Transcript Chemical Nomenclature Writing names from formulas and formulas from names Copyright Robert Fremland 2006

Chemical Nomenclature
Writing names from formulas and
formulas from names
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Chemical Nomenclature
Name to Formula
Types of Compounds
Ionic
Acids
Covalent
Contains a metal or a
polyatomic ion
H____(aq)
Name has word, acid, in it
Binary compound with two
nonmetals
Like ionic compound where H is
the metal
Name ions
Representative metals
(Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn, Cd and Ag)
Charge = group #
Name = element name
Ca2+ = calcium ion
Transition metals
(All others)
Nonmetal Ions
Monatomic
Charge given (in Roman
numerals) in name
Metal name(charge)
Fe3+ = iron (III)
Charge = group # - 8
Name = stemide
S2- = sulfide
Polyatomic ions
MEMORIZE
NO CHARGES
Name has number of each
element in the compound
Prefix-first element prefixsecondide
P2O5= diphosphorus
pentoxide
Binary Acids
Oxyacids
H—polyatomic ion
HX(aq)
Hydro-x-ic acid
Name depends on name of
polyatomic ion
HI(aq) = hydroiodic acid
If ion ends in ate then acid
ends in ic acid
If ion ends in ite then acid
ends in ous acid
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
chlorate = ClO3choric acid = HClO3(aq)
chlorite = ClO2chlorous acid = HClO2(aq)
Determine the Type of Compound
• 3 Types of Compounds
– Ionic
– Covalent
– Acids
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Types of compounds
Types of Compounds
Ionic
Acids
Covalent
Contains a metal or
a polyatomic ion
Binary compound with
two nonmetals
Name ions
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
H____(aq)
Name has word, acid, in it
Like ionic compound where
H is the metal
Identifying Ionic Compounds
Name to formula
• Contain a metal or a polyatomic ion
– Identifying metals
• Use name to find symbol, find on periodic table
(left and below stairstep)
– Identifying polyatomic ions
• KNOW IONS
• End in ---ate or ---ite with few exceptions
–
–
–
–
Cyanide
Hydroxide
Peroxide
Ammonium
CNOHO22NH4+
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
All of the following are ionic
• strontium sulfide
– Stronium (Sr) is a metal
• cobalt (II) arsenide
– Cobalt (Co) is a metal
• cesium phosphate
– Cesium (Cs) is a metal and phosphate is a
polyatomic ion
• ammonium sulfate
– Ammonium and sulfate are polyatomic ions
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Types of compounds
Types of Compounds
Ionic
Acids
Covalent
Contains a metal or a
polyatomic ion
Binary compound
with two nonmetals
Name ions
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
H____(aq)
Name has word, acid, in it
Like ionic compound where
H is the metal
Identifying Covalent Compounds
Covalent compounds are made from two
nonmetals
Name to formula
– Determine symbols from names
• Check on the periodic table
• (Nonmetals are to the right and above the stairstep
line)
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
All of the following are covalent
• carbon disulfide: carbon(C) and sulfur (S)
are nonmetals
• sulfur hexafluoride: sulfur (S) and
fluorine(F) are
nonmetals
• dinitrogen pentoxide: nitrogen (N) and
oxygen (O) are
nonmetals
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Types of compounds
Types of Compounds
Ionic
Acids
Covalent
Contains a metal or a
polyatomic ion
Binary compound with
two nonmetals
Name ions
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
H____(aq)
Name has word, acid, in it
Like ionic compound where
H is the metal
Identifying Acids
• Name to Formula
– Acids have the word “acid” in the name
• All of the Following are Acids
– hydrochloric acid
– sulfuric acid
– nitric acid
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Identifying Compound Type from
Name
• For each of the following, determine if it is
ionic, an acid, or covalent:
– A. ammonium sulfide
– B. cesium chloride
– C. nitrogen triiodide
– D. telluric acid
Answers
