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Electrical safety
in Photovoltaic Systems
Types of system
Requirements in the standards
Protection against electric shock
PV generator earthing
Inverters
Regenerative 2011 H.Potdevin
Key-Account OEM
Personal:
Technical Data:
Age:
Family:
Profession:
Personal record:
Holger Potdevin
45
Martina my wife and 2 sons Jonas(17), Nils(8)
Dipl.-Ing. Electronics
1991-1992 Development dep. BENDER
1992-1994 Region sales Hamburg/SH
1994-1996 Inside sales group north
1996-2000 Product manager hospital-market
2000
Sales leader ESB
2000-2009 SCHROFF GmbH Sales-office Hessen
2009- Back “at home” BENDER Key-Account
2
The future of the supply of electrical power
The efficient, appropriate usage of nature's resources is the objective of all operators,
independent of whether with solar, wind, water or biogas installations.
Bender provides reliable solutions proven worldwide to
Detect possible electrical hazards at an early stage
Ensure the safety of personnel and installations
Immediately detect critical operating states and installation states
Reduce risks of failure and service interruptions to a minimum
Ensure high installation availability by means of preventive action
Efficiently manage installation data.
© Bender · Germany · www.bender-de.com · F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner · Nr. 3
Wind-Power-Generators: Default Frequency
by affected components
electrical system
control
hydraulics
rotor blades
gear drive
power train
generator
‚Windenergie Report Deutschland‘ 2008, by ISET Kassel
Wind-Power-Generators: Monitoring Solutions
1-Insulation Monitoring in main circuit
2-Insulation Monitoring in control circuits
3-RCM in yaw-drive
4-RCM in pitch-drive
5-voltage/frequncy monitoring
6-communications
The future of the supply of electrical power
Source: Prof. Strunz, www.sense.tu-berlin.de
© Bender · Germany · www.bender-de.com · F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner · Nr. 6
More yield and return for PV installations
For a high return on a PV installation
Lots of sunshine
Good planning
Protective measures compliant with the standards
High quality components
Thorough installation monitoring
Safeguarding the predicted yield
over the entire life of the installation requires:
The necessary monitoring systems and safety features, compliant
with the standards (e.g. insulation monitoring)
Increased reliability by means of the early detection of impending faults
The majority of the laws promoting the use of renewable energy are
based on the subsidised sale of the energy generated
Installation failures lead to direct losses of revenue
(reduction in the funding quota and reduction in the return)
Fault location: In case of a fault, appropriate
equipment eases quick localisation and rectification
© Bender · Germany · www.bender-de.com · F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner · Nr. 7
Basis
PV systems from some W up to MW
Voltages from 12 V up to 700 V and more
Earthed and unearthed PV generators
Earthed and unearthed module frames of the PV generators
Inverters :
- with 50/60 Hz transformers
- Without transformers
- RF transformer
Insuring the electrical safety for
- The general public
- Specialists (e.g. electricians)
- Emergency services personnel, e.g. fire brigade
© Bender · Germany · www.bender-de.com · F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner · Nr. 8
Basic definitions
according IEC 60364-7-712 / DIN VDE 0100-712
© Bender · Germany · www.bender-de.com · F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner · Nr. 9
Fire hazard in TN-Systems
PV-Generators 1/2
The
Bakersfield
Fire, by Bill
Brooks
Regenerative 2011 H.Potdevin
Fire hazard in TN-Systems
PV-Generators 2/2
The
Bakersfield
Fire, by Bill
Brooks
Regenerative 2011 H.Potdevin
Basic layout of a PV generator
String
inverters
Central
inverter
© Bender · Germany · www.bender-de.com · F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner · Nr. 12
Team
technology
Medium voltage
application
