Transcript UNECE Work Session Geneva, 11-13 September 2006 Fourth Session Item 5. Dissemination, Marketing and Use of Gender Statistics The experience of Eurostat Anatole Tokofai*, Eurostat, Labour.

UNECE Work Session
Geneva, 11-13 September 2006
Fourth Session
Item 5. Dissemination, Marketing and Use of Gender
Statistics
The experience of Eurostat
Anatole Tokofai*, Eurostat, Labour Market Unit
(*) the views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the ones of the European
Commission
Outline
• Historical perspective and review of
Gender equality policy
• Gender Statitics Currently Available
• Range of dissemination products
• Distribution channels and modalities
• Analysis of data users
• Matching dissemination tools with the
different types of users
Historical perspective
• Gender statistics historically developed
to serve the needs of policy-makers at
Community level
• Therefore, strong link with Community
gender equality policy
• Community Gender Equality policy designed to provide a
common framework co-existing with diverse national legislations,
and providing harmonisation, respect of subsidiarity principle
Review of gender equality policy
• Equal pay for equal work or (for work of
equal value) included in the initial Treaty
of Rome (1958)
• Policy actions in the 70s: Equal pay
Directive 75/117, equal treatment
Directive (76/207)
• European Court of Justice (ECJ) rulings
• Until the 1990s, gender equality policy
mainly limited to employment and work
place
Review of gender equality policy
• This was reflected in the limited scope of
gender statistics collected at Community level
• Maastricht Treaty(1993) enabled progress in
social policy, hence in gender equality policy
(e.g. health and safety at work; involvement of
social partners, reconciliation between work
and family life)
• But still limited to a large extent to the
workplace
• At global level, impact of Beijing Conf., MDGs
Review of gender equality policy
• Amsterdam Treaty (1999) extended
gender equality to all fields of action of
the Community (TEC, Articles 2, 3 & 13)
• Enabled adoption of secondary
legislation: Community Framework
Strategy on Gender Equality (20012005), to be followed by Community
Roadmap for Gender Equality (20062010)
Review of gender equality policy
• The Framework Strategy (2001-2005)
foresees: the development and
dissemination of comparable statistics on
the situation of women and men
• Adotpion of a gender mainstreaming:
integration of gender perspective into
every stage of policy processes
• Implication for Eurostat: ensure that all
statistics collected on individuals at EUlevel are disaggregated by sex
Available gender statistics
• Available databases
Demography, international migration and asylum, census
and population projection, health, labour force, Earnings,
Income and living conditions, Education, LLL, training,
Human resources in science and technology, ICT usage,
Time use surveys + ongoing work on childcare, crime
and victimisation, VAW
• Structural indicators (pre-defined tables):
Employment growth, Average exit age from labour force,
gender pay gap, lll, accidents at work, Unemployment
rate, S&T graduates, E-government usage, at-risk of
poverty rate, early school leavers, women and men aged
18-59, living in jobless hh, healthy life years at birth
Range of data dissemination products
- On-line data for download from Eurostat website
- Microdata data for researchers (Labour Force Survey,
European Survey on Income and Living Conditions,
Structure of Earnings Surveys)
- Eurostat publications
• Statistics in Focus – all gender-related topics
• Working Papers
• Pocketbooks – How men and women spend their time
• Panorama series - The life of women and men in Europe
- Policy reports: deriving directly from Treaty or from
secondary legislation
- Press releases – Women’s day
- On going work: gender profile portal, data in focus series
Dissemination channels and modalities
Eurostat web site as main channel
- Adoption in October 2004 of a free dissemination policy:
provide in EN/DE/FR users with data and other products
(non confidential data, on-line publications) free of charge
- Results: increase of data users, especially nonprofessionals (web site traffic multiplied by 6 from Sep.
2004 to Apr. 2005)
Other channels
- Websites of National Statistical Institutes (NSIs)
- EU Bookshops and information relays
- Commercial redistribution companies
Types of users
- Policy departments of the Commission (S.G.,
Employment, Education/Culture, EcFin,…)
- Other EU Institutions, National governments
- National Statistical Institutes (NSIs)
- Journalists
- Social partners (Organisations of employees and of
employers)
- Lobbyists, women advocates, NGOs
- Research organisations, Universities
- Consultants, private enterprises
- General public
Matching between products and type of users
Matching gender statistics products with user groups.
Type of Users Gen.
Journ NGOs
public alists/
interm
Dissemination
ediari
Products
es
Online data
Microdata
Working papers
SiFs
Structural
indicators
Policy reports
Pocketbooks/
Panorama series
Press releases
Legend
Good matching
Moderate matching
Low matching
Social Women EU
Nat’l/
Advoc Institu Reg.