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Types of compounds
Types of Compounds
Ionic
Acids
Covalent
Contains a metal or a
polyatomic ion
Binary compound with
two nonmetals
Name ions
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
H____(aq)
Name has word, acid, in it
Like ionic compound where H
is the metal
Determining Formulas of Ionic
Compounds
4 types of ions
• Representative metal ions
• Transition and post transitional metal ions
– All others
• Monatomic nonmetal ions
• Polyatomic ions
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Chemical Nomenclature
Ionic Compounds
Ionic
Contains a metal or a polyatomic ion
Name Ions
Representative metals
(Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn,
Cd and Ag)
Charge = group #
Nonmetal Ions
Transition metals
(All others)
Monatomic
Polyatomic ions
Charge given (in Roman
numerals) in name
Charge = group # - 8
Name = stemide
MEMORIZE
• back to 31
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Representative Metal Ions
•
•
•
Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn, Cd and Ag
Charge = group number
Name = element name
– Barium ion: Ba,
Ba is in group IIA, so
charge is +2
Ba2+
– Aluminum ion: Al,
Al is in group IIIA,
so charge is +3
Al3+
– Zinc ion: Zn,
Zn is in group IIB,
so charge is +2
Zn2+
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Find the charges of the following
ions
•
•
•
•
calcium ion
cadmium ion
potassium ion
gallium ion
• Answers
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Chemical Nomenclature
Ionic Compounds
Ionic
Contains a metal or a polyatomic ion
Name Ions
Representative metals
(Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn,
Cd and Ag)
Charge = group #
Nonmetal Ions
Transition metals
(All others)
Monatomic
Polyatomic ions
Charge given (in Roman
numerals) in name
Charge = group # - 8
Name = stemide
MEMORIZE
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Transition metal ions
• All other metals
– (includes post-transitional metals…IVA, VA,
VIA)
– Form >1 ion
• Name is metal name (charge)
– Charge is in Roman numerals
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Transition metal Ions
Ion Name:
Symbol and Charge
iron(II)
tin(IV)
tin(II)
chromium(VI)
Fe2+
Sn4+
Sn2+
Cr6+
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Chemical Nomenclature
Ionic Compounds
Ionic
Contains a metal or a polyatomic ion
Name Ions
Representative metals
(Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn,
Cd and Ag)
Charge = group #
Nonmetal Ions
Transition metals
(All others)
Monatomic
Polyatomic ions
Charge given (in Roman
numerals) in name
Charge = group # - 8
Name = stemide
MEMORIZE
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Nonmetal Ions
• Monatomic
• Charge = group # - 8
Ion name Group #
oxide
phosphide
iodide
6
5
7
Charge
Symbol
(6 - 8) = -2
(5 - 8) = -3
(7 - 8) = -1
O2P3I-
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Determine the charges on the
following ions
•
•
•
•
Sulfide
Nitride
Chloride
Carbide
Answers
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Chemical Nomenclature
Ionic Compounds
Ionic
Contains a metal or a polyatomic ion
Name Ions
Representative metals
(Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn,
Cd and Ag)
Charge = group #
Nonmetal Ions
Transition metals
(All others)
Monatomic
Polyatomic ions
Charge given (in Roman
numerals) in name
Charge = group # - 8
Name = stemide
MEMORIZE
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Memorize These Polyatomic Ions
Chemistry 152 List of Polyatomic Ions to be Memorized
Name
Ion
Name
Ion
phosphate
hydrogen phosphate
dihydrogen phosphate
permanganate
dichromate
chromate
perchlorate
chlorate
chlorite
hypochlorite
periodate
iodate
iodite
hypoiodite
arsenate
sulfate
sulfite
hydrogen sulfate
thiosulfate
PO43HPO42H2PO4MnO4Cr2O72CrO42ClO4ClO3ClO2ClOIO4IO3IO2IOAsO43SO42SO32HSO4S2O32-
carbonate
hydrogen carbonate
nitrate
nitrite
acetate
oxalate
