Transcript Life After Vouchers: Expansion, Accountability & Outcomes Part I: Challenges Moving Forward.

Life After Vouchers: Expansion,
Accountability & Outcomes
Part I: Challenges Moving Forward
In General, Wisconsin Schools
are High Performing…
Accountability Rating for Wisconsin Schools
Nearly 9 out of 10
(86%) rated schools
meet expectations
or better.*
49%
Exceeds Expectations
Meets Expectations
34%
10%
3%
Only 4% fail to
meet expectations.
*Excludes schools that did not receive a rating.
Significant Exceeds
Expectations
4%
Meets Some
Expectations
Fails to Meet
Expectations
Wisconsin Schools are High Performing
2013-13 District & School Report Cards
Schools
Districts
Almost all districts meet or
exceed expectations.*
Nearly 9 out of 10 (88%) rated schools
meet or exceed expectations.*
693
36%
904
47%
86
5%
58
3%
169
9%
Significant Exceeds Expectations
134
32%
9
2%
269
64%
1
0% 10
2%
Significant Exceeds Expectations
Exceeds Expectations
Exceeds Expectations
Meets Expectations
Meets Expectations
Meets Few Expectations
Meets Few Expectations
Fails to Meet Expectations
Fails to Meet Expectations
*Excludes schools that did not receive a rating.
But Poverty is Growing in WI…
Change in Free & Reduced Lunch (2001-2012)
Wisconsin
FRL Rate
Doubles
2001: 21%
2012: 43%
In many rural
districts, more
than half the
students are
eligible for
free-andreduce lunch.
Source: Wisconsin Department
of Public Instruction. School
Finance Maps.
http://dpi.wi.gov/sfs/maps.html
And is a Particular Challenge
for Rural Districts
Free & Reduced Price Lunch
Declining Enrollment
Moreover, Poverty Impacts Student
Performance
HIGH-poverty,
LOW-performing schools
LOW-poverty,
HIGH-performing
schools
Avg. FRL
There is a very strong
correlation between poverty
and school performance.
Wisconsin is Increasingly Diverse…
Proportions of Students of Color in Wisconsin
(1997-2019)
0.16
0.14
0.12
Black, 0.094
0.1
0.08
0.06
Hispanic, 0.033
0.04
Asian, 0.028
0.02
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
year
Native American,
0.013
Source: Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction & University of Wisconsin –Madison, Applied Population Laboratory.
Raw Data Source: National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) 2009. http://nces.ed.gov/
0
Population Proportion
0.18
But Students of Color are More Likely to
Attend a Low-Performing School
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Fails to Meet
Expectations
Meets Few
Expectations
% Amer. Ind.
% Asian
Meets
Expectations
% Black
Exceeds
Expectations
% Hispanic
Significantly
Exceeds
Expectations
% White
So, What Should We Do?
Longer School Day
More Money
Flexibility
State Intervention
Bottom Line
How do we equip our successful,
schools to do even better in an
increasingly competitive world?
And how do we improve our
struggling schools to ensure no
child is left behind, particularly
in rural areas?
Part II. The State Budget &
Education Funding
School Funding – Simplified!
Outside the Revenue Limit
Categorical
Aid
Revenue
Limit
Federal
Funds
State
Equalization
Aid
Other
Revenue
Property Tax
Levy
Revenue Limits Have Been Cut…
Change in Per-Pupil Revenue Over Time
$400
$300
$200
$100
$0
($100)
($200)
($300)
($400)
($500)
($600)
"Psuedo-General" Categorical Aid
Revenue Limit Change
Percentage Share of State General Fund Budget
Shrinking Share of the General Fund
45
43.1
39.8 40.1 39.3
38.1 37.6 37.3 37.1
40
34.1 33.1
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
4.3
2003-04
3.9
2004-05
3.7
2005-06
3.5
2006-07
School Aids
4.3
2007-08
4.7
2008-09
6.1
2009-10
6.2
2010-11
6.2
2011-12
School Levy/First Dollar Tax Credit
6.0
2012-13
Significant Staff Reductions
Teachers
400
200
0
-200
-400
-600
-800
-1000
-1200
-1400
-1600
-1800
Aides
Administrators
Support Staff
215
26
-43
-153
-175
-130
-355
-599
-690
-785
-812
-1,676
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
Wisconsin schools cut more than 3,000 educators
during the Great Recession.
