Transcript Internet and the web Summary of terms discusses and review The Internet, 1969 by ARPAnet The Internet was founded, by a US military.

Internet and the web
Summary of terms discusses and
review
The Internet, 1969 by ARPAnet
The Internet was founded, by a US military network called:
ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects Agency network.)
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The Internet is a worldwide network of networks.
 One computer network consists of millions of
computers that are physically connected together using
wires, telephone lines and other media.
 It is many smaller networks connected together forming
one large network called the Internet
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
is the software/ protocol that is used to connect computers
together
World Wide Web (WWW)
Invented by Tim Berners-Lee
CERN, 1989
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The World Wide Web (now referred to as the web or WWW)
The web is one of the Internet services
Using the Web, you have access to millions of pages of
information (video, text, music, images).
The pages on the web are connected together by hypertext
or links
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Web "surfing” or “browsing” is done with a Web browser
The most popular of which are Netscape Navigator and
Internet Explorer (I.E.)
Web Browsers
Mosaic, Netscape,
and Internet Explorer (I.E.)
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A browser is an application program or software that
provides a way to browse and interact with information on
the World Wide Web.
Lynx: is the first web browser (only text) created in 1989
Mosaic (1992) is the first graphical Web browser which
allowed you to view multimedia files (music, video, and
graphical files) on the Web
Netscape in 1994
I.E. in 1995
Web Servers and browsers
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Browser (is the client): the browser is a piece
of software that requests documents from the
server
Server is software that allows a computer
connected to the Internet to:
1.
store documents (text, images, video, sound
files.. Etc..)
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delivers or sends back these documents to
the browser
Both the browser and the server understand the
HTTP (Hyper text transfer protocol) protocol
and use it to communicate together
Protocols(software /code/set of rules/regulations)
PPP: (Point to Point Protocol) used to connect a Personal computer to
the Internet via modem
SMTP: (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) used to send (route) e-mail
over the Internet
FTP: (File transfer protocol) used when transferring files on the
Internet
FUGU: is an application (not a protocol)used on the Mac to transfer files to
and from a local computer to a remote computer
WINSCP: is an application (not a protocol) used on the PC to transfer files
between computers connected to the internet
HTTP: (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). A protocol for the web used to communicate
between servers and browsers. It’s a set of rules for exchanging files (text, graphic
images, sound, video, and other files) on the World Wide Web.
Host & IP address
Host: On the Internet, the term "host" means
any computer that has full two-way access to
other computers on the Internet. A host has a
specific "local or host number" that, together
with the network number, forms its unique
IP(Internet Protocol) address.
www.nyu.edu is the host which should
corresponds to 128.122.108.9 ip address
URL: Uniform Resource
Locator)
A URL is web address
 the address of a file or a web page on the web
 The URL for this class :
 http://cs.nyu.edu/
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Domain name: is part of a URL or a web address.
It’s the part that identifies the institution or
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A domain name locates an organization or other entity on the Internet. It is usually
the organization or company’s trademark.
Every company or organization has to apply for its unique domain name and it has
to be approved by ICANN (International NON-Profit group that administers the
domain-name system) or other private companies such as register.com. The cost can
range from $9 to $30 per year
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What is the domain name and top level domain name for the following web
address:
 http://cs.nyu.edu/
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Domain name is: “nyu.edu”
Top level domain name from above is “edu”
Top level domain name can be:
 .com
(company or commercial)
 .gov
(government)
 .mil
(Military)
 .org
(non profit organization)
 .edu.fr (including suffixes identifying countries)
 .com.af (company in Africa)
 .com.br (company in Brazil
DNS: Domain Name System
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A centralized database lists domain names and IP
addresses which are distributed throughout the
Internet.
There is probably a DNS server within close
geographic proximity to your access provider
that maps the domain names in your Internet
requests or forwards them to other servers in the
Internet.
JavaScript & JAVA, 1995
JavaScript, created by Netscape, a very
popular scripting language for the web
 Java, created by SUN in 1995. An object
oriented language, Allows for real-time
interactivity (chat) and creating powerful
applications on the web and also
independent of the web
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(ISP) Internet Service Providers
With an affordable modem, people could
connect to the Internet and browse the web
using commercial online services such as:
 AOL, Earthlink, AT&T.
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