Transcript Chapter 16, Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities (2012) TCRP Report 95, Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Project.

Chapter 16, Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities (2012)
TCRP Report 95, Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes
Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Project B-12
http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/167122.aspx
Cyclist on a "Bikeway" (a.k.a., bicycle boulevard) in Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada, illustrating a vehicle traffic diverter, bike cut-through,
and arterial-crossing bicycle and pedestrian refuges.
Photo courtesy of www.pedbikeimages.org, Carl Sundstrom, photographer
1
This Mesa, AZ, multi-use path signage illustrates well the variety of uses
generally allowed on U.S. “bicycle” paths and trails.
Courtesy of www.pedbikeimages.org, Jim Hash, photographer
2
Improvement of MD 547, providing ADA-compliant sidewalks on both sides
instead of a degraded walk on one side, was associated with nearly a 70
percent total pedestrian count increase.
Dick Pratt, photographer
3
Faced with the 27 percent extra walking distance imposed by this indirect
sidewalk, 80 percent of all pedestrians walk in the street behind the back
ends of the parked cars.
Dick Pratt, photographer
4
"Hawk Signals" are among the "active when present" traffic control devices
being applied in an effort to reduce dangers of multiple-threat situations at
marked but uncontrolled multi-lane crossings.
Courtesy of www.pedbikeimages.org, Mike Cynecki, photographer
5
A state highway semi-mid-block ("T" intersection) signalized pedestrian
crossing in combination with a pedestrian passageway provide town center
access in Silver Spring, Maryland.
Dick Pratt, photographer
6
This Phoenix undercrossing uses topography to avoid the grade-change stairs
and ramps of conventional overpasses and underpasses, which time-sensitive
pedestrians often seek to bypass.
Courtesy of www.pedbikeimages.org, Dan Burden, photographer
7
Minneapolis Skyway and Nicollet Mall activity in a downtown core area where
total pedestrian flows have crept upward on average for nearly half a century.
Courtesy of Metropolitan Council, St. Paul, MN, Jeff Syme, photographer
8
The Times Square Plaza pedestrian-mall component of Broadway’s
combination mall, which in sections has bike and traffic lanes and parking per
“complete streets” needs, is seen here in pilot project configuration.
Dick Pratt, photographer
9
Conventional bike lanes along the Embarcadero are part of a City of San
Francisco program that has seen bicycle count increases averaging some 70
percent on individual streets studied.
Courtesy of www.pedbikeimages.org, Dan Burden, photographer
10
A cyclist on Portland, Oregon’s Salmon Street Bicycle Boulevard sweeps past a
traffic-circle traffic-calming feature — one can see why these are being
renamed Neighborhood Greenways.
Courtesy of CH2M HILL, Mariah VanZerr, photographer
11
Paralleling each other in Montgomery County, MD, the on-road bike route
(top) sees mostly avid cyclists while the trail (bottom) is used by walkers,
joggers, bicyclists-in-training, and more casual cyclists in general.
Dick Pratt, photographer
12
Trail orientation affects which travel purposes are effectively served — the
alignment of Florida’s Pinellas Trail through several downtowns attracts
relatively high use for commuting.
Dick Pratt, photographer
13
A singular facility extension example is the "Downtown Trail" continuation of
Florida’s west coast Pinellas Trail through central St. Petersburg to Tampa Bay
via the 1st Avenue South cycle track.
Dick Pratt, photographer
14
The cable-stayed Sabo Bridge takes the Midtown Greenway across Hiawatha
Avenue and the Hiawatha Light Rail line in Minneapolis to reach the Seward
and Longfellow neighborhoods.
Courtesy of Metropolitan Council, St. Paul, MN, Jeanne Landkamer, photographer
15
Pedestrian and bicycle bridges on paths, if well connected like this Pinellas
Trail bridging of Central Avenue in St. Petersburg, FL, can serve both local
access and longer through trips.
Dick Pratt, photographer
16
A 6:00 PM commuter from North Bethesda/White Flint takes advantage of
lightly trafficked discontinuous streets linked by interconnecting path
segments through parks and traffic barriers.
Dick Pratt, photographer
17
ADA-compliant bus stops and adjoining sidewalk sections have been found in
Maryland, in specific cases, to allow cost-effective reductions in special ADAmandated paratransit services.
Dick Pratt, photographer
18
The easterly sidewalk branch seen here on the right follows a former dirt path
traced by Washington Metro passengers seeking directness in their walk
to/from Grosvenor-Strathmore Station.
Dick Pratt, photographer
19
Thanks to bike racks on Portland’s TriMet buses, both buses in this scene are
carrying bikes and their riders: a majority of cyclists take their bicycles along
rather than parking them at transit stops.
Courtesy of www.pedbikeimages.org, Laura Sandt, photographer
20
Bike racks such as these in Madison, WI, are preferred by potential cyclists
over no parking at all but appear to rank lower than secure covered parking.
Courtesy of www.pedbikeimages.org, Eric Lowry, photographer
21
The drenched photographer has returned his Capital Bikeshare bike to a bike
dock, as a van stands by to rebalance the fleet among bikeshare stations.
Courtesy of GregPGriffin’s Photostream
22
This Durham, NH, streetscape illustrates pedestrian-friendly features such as
store placement directly at the back of the broad sidewalk.
Courtesy of www.pedbikeimages.org, Dan Burden, photographer
23
Bicycling on Portland, Oregon’s Hawthorne Bridge increased 45 percent with
bridge sidewalk widening; downtown river crossings overall quintupled in
17 years to reach 16,700 bicycles daily in 2008.
Courtesy of gregraisman/flickr
24
An elementary school “Walking School Bus” in Montreal, with children
grasping a cord held front and back by responsible adults.
Courtesy of www.pedbikeimages.org, Dan Burden, photographer
25
An “Interested” participant receives an information packet as part of the 2008
Bellingham Smart Trips individualized marketing project.
26
Courtesy of Socialdata GmbH and Whatcom Council of Governments, Bellingham, WA
The contribution of sponsored walks and bike maintenance classes to the
mode shifts produced by individualized marketing is unknown, but they may
well support positive outreach and publicity.
Courtesy of www.pedbikeimages.org, Elly Blue, photographer
27
Manhattan’s elevated “High Line” rail trail is a classic example of a spectacular
facility whose users are likely seeking “direct-benefit” enjoyment and exercise
more than derived-benefit travel.
Courtesy of Robert Pratt, photographer
28
Bicycling on quiet streets, including bicycle boulevards, is attractive to most
user groups but especially female cyclists.
Courtesy of www.pedbikeimages.org, Adam Darin, photographer
29
The highly varied weekend traffic mix on the Capital Crescent Trail in
Bethesda, MD, illustrates off-road path openness to multiple activities by
users of all ages and capabilities.
Dick Pratt, photographer
30