Challenges in Ubiquitous Computing Patrick Malatack Today’s Readings Charting Past, Present, and Future Research in Ubiquitous Computing by Gregory Abowd and Elizabeth Mynatt
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Challenges in Ubiquitous Computing Patrick Malatack Today’s Readings Charting Past, Present, and Future Research in Ubiquitous Computing by Gregory Abowd and Elizabeth Mynatt The Origins of Ubiquitous Computing Research at PARC in the Late 1980s by Mark Weiser, Rich Gold, John Seely Brown Some Computer Science Issues in Ubiquitous Computing by Mark Weiser Charting Past, Present, and Future Research in Ubiquitous Computing Natural interfaces Context-aware applications Automated capture and access Continuous interaction Privacy Security Visibility Control Computing with Natural Interfaces Ubicomp inspires off the desktop applications Needs off the desktop means of interaction Speech, gestures, writing More accessible Easier to use??? QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Problems with Natural Interfaces First Class Data Types Keyboard and mouse Characters and x,y coords Most natural interfaces try to convert to first class type Pen to text, speech to text Current Research is working with freeform input as a primitive. Need to find other ways of structuring input What other problems does creating new primitive types impose Development issues Problems with Natural Interfaces Error Prone Interaction Permit new and numerous mistakes People do not have perfect recognition People don’t recognize increases in accuracy Needs to be 5-10% to be recognized Three areas Error Reduction Error Discovery Reusable toolkit for error handling Questions about Natural Interfaces Can we ever capture subtleties of natural human communication?? What different natural interfaces might exist?? Nintendo Wii Trauma Center, Wii Sports iPhone How is accidental communication handled? StarTrek “Computer:play music” Why do developers want to build apps for these interactions? More errors, more edge cases Context Aware Computing Current Systems Generally using position and identification of objects Still do not provide a complete context Definition of context is limited Research Areas Context Toolkits Toolkit for sensing environment Explicit use of sensed information is up to program What is Context? How is Context represented? What is Context? Who Currently generally tailored to one user How important are others in determining our behavior How could this be captured? What Attempt to figure out what is currently happening Sense environment, use calendar software etc. What is the cost of the wrong guess? TiVo Problem Where Location based information GPS Most explored of context information When Easily obtained information - Computer good a remembering time Although determining when one event stops and another begins is not easy Why Even harder than the “what” question, biometric sensors might help Other Problems with Context How do computers represent context No universal context schemes, toolkits must be developed with standard context representations Context may contain a lot of information with only a few pieces relevant for determining context. Context Sensing and Fusion Sensors are not as flexible as human sensors Right sensor for right job Use multiple sensors in parallel to offset noise Bit of a chicken-and-egg problem How do you know when to switch sensor? Use context Automated Capture and Access Recording information and data as it occurs Computers are inherently good at recording, people are not People freed up to summarize and understand Most work in academic/ classroom settings Time stamping lectures, digital whiteboards Challenges in capture and access Sometime we don’t know we want to capture something until after its already happened How could the computer know that? If it captures everything then we need a system of sorting and filtering (access) Gmail Problem Access is a problem because capturing of raw data can be burdensome for sifting through…systems need to recognize important events facilitate access Challenges Everyday Computing No clear beginning and end Both fundamental activities like communication and Long-term endeavors do not have predefined starts and ends Traditional HCI deals with transition users from current state to a goal state Not necessarily a goal state Interruptions People are constantly interrupted Constantly on computer systems must recognize interruption and change state Also computers must appropriately interrupt users Concurrency People multitask and rapidly switch task based on external unpredictable environment Systems need to adapt to this opportunistic behavior and change accordingly Research in Everyday computing Continuously present interface No current model of continuously present interfaces, even people are not continuously present Create an interface that doesn’t get annoying Determine what information should require my attention and what should be display peripherally Comfort and style If constantly worn or carried must be stylish and comfortable Other Challenges for Ubicomp Hard to evaluate Ubicomp Systems Little publish on ubicomp evaluation Systems often required to be fully connected leading to systems that are hard to build Lack of development toolkits make system creation difficult Systems often need to be integrated into peoples lives which using big clunky prototypes does not lead itself well too Task/Goal centric approaches don’t work in ubicomp Social issues in Ubicomp Privacy Potential for misuse How should users be informed of computer monitoring (Don’t be invisible??) Is it ok to give up this privacy in some settings, healthcare Do we give the hackers too much power Security Constant monitoring take away personal responsibility What happens if I lose my data Killer App in Ubicomp Article talked about Ubicomp as killer existence rather than just killer app That said killer apps like spreadsheets and word processing drove desktop proliferation Does Ubicomp need a killer app to spur is adoption? Where would such a killer app come from? Business setting or home users