borate
hydroxide
cyanide
thiocyanate
peroxide
ammonium
mercury(I)
CO32HCO3NO3NO2C2H3O2C2O42BO33OHCNSCNO22NH4+
Hg22+
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Putting Ions Together
• Charges have to cancel
– Multiply ions by some “multiplier” to bring
charges to least common multiple (LCM)
– multiplier becomes subscript
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Determine the formula for a compound
made from Fe 3+ and SO4 2Ion
Fe3+ X
SO42- X
Multiplier
LCM
2
3
= 6
= -6
0
Sum of the charges is zero
The multipliers become the subscripts and the
formula is:
Fe2(SO4)3
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Determine the formulas of the
following ionic compounds
•
•
•
•
potassium sulfide
calcium phosphate
lead (IV) chloride
ammonium nitrate
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Formulas of Ionic Compounds from
names
potassium sulfide:
symbols: K, S
charges: K: group 1 metal
S: group VI nonmetal
putting together
==> K+
==> s2-
K+ X 2 = 2
S2- X 1 = -2
calcium phosphate:
symbols: Ca, PO43charges:
Ca: group II metal
PO43- : polyatomic ion
putting together
Ca 2+
PO43-
X
X
formula = K2S
==> Ca2+
==> PO433 = 6
2 = -6
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
formula = Ca3(PO4)2
Formulas of Ionic Compounds from
names
lead(IV)chloride:
symbols: Pb, Cl
charges: Pb: post - transition metal
name says charge is 4
Cl: nonmetal in group VII
==> Pb4+
==> Cl-
putting together
Pb4+ X 1 = 4
Cl- X 4 = -4
formula = PbCl4
ammonium nitrate:
symbols: both polyatomic ions so elements and charges
ammonium = NH4+
nitrate = NO3putting together
NH4+ X 1 = 1
NO3- X 1 = -1
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
formula = NH4NO3
Determine the formulas for the
following ionic compounds
•
•
•
•
sodium oxide
barium hydroxide
cobalt (II) iodide
ammonium sulfate
• Name to Formula Chart
• answers
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Types of compounds
Types of Compounds
Ionic
Acids
Covalent
Contains a metal or a
polyatomic ion
Binary compound
with two nonmetals
Name ions
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
H____(aq)
Name has word, acid, in it
Like ionic compound where
H is the metal
Covalent Compounds
• Binary Compounds between 2 nonmetals
• NO CHARGES
– All bonds are covalent
– Difficult to predict how will combine
• Name tells formula
– Prefix first element prefix second-ide
• Prefixes are mono, di, tri, tetra, penta etc
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Covalent Compounds
Examples
carbon disulfide
CS2
sulfur hexafluoride
SF6
dinitrogen pentoxide
N 2O 5
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Determine the formulas of the
following covalent compounds
• carbon tetrabromide
• sulfur difluoride
• dichlorine heptoxide
• Answers
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Types of compounds
Types of Compounds
Ionic
Acids
Covalent
Contains a metal or a
polyatomic ion
Binary compound with
two nonmetals
Name ions
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
H____(aq)
Name has word, acid, in it
Like ionic compound where
H is the metal
Acid Nomenclature
Acids
H____(aq)
Name has word, acid, in it
Like ionic compound where H is the metal
Binary Acids
Oxyacids
H—polyatomic ion
HX(aq)
Hydro-x-ic acid
Name depends on name of polyatomic ion
HI(aq) = hydroiodic acid
If ion ends in ate then acid ends in ic acid
If ion ends in ite then acid ends in ous acid
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
chlorate = ClO3choric acid = HClO3(aq)
chlorite = ClO2chlorous acid = HClO2(aq)
Two Types of Acids
• Binary
– Only two elements
– HX
– Name is hydro x ic acid
• Example: hydrochloric acid = HCl(aq)
• Oxyacids
– Nonbinary
– Contain a polyatomic ion
• H-polyatomic (with appropriate subscripts)
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Determine if the following acids are
binary or oxyacids
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hydrobromic acid