Part.
ates
tions. Gvts
Comm. Consul NSIs/
'policy' tants/
Resea
services
rch
private
org
firms
Conclusion
• Production and dissemination of gender statistics initially linked
with development of Community gender equality policy
• Momentum reached with Amsterdam Treaty, Community
Framework Strategy on Gender Equality (2001-2005), adoption
of the gender mainstreaming approach (foreseen/on-going policy
actions: establishment of Gender Equality Institute, Implementation of Roadmap
on G. Equality, 2007: year of equal opportunity for all)
• Wide range of products designed to serve the needs of policymakers (e.g. stat. Annexes of policy report, structural indicators)
and other professional users
• Emergence of new type of users after the adoption of free
dissemination policy
• Eurostat strategy to be more balanced towards different usergroups
• more account of the needs of growing user groups (general
public, non-professionals), while continuing to support the
design and implementation of EU policies, particularly in the
field of gender equality
Employment rates
Employment rates (women and men aged 15 - 64) in EU Member States- 2004
Women
Men
90
Lisbon target
for total
employment
rate in 2010
80
70.9
70
55.7
60
Lisbon target
for women's
employment
rate in 2010
%
50
40
30
20
10
0
DK SE NL
FI
UK PT AT
SI
EE DE CY LV
Source: Eurostat, Labour Force Survey (LFS).
LT FR
IE
CZ EU- BE SK HU LU ES PL EL
25
IT MT
Part-time employment
Share of part-time workers in total employment, in EU Member States - 2005
Women
Men
80
70
60
%
50
40
32,6
30
20
7,4
10
0
SK
HU CZ
LT
EL
EE
SI
LV
CY
PL
PT
Source: Eurostat, Labour Force Survey (LFS), Spring results.
NB: Exceptions to the reference year: LU: 2004.
LU: annual average instead of spring result.
FI
MT
IE
ES
IT
FR EU- DK
25
AT
SE
LU
BE
UK
DE
NL
Gender pay gap in unadjusted form
Pay gap between women and men in unadjusted form in EU Member States - 1998 and 2003
(Difference between men’s and women’s average gross hourly earnings as a percentage of men’s average gross hourly earnings)
1998 (1)
2003 (2)
30
25
20
17
%
15
15
10
5
0
MT
IT
SI
PT
GR
PL
BE
FR
IE
HU
EU25
LU
LV
SE
LT
AT
DK
ES
NL
CZ
FI
UK
DE
SK
EE
Source: Eurostat. Administrative data are used for LU. All other sources are national surveys except as follows:
2003: Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SIC) for EL, IE and AT. The results for the first year of this new EU survey are provisional and subject to further quality
assessment. They should therefore be interpreted with caution.
2002 :European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for EL
2001 and before: European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for BE, DE, IT, DK, IE, UK, EL, ES, PT, AT and FI.
NB: EU-25 estimates are population-weighted averages of the latest available national values adjusted where possible, to take into account a change in the data source.
Exceptions to the reference years: (1) 1999 for PLand SK; 2000 for MT. (2) 2001 for BE and IT; 2002 for SI and FI.
DK - A change of data source from 2002 is estmated to have increased the gender pay gap value by 4 percentagepoints.
DE - From 2002 national earnings surveys and the German Socio-Economic Panel have been used. This is estmated to have increased the gender pay gap value by 1
percentagepoint.
ES - From 2002 data from tax returns and the labour force survey have been used. This is estmated to have increased the gender pay gap value by 3 percentagepoints.
FI - A change of data source from 2002 is estmated to have increased the gender pay gap value by 4 percentagepoints.
UK - A change of data source from 2002 is estmated to have increased the gender pay gap value by 2 percentagepoints.
CY
At-risk of poverty rates
1
At- risk-o f-p overty rate af ter so cial tran sf ers f or w om en an d m en ag ed 16 years and o ver in EU
Mem b er states, 2003
2
Wom en
Men
25
20
15
15
%
13
10
5
0
CZ
LU
HU
NL
FR
SI
SE
BE
DK
FI
MT
AT
PL
LT
EU 25
DE
LV
CY
UK
IT
SK
EE
ES
EL
PT
IE
Sourc e: Eurostat, National s ourc es.
N B: 1) At-risk -of-poverty rate after s oc ial trans fers - The s hare of pers ons w ith an equiv alis ed dis posabl e inc ome below the ris k-of-pov erty threshold, whic h is 60% of
the national median equiv alised dispos able incom e (after s oc ial transfers ). Gender break down is bas ed on as sum ption of equal s haring of res ourc es within hou sehold.