And Categorical Aid
Reimbursement Rates Have Fallen
Reimbursement
rates for
special education
(36% to 26%) and
bilingual-bicultural
(18% to 8%)
services have
dropped 10
percentage points
since 2000-01.
In the Last Budget, Voucher Schools
got the Biggest Increase…
Per-Pupil Revenue Increase by School Type
$1,414
$2,000
$1,800
$1,600
$1,400
$1,200
$1,000
$800
$600
$400
$200
$-
$768
$300
($150 Cat. Aid)
Public Schools
$300
Ind. Charter
Voucher Schools
Public schools also get a $75 per student categorical aid for all kids.
Although, Voucher Schools Get Less
Than Public Schools (But Getting Closer)
Total Per-Pupil Revenue by School Type
$7,856
$8,050
$6,442
Public
Schools
$7,750
$8,000
$6,000
$4,000
$2,000
$-
$10,200
$10,000
$10,350
$12,000
2013-15
2011-13
Ind. Charters
Voucher
Schools
Bottom Line
On Average, the State funds 61% of
the cost for public school students.
However, the State pays 100% of
the cost of the statewide voucher
and independent charter students.
Part III. Vouchers, Charters, and
Virtual Schools, Oh My!
Most Kids Attend Public School
Total Enrollment (2012-13)
Public Schools: 875,000
Private Schools: 120,000
83%
Public Schools
(822,500)
Public School
Open Enrollment
(41,500)
4%
2%
10%
Wisconsin enrolls about
5,000 students in
Virtual Charter Schools
(district and open enrollment)
Private School
(Tuition-Paying)
(98,000)
1%
Public Independent
Charter Schools (7,500)
Private School
Vouchers
(25,000)
But Voucher Enrollment
Grows Over Time
341
In 1998, the State
Supreme Court
ruled that religious
schools could
participate in the
voucher program.
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14…
2014-15…
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
-
In 1991-92, the Voucher Program cost
In 2014-15, the Voucher Program will cost:
$733,800
$208,656,000
Private School Choice Programs
2013-14
Estimates
FTE
Students
Milwaukee
MPCP
25,500
Racine
RPCP
Wisconsin
WPCP
Enrollment Restriction
Costs
•
•
•
•
300% Federal Poverty ($70,947 family of four)
No enrollment cap;
Only students from Milwaukee
61.6% State funded; 38.4% Local funded
$164.3
million
750
•
•
•
•
300% Federal Poverty ($70,947 family of four)
No enrollment cap;
Only students from Racine
100% State funded
$4.8 million
500
•
•
•
•
185% Federal Poverty ($43,752 family of four)
Enrollment cap: 500 in 2012-13; 1,000 in 2013-14
No students from Milwaukee or Racine
100% State funded
$3.2 million
Over Time, almost All the Students in a
Voucher School are Publicly-Funded
In 2012-13, 78% of students
enrolled in any given choice
school participated in MPCP.
• 1/5 of choice schools were 100%
choice students;
• 1/2 of choice schools were 95% or
more choice students;
• 3/4 of choice schools were 68% or
more choice students.
And Most Statewide Voucher Students
Came From Private Schools
Statewide Choice Program Enrollment:
Sales
12 22
2% 4% 1
0%
1,393
67%
371
73%
3/4th of the students were already
enrolled in private schools
Public
Private
Homeschool
No School
Out-of-State
Overall, Students in Milwaukee
Continue to Struggle
2011-12 Wisconsin Student Assessment Scores
(Using the new college & career ready standards)
50%
48.2%
45%
40%
35%
35.8%
30%
30.9%
29.9%
25%
20%
20.5%
15%
10%
19.7%
16.6%
14.0%
12.0%
9.9%
5%
0%
Reading Proficient/Advanced %
MPCP (Voucher)
MPS (All students)
Mathematics Proficient/Advanced %
Independent Charters
State (All)
State (Econ Disad)
Note: All students, rather than full academic year (FAY) students are shown for comparison purposes. While
FAY data is usually used for accountability purposes, it is not available for choice schools.
Bottom Line
For 20 years, the voucher program in
Milwaukee has increased educational
options, but not student achievement.
How does further expanding this
program statewide make sense,
given the existing fiscal challenges?