Iodic acid
Nitrous acid
Hydroiodic acid
Phosphoric acid
answers
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Formulas of Binary acids
• An acid is like an ionic compound where
the metal is H
– H has a +1 charge
• Determine the formulas of the following
binary acids
– Hydroiodic acid
– Hydrobromic acid
– Hydrosulfuric acid
– answers
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Acid Nomenclature
Acids
H____(aq)
Name has word, acid, in it
Like ionic compound where H is the metal
Binary Acids
Oxyacids
H—polyatomic ion
HX(aq)
Hydro-x-ic acid
Name depends on name of polyatomic ion
HI(aq) = hydroiodic acid
If ion ends in ate then acid ends in ic acid
If ion ends in ite then acid ends in ous acid
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
chlorate = ClO3choric acid = HClO3(aq)
chlorite = ClO2chlorous acid = HClO2(aq)
Oxyacids (nonbinary)
• H__polyatomic ion
• Number of H on acid will be the same as
the charge on the ion
Ion
ClO3SO42PO43-
Acid
HClO3(aq)
H2SO4(aq)
H3PO4(aq)
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Acid name related to name of
polyatomic ion
• If ion ends in ate then acid ends in ic acid
• If ion ends in ite then acid ends in ous
acid
chlorate = ClO3- , HClO3 (aq) = chloric acid
chlorite = ClO2- , HClO2(aq) = chlorous acid
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Write the formulas of the following
acids
• iodic acid
• carbonic acid
• phosphorous acid
• answers
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Determine the formulas of the
following
•
•
•
•
•
magnesium nitride
iron (III) acetate
sulfur dioxide
hydrofluoric acid
nitrous acid
• Answers
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Chemical Nomenclature
Formula to Name
Types of Compounds
Ionic
Acids
Covalent
Contains a metal or a
polyatomic ion
H____(aq)
Name has word, acid, in it
Binary compound with two
nonmetals
Like ionic compound where H is
the metal
Name ions
Representative metals
(Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn, Cd and Ag)
Charge = group #
Name = element name
Ca2+ = calcium ion
Transition metals
(All others)
Nonmetal Ions
Monatomic
Charge given (in Roman
numerals) in name
Metal name(charge)
Fe3+ = iron (III)
Charge = group # - 8
Name = stemide
S2- = sulfide
Polyatomic ions
MEMORIZE
NO CHARGES
Name has number of each
element in the compound
Prefix-first element prefixsecondide
P2O5= diphosphorus
pentoxide
Binary Acids
Oxyacids
H—polyatomic ion
HX(aq)
Hydro-x-ic acid
Name depends on name of
polyatomic ion
HI(aq) = hydroiodic acid
If ion ends in ate then acid
ends in ic acid
If ion ends in ite then acid
ends in ous acid
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
chlorate = ClO3choric acid = HClO3(aq)
chlorite = ClO2chlorous acid = HClO2(aq)
Determine the Type of Compound
• 3 Types of Compounds
– Ionic
– Covalent
– Acids
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Types of compounds
Types of Compounds
Ionic
Acids
Covalent
Contains a metal or
a polyatomic ion
Binary compound with
two nonmetals
Name ions
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
H____(aq)
Name has word, acid, in it
Like ionic compound where
H is the metal
Identifying Ionic Compounds,
Formula to Name
• Contain a metal or polyatomic ion
– Identifying metals
• Look for symbol of metal
– Identifying polyatomic ions
• KNOW IONS
• All contain > 1 atom
• Compounds containing polyatomic ions will have
at least three elements
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
All of the following are ionic
• FeCl3:
• NaBr:
• Cr(NO3)3:
Fe is a metal
Na is a metal
Cr is a metal and NO3 is a
polyatomic ion
• MgCO3:
Mg is a metal and CO3 is a
polyatomic ion
• Ni(C2H3O2)2: Ni is a metal and C2H3O2 is a
polyatomic ion
• NH4I :
NH4 is a polyatomic ion
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Types of compounds
Types of Compounds
Ionic
Acids
Covalent
Contains a metal or a
polyatomic ion
Binary compound
