WASTE MANAGEMENT AND WATER QUALITY ISSUES IN COASTAL STATES OF NIGERIA: THE OGUN STATE EXPERIENCE By D. O. Omole

1

and S. A. Isiorho

2 1 Dept. of Civil Engineering Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria 2 Dept. of Geosciences, Indiana Univ. - Purdue Univ. Ft. Wayne (IPFW) Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA.

Presentation Outline

 Introduction  Method  Aim & Study Area  Results and Discussions  Conclusions and Recommendations

Introduction

•About one quarter of Nigerians live in the coastal zone (UNEP, 2007; FRN, 2007) •There is strong positive correlation between population and waste generated.

•The coastal states in Nigeria are Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross-Rivers, Delta, Edo, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo and Rivers.

•*Lagos accounts for 60% of all Nigeria’s industrial activities… most waste generated are hazardous… ~80% never treated

OGUN STATE

•Ogun State is the nearest neighbour to Lagos state. •The location of Ogun State makes it to partake in both the benefits and ill effects of the economic activities of Lagos State. * * Ota, Ogun State.

Aim & Study area, Ogun State

Aim of study is to examine the effect of abattoir (slaughter house) effluents on the water quality of River Illo that eventually empties into the nearby lagoon.

* Segments of this river traverse major urban centers and rural areas. Several industries discharge untreated wastes directly to the river. Some individuals also dispose of their human wastes into the same river.

Methods

Field studies were carried out in Ogun state using field, interviews and literature research.

Triplicate water samples from 7 sites were obtained and tested for dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, and total dissolved solids (TDS). Using titrimetric methods and spectrometer (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate)

Results and Discussions

* Summary of water quality data is presented in the table below

BOD had a mean value of 312.9mg/l, higher than 15mg/l limit for drinking water. Total solids mean was of 608mg/l higher than 500mg/l. the standard

The pH is slightly acidic. Phosphates, Nitrate level and conductivity values are low. .

BOD, and TDS within the WHO acceptable standards.

DO, Nitrate, Phosphate, pH

120 1 0 3 2 8 5 4 7 6 S1 S2 S3 S4

Sample Stations

S5 S6 S7

Distance in meter, DO, Nitrate, Phosphate, pH plot with distance

#REF!

DO (mg/l) Nitrate (mg/l) Phosphate (mg/l) pH 100 80 60 40 20 0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 Dist in Meter DO (mg/l) Nitrate (mg/l) Phosphate (mg/l) pH

Butchers typically wash animal entrails and expose animal bones, and sludge to the river. Increased suspended solids and phosphate lead to exposure of people to zoonotic diseases (Olugasa

et al

., 2000). Increase population = increase in waste amount generated. Collection/disposal are inadequate.

Educate masses of consequences of improper waste disposal.

Conclusions and Recommendations

Increase migration to coastal states of Nigeria would lead to increase in waste generation.

Abattoirs are potential sources of water pollution.

Cradle to grave approach that includes health and economic effect, and societal obligations should be emphasized. Education of all Stake holders. People should be made aware of their social responsibility of caring for the environment.

FINALLY

Government should enforce environmental laws, encourage people to reduce, reuse, recycle and properly dispose of their wastes by charging fees for their waste disposal services. YOU CAN BE PART OF THE SOLUTION

Thanks

Any Questions?