Transcript http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html REACTIONS of PHOTOSYNTHESIS 8-2 http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG REMEMBER BIO 1 http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm Atoms are the basic unit of MATTER: A NUCLEUS contains ______________ ______________ ______________ orbit nucleus in ENERGY LEVELS.

http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html
REACTIONS of
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
8-2
http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG
REMEMBER BIO 1
http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm
Atoms are
the basic unit of MATTER:
A NUCLEUS contains
______________
______________
______________
orbit nucleus in
ENERGY LEVELS
Atoms differ in numbers of
protons, neutrons, & electrons
Image from: http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/summer2004/lect02.htm
Atoms that have
gained or lost
electrons have an
electric charge and
are called
__________
They are written
with a + or –
next to their
symbol
Na
Cl
Atoms/ions important for
living things
1.____________
2.____________
3.____________
4.____________
5.____________
6.____________
ATOMS CAN JOIN TOGETHER
TO MAKE MOLECULES
Ex:
Joining 2 HYDROGEN
atoms with 1 OXYGEN atom
makes ________
A chemical formula tells what kind of
molecules and how many are in a molecule
EX: ________
Image by: Riedell
________________ = kind of
chemical reaction in which molecules
are produced by joining smaller
molecules together
2 H2 + O2
Hydrogen molecule
→
2 H20
oxygen molecule
2 water molecules
An chemical equation tells what happens in
a chemical reaction when molecules
interact.
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H20
→
______________
Molecules that react
http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif
_______________
Molecules that are
produced
Chemical reactions need help
to get started
EX: A fire needs a match to get it started.
IT’S LIKE PUSHING A
SNOWBALL UP A HILL . . .
Once you get it up there,
it can roll down by itself
http://www.chuckwagondiner.com/art/matches.jpg
http://plato.acadiau.ca/COURSES/comm/g5/Fire_Animation.gif
http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/saunders/courses/online/SBI3C/Cells/Protein-Structure03.jpg
In living systems
___________ called
__________ help
chemical reactions
happen.
SEE ANIMATION
of AMYLASE
Image from: http://www.hillstrath.on.ca/moffatt/bio3a/digestive/enzanim.htm
PROTEINS ACT AS ENZYMES
ENZYMES fit together with
_____________ (reactants) like a
lock and key to form an
____________________________.
__________are released
and enzyme is free to
help again
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/enzyme_.gif
See a video about ENZYME REACTIONS 2D
Many enzyme NAMES end in _____
and the beginning of the name tells
what it does
DNA Polymerase= “polymerizes”
joins monomers to make DNA
Protease=
breaks down proteins
ATP synthase= synthesizes ATP
Research into PHOTOSYNTHESIS
began centuries ago with this
simple question:
When a tiny seed grows into a
huge plant, where does all the
“new plant” come from?
http://www.nofretete-page.de/gemischtNeu/TN_plant_grow_w.JPG
EXPERIMENTS TO FIND OUT
In 1643a Belgian physician
___________________ determined
the mass of a pot of dry soil
and a small seedling.
Then he planted the seedling in the pot and watered
it regularly. At the end of 5 years the _____________
__________about 75 kg, but the mass of the
_________ was almost ________________.
He decided the “increase in plant” had to come from
the ________… that was the only thing he had added!
http://www2.nsta.org/Energy/find/primer/primer2_3.html
EXPERIMENTS TO FIND OUT
Van Helmont didn’t realize
the major contribution to
the mass of his tree
was something he
couldn’t see…
__________________ from the air.
Plants use _______ and ______ dioxide
to make ___________________
http://www2.nsta.org/Energy/find/primer/primer2_3.html
EXPERIMENTS TO FIND OUT
1771- An English minister,
_________________________,
discovered that a flame burning
in a closed jar would die out.
http://www2.nsta.org/Energy/find/primer/primer2_7.html
http://www2.nsta.org/Energy/find/primer/primer2_8.html
If he placed a __________ in the
jar and allowed a few days to
pass, the candle could be lit again.
The plant produced something
“required for burning” that the candle used up
We now know it was …____________
EXPERIMENTS TO FIND OUT
1779Dutch scientist ________________________
showed Priestley’s plant experiment only
worked if the plant was exposed to
_________________ !
http://www.rgg.og.schule-bw.de/Dokus/d-faech/Biologie/Klasse%208/Bilder/Fotosynthese/Ingenhousz-Netz.JPG
EXPERIMENTS TO FIND OUT
http://www.bookrags.com/Melvin_Calvin
1961- American chemist
________________________
received the Nobel prize for
figuring out the
chemical _______________
used by plants to make sugar
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/Calvincycle.html
THE BIG PICTURE
These experiments led to work by later
scientists who finally discovered that in the
presence of light, plants transform CO2 and water
into carbohydrates and release oxygen.
_____________ + ____________
_____________ + ____________
_______________ + ____________
→
_______________ + ____________
In addition to water and carbon dioxide,
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255phts/255phts.htm
__________________
and
__________________
are needed for photosynthesis
to happen.