with two nonmetals
Name ions
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
H____(aq)
Name has word, acid, in it
Like ionic compound where
H is the metal
Identifying Covalent Compounds
Covalent compounds are made from two
nonmetals
Formula to Name
– Check positions of the symbols on the
periodic table
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
All of the following are covalent
• PCl3:
P and Cl are nonmetals
• SeO2:
Se and O are nonmetals
• CCl4:
C and Cl are nonmetals
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Types of compounds
Types of Compounds
Ionic
Acids
Covalent
Contains a metal or a
polyatomic ion
Binary compound with
two nonmetals
Name ions
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
H____(aq)
Name has word, acid, in it
Like ionic compound where
H is the metal
Identifying Acids
Formula to name
– All acids begin with H and are aqueous,
therefore they have the subscript (aq)
• H_____(aq)
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
All of the Following are Acids
• HI(aq)
• H3PO4(aq)
• HC2H3O2(aq)
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Identifying Compound Type from
Formula
For each of the following, determine if it is
ionic, an acid, or covalent:
MoF6
CaCO3
HI(aq)
CSe2
Answers
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Determining Names of Ionic
Compounds
Name ions
4 types of ions
• Representative metal ions
• Transition and post transitional metal ions
– All others
• Monatomic nonmetal ions
• Polyatomic ions
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Chemical Nomenclature
Ionic Compounds
Ionic
Contains a metal or a polyatomic ion
Name Ions
Representative metals
(Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn,
Cd and Ag)
Name = element name
Nonmetal Ions
Transition metals
(All others)
Monatomic
Polyatomic ions
Charge given (in Roman
numerals) in name
Charge = group # - 8
Name = stemide
MEMORIZE
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Representative Metal Ions
• Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn, Cd and Ag
• Charge = group number
• Name = element name
– Ba2+
Barium ion:
– Al3+
Aluminum ion
– Zn2+
Zinc ion
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Name the following representative
metal ions
• Na+
• Cd2+
• Sr2+
• answers
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Chemical Nomenclature
Ionic Compounds
Ionic
Contains a metal or a polyatomic ion
Name Ions
Representative metals
(Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn, Cd
and Ag)
Name = element name
Transition metals
(All others)
Name = name (charge)
(Charge in Roman
numerals)
Nonmetal Ions
Monatomic
Polyatomic ions
Charge = group # - 8
Name = stemide
MEMORIZE
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Transition metal ions
• All other metals
– (includes post-transitional metals…IVA, VA,
VIA)
– Form >1 ion
• Name is metal name (charge)
– Charge is in Roman numerals
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Transition metal Ions
Ion Name:
Symbol and Charge
iron(II)
tin(IV)
tin(II)
chromium(VI)
Fe2+
Sn4+
Sn2+
Cr6+
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Determining names of transition
metal ions from formulas
Have to look at what it is combined with:
FeBr2
Ions:
Fe = transition metal:
iron( x ) (We need to determine the charge.)
Br = nonmetal ion:
We need to determine the charge on the iron. We can do this by looking at what it is combined with as
below where x represents the charge on the iron. We use the same method we used to determine formulas. We
find the least common multiple. Here we have the multipliers (subscripts)
Ion
subscript LCM
Fex
X 1
=
Br
X 2
= -2
Since the charge on the bromine is -1 and there are two of them, the LCM must be 2.
Ion
subscript
Fex
Br-
LCM
X 1
X 2
= 2
= -2
The total charge from the iron must be 2. Since there is only 1 iron ion, the charge on that ion (x) must be +2 so it
is
iron (II).
