Transcript International Atomic Energy Agency TRANSPORT SAFETY, SOURCE SECURITY & DEALING WITH WASTE L9 Answer True or False • • Source accounting records will contain sourcespecific information (radionuclide.

International Atomic Energy Agency
TRANSPORT SAFETY, SOURCE
SECURITY & DEALING WITH
WASTE
L9
Answer True or False
•
•
Source accounting records will contain sourcespecific information (radionuclide identity and activity),
and will include all information regarding movement of
the material, from production to disposal
The manner in which radioactive waste is stored and
disposed of will take account of the condition of the
source and its origin (e.g., clinical waste, cyclotron
waste, etc.), and will be performed in accordance with
national regulations
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Objective
To consider aspects of a PET/CT
facility: transport of the radionuclide,
accounting, security of sources and
waste management at the facility
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Content
• Transport
• Accounting
• Source security
• Waste
- Cyclotron
- PET/CT unit
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International Atomic Energy Agency
9.1 Transport
Transport Case
Liner
Lead container
Container
Source
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For return to supplier
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Transport Index (TI)
1.0 m
TI = max dose-rate at 1.0m (Sv/h)
10
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White-I Label
• < 5.0 Sv/h at surface
• < 0.05 Sv/h at 1.0 m
•
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Yellow-II Label
• < 500 Sv/h, > 5 Sv/h
at surface
• < 10 Sv/h at 1.0 m
•
0 < TI < 1.0
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Yellow-III Label
•
> 500 Sv/h,< 2000Sv/h
at surface
• > 10Sv/h, < 100Sv/h at
1.0m
•
1.0 < TI < 10
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Vehicle Placards
3 placards on vehicle
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Consignor’s Responsibilities
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All labelling and placarding
Provision of transport documents
Provision of local rules and any
other relevant information
Driver training
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International Atomic Energy Agency
9.2 Accounting
Accountability of Sources
Receipt, storage, use
and all movements of a
source must be
recorded
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Accountability of Sources
Source accountancy records should
contain:
• radionuclide and activity of sources,
• location and description of sources,
• disposal details
The records should be updated
regularly, and the location of the
sources checked
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Ordering and Receipt
Protocols should specify
• Persons authorized to order radionuclides
• Routines for delivering radioactive material to
the department
• Routines for checking and unpacking of
shipment
• Routines in case of damaged package
• Routines for check of radionuclide and activity
• Which records must be kept
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Typical Quantities
For 10 patients:
• 50GBq for single daily delivery
• 10GBq for 2 deliveries per day
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International Atomic Energy Agency
9.3 Source security
Security of Sources (BSS)
2.34: “Sources shall be kept secure so as to
prevent theft or damage and to prevent any
unauthorized legal person from carrying out
any of the actions specified in the General
Obligations for practices of the Standards (see
para’s 2.7-2.9)”
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Security of Sources
The security of sources shall be taken into account in
the different steps of the lifetime of a source in a facility
Receipt
Storage before use
Transport (in house)
Use
Storage of waste
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Storage of Radionuclides
Line sources
Routine use
Calibration source,
radioactive waste
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Source Storage
Source stores must:
• provide protection against
environmental conditions
• be only for radioactive
materials
• provide sufficient shielding
• be resistant to fire
• be secure
• have a radiation warning
sign
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Sealed Sources
• Inventory of sealed sources
• Disposal should be considered when
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replacement purchased and
financial/practical provision arranged
Authorization to store sources
Leak test
Security of sources
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International Atomic Energy Agency
9.4 Waste
Radioactive Waste (BSS)
“III.8.
Registrants and licensees shall:
(a) ensure that the activity and volume of any
radioactive waste that results from the sources
for which they are responsible be kept to the
minimum practicable, and that the waste be
managed, i.e. collected, handled, treated,
conditioned, transported, stored and disposed
of, in accordance with the requirements of the
Standards and any other applicable standard
[26]; and …”
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Radioactive Waste (BSS)
“III.8.
Registrants and licensees shall:
(b) …segregate, and treat separately if
appropriate, different types of radioactive
waste where warranted by differences in
factors such as radionuclide content, half-life,
concentration, volume and physical and
chemical properties, taking into account the
available options for waste disposal.”
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Radioactive Waste
Radioactive waste should be handled,
stored and disposed of according to local
procedures that are based on national
regulations
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Practical Means of Dealing with
Radioactive Waste
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Report on accumulation and disposal of
radioactive substances
Review of practices to ensure minimum
volume and activity of waste produced and
released into environment
Aqueous waste from patients – drain likely
to be best option
Aqueous waste from unused stock – decay
to inactive likely to be best option
Solid waste – decay storage again likely to
be best option
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Waste from Cyclotron
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Solid Waste - PET/CT Unit
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Cover papers, gloves, empty
vials and syringes
Separate bins for active and
inactive waste
Store for 24 hours in shielded
area before disposal as inactive
waste
Waste should be labelled with
date and radionuclide
Contaminated linen must be
stored for 24 hours before
removal to laundry
Maintain records
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Liquid Waste - PET/CT Unit
• Patient excreta
• Separate patient toilet
• Calculate on monthly basis to ensure
authorization not exceeded
• 30% of injected activity to drain (UK)
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SUMMARY OF TRANSPORT SAFETY, SOURCE
SECURITY & DEALING WITH WASTE
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Transportation is performed according to the
categorized level of the source
All sources must be accounted for, and their receipt,
storage, security and movements all must be
documented
Radioactive waste must be handled, stored and
disposed of depending on the type of source (liquid,
solid, aseptic, patient discharge, cyclotron waste) in
compliance with local procedures based on national
regulations
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