2) Exc eptions to the referen ce year: M T: 200 0; IT , PT and SE: 2004
BE, D E, EL,ES, F R, IE, IT, LU, N L and PT hav e us ed a different m ethodology for the c alculation of the At-risk -of-pov erty and res ults are not c om parable w ith other
c ontries . H oweve r c omparis ons between wom en and m en w ithin M S are still valid and it is not lik ely that the ranking of the c ountries would differ m uc h by us ing the
s ame m ethodology as the rest.
Educational attainment
Educational attainment (at least upper secondary school) of women and men aged 20 - 24,
in EU Member States - 2004
women
men
100
79.1
90
73.8
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
SI
EE
PL
SK
CZ
LT
IE
FI
SE
EL
BE
AT
HU
CY
LV
FR
EU25
Source: Eurostat, Labour Force Survey (LFS), Spring results.
NB: DE, EL, IE, IT and EU-25: Provisional value. Exceptions to the reference year: LU and
NL: 2003.
CY: students abroad are not covered.
DK
NL
UK
DE
IT
ES
LU
PT
MT
Academic career
W om e n
M en
Re la tiv e s ha r e o f w o m e n a nd m e n in a ty p ic a l a c a d e m ic
c a r e e r fo r E U- 2 5 - 2 0 0 3
85
9 0
8 0
68
70
59
6 0
54
57
58
54
50
%
43
4 0
42
46
46
32
41
3 0
15
2 0
10
0
ISC ED 5A
Enr olme n ts
ISC ED 5A
G r a d u at e s
IS CED 6
En r o lme n ts
IS CED 6
G r a d ua t es
G ra d e C
G r a de B
G r a de A
S ou r c e : Eu r o p e an Co mm is s ion , R es e a r c h D G , W iS d a ta b a s e.
A G r a d e : th e s in g le h ig h e st g r a d e /p o st a t w h ic h r e s e a r c h is no r m a lly c o nd u c te d w ith in th e in st it u tion a l o r c o r p o r a te s y s te m. B G r a de : r e se a r c h e r s
w o r king in p o s it io n s n o t as se n ior a s to p p o s it io n b u t mo r e s e n io r th a n th e n e w ly q ua lif ie d Ph D h old e r s . C G r a d e: T h e f ir s t gr ad e /p o s t in to w hic h a
n e w ly q u a lif ie d PhD ( IS CED 6 ) gr ad u a te w o u ld n or ma lly b e r e c r u ite d w ith in th e ins t it ut io n a l o r c o r p o r a te s y s te m. ISC ED 5A : T e r tia r y p r o g r a mme s t o
p r o v id e s u f f ic ie n t qu a lif ic a tion s t o e n te r in to a d v a nc e d r e s e a r c h p r o gr am me s & p r o f e s s io n s w ith h igh skills r eq u ir e me n ts . IS CED 6 : T e r tia r y
p r o g r a mme s w h ic h le a d t o a n a dv a n c ed r e se a r c h q u a lif ica t io n ( Ph D ) .
N B : IS C ED 5 A En r o lm en t s : Ex c e p tion to t he r e f e r e nc e y e a r L U : 19 9 9 ; EL : 2 0 02 ; D at a u n av a ila b le f o r F R
ISC ED6 En r o lme n ts : Ex c e p tion to t he r e f e r e nc e y e a r EL : 2 00 2 ; Da t a u na v a ila b le f or F R, L U , D E, SI
G r ad e C, B , A :Ex c e pt io n t o th e r ef er en c e y e a r : CY :2 0 02 ; F R, PT :2 0 0 1; EL :2 0 0 0; N L : F T E, SI: Da ta es t im at e d, F R : G r a d e C u na v a ila b le ; Da t a
u n av a ila b le f o r IE a n d L U.
Healthy life years at birth
Healthy life years at birth; the number of years that a person is expected to live in absence of
limitations in functioning/disability, 2003
y ears
Women
Men
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
IT
CY
AT
BE
ES
PL
EL
MT
IE
DE
FR
CZ
SE
PT
DK
UK
NL
HU
FI
Source: Eurostat
NB : Estimations are applied for mortality data and prevalence of disability was extrapolated on data of previous years: 1995-2001; for DE and UK:
1997-2001
Exceptions to the reference year: BE, MT and PL: 2002. Data are not available for EE, LU, LV, LT, S I and S K.
Average age of women at birth of first child
Average age of women at birth of first child - 1999 and 2003
1999 (1)
Ag e
2003 (2)
30
27,5
25
22,5
20
LT
EE
LV
SK
PL
CZ
HU
CY
AT
PT
SI
DK
EL
FI
FR
Source: Eurostat, Demography statistics.
NB: Exceptions to the reference years:
(1) DK and IT : 1996; BE: 1997. No data are available for MT.
(2) DK and FR: 2001; EE, EL, ES and UK : 2002. No data are available for BE, IT and MT.
IE
SE
LU
DE
NL
ES
UK
BE
IT