Overview ISOMETER PV
Typ
isoPV485
IRDH275(B)49335
monitoring
peak-power
isoPV-board
isoPV-module
ungrounded/unearthed PV-systems
≤ 100 kWp
≤ 250 kWp
inverter
voltage
IsoPV +
AGH-PV-3
≥ 250 kWp
≤ 300 kWp
≥ 300kWp
inverter with galvanical separation
DC 0…1000 V
DC 0…650 V
DC 0…1100 V
DC 0…1000 V
DC 0…1500 V
max. leakage
capacitance Ce
≤ 100 µF
≤ 999 µF
≤ 2000 µF
≤ 350 µF
≤ 2000 µF
response value
10 kΩ (fix)
1 kΩ … 10 MΩ
0,2…100 kΩ
1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50,
100 kΩ
200 Ω…1 MΩ
isoPV485
improved IR488
up to 1000VDC
up to 100µF leakage capacitance
fixed response value (10kΩ)
internal resistance 200kΩ
supply 12 - 72 VDC
new front design
SOP: November 2011
Insulation monitoring device
A-ISOMETER® iso-PV 3
A-ISOMETER ® iso-PV 3
universal insulation monitoring device for un-earthed systems
(IT systems) AC, AC / DC 0…793 V, DC 0…1100 V
- in conjunction with coupling unit AGH-PV3
A-ISOMETER ® iso-PV 3
Optimal adaptation to the installation structure
due to two separately adjustable tripping values
(0.2 kΩ…100 kΩ) for pre-warning / main alarm
Precise measurement of the insulation resistance
in all operating conditions
– such as voltage fluctuations / high system leakage
capacitances (up to 2000 uF) using patented AMPplus measurement technique
Time-saving parameter setting
due to modifiable installation profiles
Immediate information on device setting
and system leakage capacitance via information button
Flexible signals
due to 2 separate alarm relays
Ideal for installations with several inverters
operated in a team
© Bender · Germany · www.bender-de.com · F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner · Nr. 15
Coupling unit AGH-PV-3
Insulation monitoring device
A-ISOMETER® iso-PV 3
Your advantages with an un-earthed power supply (IT system)
One service interruption per hour costs
approx. 8 % of the yield (KACO)
With IT system no service interruption
on 1st fault
Increased fire safety
Insulation faults that occur are detected
and signalled at an early stage
Increased protection of personnel
Only DC on PV modules, small AC ripple
© Bender · Germany · www.bender-de.com · F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner · Nr. 16
The PV system has a high level of availability =
high yield
Insulation fault location in operation
Shut down of the installation not
necessary = high yield
Time and personnel significantly reduced
Localisation of the insulation fault
down to the PV module
Insulation monitoring device
A-ISOMETER® iso-PV 3 – in applications operated in a team
© Bender · Germany · www.bender-de.com · F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner · Nr. 17
isoPV-board
pcb
supply 9 – 40V DC
connectors
2 galv. separated outputs (PWM + Ok)
galv. separated RS485-Interface
mounting spots/DIN-rail clamps
universal measuring-module
2 LED (Ok, Alarm)
button (Test, Reset)
potentiometer for response value
low-ohmic coupling hybrid (240 kOhm)
size pcb: 171 x 84 mm
size total: 175 x 90mm
completely casted
up to 350µF leakage capacities
up to 1000V DC
SOP: HMI 2012
isoPV-Modul (SMA): Layout
isoPV-Modul (SMA): Technical Details
Features:
Insulation Monitoring for large PV-plants
two response values (200Ω..1MΩ)
automatical adjustment (learn)
integrated PGH 50 mA
integrated RCM
connection monitoring
self-test
separated outputs for insulation-fault, system-fault, RCM-fault
CAN, RS485, USB interfaces
μSD-card-slot (data-logging)
DC 1500 V
internal resistance of 50 kΩ
leakage capacities of up to 2000 μF
SOP: Q1 2012
Erthfault detected – but where?
Regenerative 2011 H.Potdevin
Insulation fault location on the PV modules
Arrow marking on
the probes
In PV systems it is normally difficult to
enclose both conductors with the probe
To eliminate the effect of the load current
on the individual conductors, 2 probes are
used
© Bender · Germany · www.bender-de.com · F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner · Nr. 22
Insulation fault location system EDS
Test device
PGH473
Measuring current
transformer series W …..
