder
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Mobile phones being used in the
classroom aides teaching and learning
If you can get married when you are 16
then you should be entitled to vote at
16
The journalists who were involved in
the hacking scandal should be put in jail
for their crimes
Students in European countries wear
their own clothes to school
Teaching politics in schools should be
compulsory so that young people
understand what they are voting for
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If an animal is already dead then eating
it is morally acceptable
If mobile phones were used in the
classroom then they would be used
inappropriately
The voting age is 18 because before you
are 18 you are dependant on your
parents/guardians
Journalists only hack into people’s
phones and emails if it is in the public’s
interest
If students aren’t wearing school
uniform then they won’t work as hard
If politics is taught in school there is the
risk that teachers will impose their
political views onto students
As a pair
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Take one of the viewpoints and use it as
a POINT
Eg. Eating meat is murder
Eg. Many of you probably have eaten
meat in the course of your day. But let
me tell you this. Meat is Murder.
I know a lot of you will disagree, and
say that it’s human nature and goes
back to the time of cavemen.
But to that, I say, we’ve moved on!
Eating meat is neither civilised or
respectful; it is in fact primitive just like
those cavemen.
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Now, together, expand on that one
point by using Proof and Refutation
Alongside those techniques make
your argument sophisticated by using
persuasive techniques such as:
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Alliteration
Repetition
Similes
Exaggeration
Interrogative sentences (questions)
Declarative sentences (statements)
Emotive language
Slogans
Short, snappy sentences for effect
Link your opening and your ending