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Determine the names of the
transition metals in the following
• V3(PO4)5
• Sn(CO3)2
• answers
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Chemical Nomenclature
Ionic Compounds
Ionic
Contains a metal or a polyatomic ion
Name Ions
Representative metals
(Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn, Cd
and Ag)
Name = element name
Transition metals
(All others)
Name = name (charge)
(Charge in Roman
numerals)
Nonmetal Ions
Monatomic
Polyatomic ions
Charge = group # - 8
Name = stemide
MEMORIZE
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Names of Nonmetal ions
Name = stem---ide
Symbol
O2P3I-
Ion Name
oxide
phosphide
iodide
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Name the following nonmetal ions
• As3• S2• F• answers
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Chemical Nomenclature
Ionic Compounds
Ionic
Contains a metal or a polyatomic ion
Name Ions
Representative metals
(Group IA, IIA, IIIA, Zn, Cd
and Ag)
Name = element name
Transition metals
(All others)
Name = name (charge)
(Charge in Roman
numerals)
Nonmetal Ions
Monatomic
Polyatomic ions
Charge = group # - 8
Name = stemide
MEMORIZE
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Name the following ionic
compounds
•
•
•
•
SrI2
Al2(SO4)3
Cr2O3
Ti3(PO4)4
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Names of Ionic Compounds
SrI2
Ions:
Sr = representative metal:
I = nonmetal ion:
strontium
iodide
strontium iodide
Al2(SO4)3
Ions:
Al = representative metal:
SO42- = polyatomic ion:
aluminum
sulfate
aluminum sulfate
Cr2O3
Ions:
Cr = transition metal:
chromium( )
(Here, we need to determine the charge.)
oxide
chromium( ) oxide
O = nonmetal ion:
To finish, we need to determine the charge on the chromium as before
Ion
Crx
O2-
X
X
subscript
2
=
3
=
LCM
-6
Since the charge on the oxygen is -2 and there are three of them, the LCM must be 6.
Ion
subscript
Crx X 2
O2- X
3
=
=
LCM
6
-6
The total charge from the chromium must be 6. Since there are 2 chromium ions, the charge on the ions (x) must be +3 so it is chromium (III). The name is, therefore,
chromium(III)oxide
:
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Names of Ionic Compounds
Ti3(PO4)4
ions: Ti: transition metal:
PO43- polyatomic ion:
titanium( )
phosphate
Like we did for the last example:
Ion
Tix X
PO43- X
subscript LCM
3
=
4
= -12
The LCM must be 15 and the charge on the titanium must be 12/3 = 4. The name of
the ion is titanium(IV) as shown below:
Ion
Ti+4 X
PO43- X
So, the name will be:
subscript LCM
3
= 12
4
= -12
titanium(IV)phosphate
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Name the following ionic
compounds
•
•
•
•
CaCl2
Sr(C2H3O2)2
FeBr2
V3(PO4)5
• answers
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Types of compounds
Types of Compounds
Ionic
Acids
Covalent
Contains a metal or a
polyatomic ion
Binary compound
with two nonmetals
Name ions
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
H____(aq)
Name has word, acid, in it
Like ionic compound where
H is the metal
Covalent Compounds
• Binary Compounds between 2 nonmetals
• Formula tells name
– Prefix first element prefix secondide
• Prefixes are mono, di, tri, tetra, penta etc
• Prefixes are subscripts
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Covalent Compounds
Examples
CO
carbon monoxide
SCl6
sulfur hexachloride
N 2O 3
dinitrogen trioxide
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Name the following:
• CO2
• PCl3
• N2O
• answers
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Types of compounds
Types of Compounds
Ionic
Acids
Covalent
Contains a metal or a
polyatomic ion
Binary compound with
two nonmetals
Name ions
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
H____(aq)
Name has word, acid, in it
Like ionic compound where
H is the metal
Acid Nomenclature