Insulation fault
evaluator EDS460-DG
Portable evaluation system
EDS 190
Your advantages
More operational continuity and as a result
significantly more yield
Recommendation for PV installations ≥ 100 kWp
in accordance with UTE
Quick localisation of the insulation fault while
live = no shut down necessary
Precise fault location - significantly less time required
compared to "inspecting the area"
© Bender · Germany · www.bender-de.com · F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner · Nr. 23
RCMB100
RCMB100
Function
Universal AC/DC current sensitive differential
current monitoring module type B Effective value
measurement
(AC + DC)
Frequency range 0…500 Hz
Connection monitoring for the measuring current
transformer
The effective value of the DC components in the
differential current and the AC components under
the limit frequency is formed and provided as a
DC voltage proportional to the differential current
on the module output (X1).
Exceeding the measuring range is also signalled
via a switched output (X12).
In addition, the control input (X10) is polled.
Depending on the HIGH / LOW level sequence,
the RCMB100 is reset with / without subsequent
Starting procedure of transformerless
String-inverters
Bsp.:
80𝑚𝐴
2
+ (30𝑚𝐴)² = 85,44𝑚𝐴
IC
IF
ID
Regenerative 2011 H.Potdevin
1- und 3-phasige
transformatorlose
Wechselrichter
PIKO 3.0 .. 10.1
VMD424
fits new requirements „medium voltage guidelines“, German public utilities
frequency response values adjustable within 0,05-Hz range
SOP: KW 38 2011
‚NA-Schutz‘ (grid-/plant-protection) according to VDE-AR-N 4105
up to now:
- DIN V VDE V 0126-1-1, TAB,
„Niederspannungsrichtlinie“, etc.
VMD423
• from 01.01.2012: VDE-AR-N 4105:
•
•
•
•
•
„VMD4105“
additional requirements
functional safety
history for alarms with timestamp
new frequency response values
integrated and central grid-/plant-protection
BENDER PV Solutions
Type
Monitoring
PV-System typical
Type of inverter
RCM100B
Residual Current
earthed system
≤ 30 kWp
IRDH275(B)49335
Max. Leakage
capacitance
AC/DC
0…500 mA
IsoPV +
AGH-PV-3
Insulation resistance
unearthed system (IT system)
≤ 30 kWp
without
transformer
Nominal voltage
Response value
Measuring range
IR488
≤ 250 kWp
≥ 250 kWp
EDS473+
PGH471
VMD422
Insulation fault
location
IT system
Voltage,
frequency
asymetry
≥ 100 kWp
≥ 30 kWp
Inverter with built-in transformer
or external (MV) Transformer
Interface to
public low
voltage grid
DC 0…1000 V
DC 0…650 V
DC 0…1100 V
DC 20…960 V
≤ 30 uF
≤ 999 uF
≤ 2000 uF
≤ 500 uF
≤ 30 kΩ
1kΩ … 10 MΩ
0,2…100 kΩ
5 mA (10 kΩ)
© Bender · Germany · www.bender-de.com · F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner · Nr. 28
3(N)AC 0-500 V
Thank you for your attention!
Dipl.-Ing. W. Bender GmbH & Co.KG
Londorfer Straße 65
35305 Grünberg
Germany
www.bender-de.com
Phone
+49 (0) 6401 807-280
Fax
+49 (0) 6401 807-279
E-mail
[email protected]
Internet:
http://www.bender-regenerative.com
Copyright
Pictures: www.fotolia.de, www.pixelio.de, www.sma.de, www.fronius.de, Bender Archiv
Subject to change without notice - © Dipl.-Ing W. Bender GmbH & Co.KG, Germany
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© Bender · Germany · www.bender-de.com · F154(Photovoltaik)_PPT_en_20100714 Sellner · Nr. 29