____________________ involves a
complex series of chemical reactions, in
which the product of one reaction is
_____________ by the next reaction.
Reaction 1 → Product → Reaction 2 → Product
Y
X
A series of reactions linked in this way is
referred to as a __________________________
See a video about PHOTOSYNTHESIS 8B
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Light &
Water
Light-Dependent
Reaction
oxygen
ATP
NADPH
Carbon
Dioxide
Light-Independent
Reactions
Calvin Cycle
(CH2O)n
PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Reactants & Products
LIGHT ENERGY
6CO2 + 6H2O
SUGAR + 6O2
http://son.nasa.gov/tass/images/cont_emspec2.jpg
http://www.ology.amnh.org/einstein/lightmatterenergy/light.html
Visible light is made up of many different
_______________of light
Your eyes “see”
different sizes of
waves as different
___________
http://www.simontucket.com/_Portfolio/PortLarge/L_Il_Prism.jpg
Myth:
Many people think that plants are
green because they absorb and use
green light in photosynthesis,
BUT . . . .
Image from: http://oogletutorials.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/photoshop-lesson-green-leaf-design26.gif
BUT… We “see” reflected light
Light wavelengths that are ___________
off of objects bounce back to our eyes .
That is the ___________ we “see”
Image modified from: http://www.visibledreams.net/Web/color/color_3.html
This book “looks BLUE” because the dye in
this cover _______________ of the
wavelengths of light _________ blue.
_______ light is
____________ to your eyes and it
looks BLUE
http://www.michaelhyatt.com/fromwhereisit/bluebook.jpg
The dye in this T shirt absorbs all of the
colors __________________________
Red wavelengths are
_________________ to
your eyes and the
shirt looks RED
http://jacksbear.com/shop/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=9
GO CATS!
Objects “look BLACK” because black
dye ________________ of the
wavelengths of light.
When wavelengths are absorbed so is
the_____________ of the wave.
That is why wearing a black
T-shirt in the summer feels
warmer than wearing
a white t-shirt.
http://www.eventsonline.ca/events/vowsa/black_shirt.jpg
http://www.hotstuffspas.com/pools_files/sunanim.gif
The dye in white objects
_____________
of the wavelengths of light.
____
energy is ABSORBED
LITTLE
so wearing white
clothing is “cooler”.
http://www.hotstuffspas.com/pools_files/sunanim.gif
http://www.12stitch.com/shop/images/options/Blank-White-Shirt.jpg
Which wavelengths of light are these
Flowers REFLECTING?
Images by: VanderWal
Which wavelengths of light do
these LEAVES reflect?
So green leaves
____________ the
green wavelength
of light.
Image by: VanderWal
Plants gather the sun’s energy
with light absorbing molecules
called ___________.
By: VanderWal
http://www.russianflora.com/store/images/product/custom_green_plant_35.jpg
The main energy
absorbing molecule
in green plants is
___________________
_________________
are plant pigments too.
(These look yellow,
orange, and red)
http://www.rnzih.org.nz/images/gardenimages/carrots_d.jpg
GREEN leaves have BOTH chlorophyll
AND carotenoids
__________________
but the huge amount of chlorophyll
______
the other colors
and leaves usually
look green
In ______, chlorophyll production
slows as the trees shut down and
photosynthesis stops for winter.
http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/ecology_notes_bi.htm
Then we can see the
carotinoid colors that are
usually _______ by chlorophyll
http://www.litzsinger.org/weblog/archives/email%20AutumnTrees5%20LREC%20102605.jpg
© Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing asPearson Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
There are two types of chlorophyll
__________________ & ___________________
Absorption of Light by
Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a
absorbs the
_____ & ________
wavelengths best.
Chlorophyll a
red It absorbs very
little ______ light.
© Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing asPearson Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
There are two types of chlorophyll
__________________ & ___________________
Absorption of Light by
Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll b
absorbs some
______light and
even more
_________ light.
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a
red
© Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing asPearson Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
Absorption of Light by
Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a
red
NEITHER KIND OF
CHLOROPHYLL IS
VERY GOOD AT
ABSORBING
_________ LIGHT!
http://www.russianflora.com/store/images/product/custom_green_plant_35.jpg
That’s why leaves LOOK
GREEN…..
Chlorophyll doesn’t absorb….
it ___________ GREEN light!
That’s why plant have other pigments
(like carotenoids). They help _________
some wavelengths chlorophyll _______;
so the plant can __________ of the
sun’s energy.
http://members.aol.com/diaspore/vhouse/biology/projects/photosynthesis/woida/meaning_of_light.html#question_1
© Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing asPearson Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved.
SO WHAT WAVELENGTHS ARE
BEST FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
Absorption of Light by
Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a
THE ONES
CHLOROPHYLL
ABSORBS
THE BEST
________ and
_______________
Pearson Education Inc, Pusblishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
Because light is a
form of ___________,
any molecule that
absorbs light also
___________the
energy from the light.
ENERGY & ELECTRONS
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/botany/uno/graphics/uno01pob/vrl/images/0160.gif
When chlorophyll
absorbs light, the
energy is transferred
to electrons in the
chlorophyll molecule.
HIGH ENERGY ____________
make photosynthesis work!
http://www.wjcc.k12.va.us/ROBB/Atom%20Animation%20Resources_files/image003.gif