Acids
H____(aq)
Name has word, acid, in it
Like ionic compound where H is the metal
Binary Acids
Oxyacids
H—polyatomic ion
HX(aq)
Hydro-x-ic acid
Name depends on name of polyatomic ion
HI(aq) = hydroiodic acid
If ion ends in ate then acid ends in ic acid
If ion ends in ite then acid ends in ous acid
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
chlorate = ClO3choric acid = HClO3(aq)
chlorite = ClO2chlorous acid = HClO2(aq)
Two Types of Acids
• Binary
– Only two elements
– HX
– Name is hydro x ic acid
• Example: hydrochloric acid = HCl
• Oxyacids
– Nonbinary
– Contain a polyatomic ion
• H-polyatomic (with appropriate subscripts)
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Names of Binary acids
• Formula is HX
• Name is hydro x ic acid
– Example, HCl is hydrochloric acid
• Determine the names of the following
binary acids
– HF(aq)
– HI(aq)
– H2Se(aq)
– answers
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Acid Nomenclature
Acids
H____(aq)
Name has word, acid, in it
Like ionic compound where H is the metal
Binary Acids
Oxyacids
H—polyatomic ion
HX(aq)
Hydro-x-ic acid
Name depends on name of polyatomic ion
HI(aq) = hydroiodic acid
If ion ends in ate then acid ends in ic acid
If ion ends in ite then acid ends in ous acid
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
chlorate = ClO3choric acid = HClO3(aq)
chlorite = ClO2chlorous acid = HClO2(aq)
Oxyacid Nomenclature
• Acid name related to name of polyatomic
ion
• If ion ends in ate then acid ends in ic acid
• If ion ends in ite then acid ends in ous
acid
chlorate = ClO3- , HClO3(aq) = chloric acid
chlorite = ClO2- , HClO2(aq) = chlorous acid
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Find the names of the following:
• H2SO4(aq)
– Ion is SO42-,which is sulfate.
• Acid is sulfuric acid
• HClO(aq)
– Ion is ClO-, which is hypochlorite.
• Acid is hypochlorous acid
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Name the following acids
• H3PO4(aq)
• H2SO3(aq)
• HBrO4(aq)
• answers
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Name the following
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
NaI
MnO2
N2H4
CaCO3
HIO4(aq)
BaNa2
answers
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Type of Compound From Name
• Ammonium sulfide: ammonium (NH4+) is a
polyatomic ion:
ionic
• Cesium chloride:
cesium (Cs) is a metal:
ionic
• Nitrogen triiodide: nitrogen (N) and iodine
(I) are nonmetals:
covalent
• Telluric acid:
has the word "acid" in the
name:
acid
Back
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Charges on representative metal
ions
• calcium ion: calcium is in group IIA :
Ca2+
• cadmium ion: cadmium is in group IIB
Cd2+
• potassium ion: potassium is in group IA:
K+
• Gallium ion: gallium is in group IIIA:
Ga3+
• Back
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Charges on nonmetal ions
• Sulfide:
group VI
6 – 8 = -2
group V
5 – 8 = -3
group VII
7 – 8 = -1
group IV
4 – 8 = -4
S2-
• Nitride:
N3• Chloride
Cl• Carbide
C4back
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Formulas of Ionic Compounds from
names (Answers)
sodium oxide:
symbols: Na, O
charges: Na: group 1 metal
O: group VI nonmetal
Na+ X 2 = 2
O 2- X 1 = -2 formula = Na2O
putting together
barium hydroxide:
symbols: Ba, OHcharges: Ba: group II metal
OH: polyatomic ion
putting together
==> Na+
==> O2-
==> Ba2+
==> OH-
Ba 2+ X 1 = 2
OH- X 2 = -2 formula = Ba(OH)2
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Formulas of Ionic Compounds from
names (Answers)
cobalt(II)iodide:
symbols: Co, I
charges: Co: transition metal
name says charge is 2 ==> Co2+
I: nonmetal in group VII ==> Iputting together
Co2+ X 1 = 2
I- X 2 = -2
formula = CoI2
ammonium sulfate:
symbols: both polyatomic ions so elements and charges
ammonium = NH4+
sulfate = SO42putting together
back
NH4+ X 2 = 2
SO42- X 1 = -2
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
formula = (NH4)2SO4
Covalent Compounds from Names
• carbon tetrabromide: 1 carbon, 4 bromine
CBr4
• sulfur difluoride: 1 sulfur, 2 fluorine
SF2
• dichlorine heptoxide: 2 chlorine, 7 oxygen Cl2O7
• back
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Binary acid or not
• Hydrobromic acid; has “hydro” in it
– binary
• Iodic acid; doesn’t have “hydro” in it
– not binary
• Nitrous acid; doesn’t have “hydro” in it
– not binary
• Hydroiodic acid, has “hydro” in it
– binary
• Phosphoric acid, doesn’t have “hydro” in it
– not binary
• back
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Formulas for binary acids
• Hydroiodic acid
– Other ion is iodine…I-1  HI(aq)
• Hydrobromic acid
– Other ion is bromine…Br-1  HBr(aq)
• Hydrosulfuric acid
– Other ion is sulfur…S2-  H2S(aq)
• back
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Formulas of Oxyacids
• Iodic acid
– from iodate, IO3- since only one negative charge, we
need only one H, acid is HIO3(aq)
• carbonic acid
– from carbonate, CO32-, since there are 2 negative
charges, we need 2 H, acid is H2CO3(aq)
• phosphorous acid
•
– from phosphite, PO33- since there are 3 negative
charges, we need 3 H, acid is H3PO3(aq)
back
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Name to Formula Answers
magnesium nitride: Magnesium is a metal so this is an ionic
compound.
magnesium
nitride ==> N
==> Mg ==> Mg2+
==> N3-
Mg3N2
iron(III)acetate: Iron is a transition metal so this is an ionic
compound.
iron(III) ==> Fe3+
Fe(C2H3O2)3
acetate ==> C2H3O2Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Name to Formula Answers
sulfur dioxide: Both sulfur and oxygen are nonmetals so this is a covalent compound.
There is one sulfur and two oxygens.
SO2
hydrofluoric acid: Since it begins with "hydro" it is a binary acid so there are only
hydrogen and fluorine.
H ==> H+
HF(aq)
F ==> FNitrous acid: This is not a binary acid. It is an oxyacid. Since the acid name ends in
ous acid, the ion must have been nitrite, NO2-. We have NO2- and H+
H+
HNO2(aq)
NO2back
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Type of Compound From Formula
• MoF6: Mo (molybdenum) is a metal:
ionic
• CaCO3: Ca (calcium) is a metal:
ionic
• HI(aq) : begins with H and is aqueous:
acid
• CSe2 : C (carbon) and Se (selenium) are
nonmetals:
covalent
Back
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Names of representative metal ions
• Na+
sodium ion
• Cd2+
cadmium ion
• Sr2+
strontium ion
• back
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Names of Transition metal ions
V3(PO4)5
ions:
V: transition metal:
vanadium(
)
PO43- : polyatomic ion
Ion
Vx
PO43-
subscript LCM
X 3
=
X 5
= -15
The LCM must be 15 and the charge on the vanadium must be 15/3 = 5 as shown below:
Ion
subscript LCM
V+5
X 3
= 15
PO43- X 5
= -15
The charge on vanadium is +5 so the name of the vanadium ion is:
vanadium(V)
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Names of Transition metal ions
Sn(CO3)2
ions:
Sn: post-transition metal:
tin(
)
CO32- : polyatomic ion
Ion
Snx
CO32-
subscript LCM
X 1
=
X 2
= -4
The LCM must be 4 and the charge on the tin must be 4/1 = 4 as shown below:
Ion
Sn+4
CO32-
subscript LCM
X 1
= 4
X 2
= -4
The charge on tin is +4 so the name of the tin ion is:
tin(IV)
back
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Names of nonmetal ions
• Name = stem---ide
• As3• S2• F-
arsenide
sulfide
fluoride
• back
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Names of ionic compounds
(Answers)
CaCl2:
Ions: Ca = representative metal: calcium
Cl = nonmetal ion:
chloride
calcium chloride
Sr(C2H3O2)2:
Ions: Sr = representative metal: strontium
C2H3O2 = polyatomic ion: acetate
strontium acetate
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Names of ionic compounds
(Answers)
FeBr2
Ions:
Fe = transition metal:
Br = nonmetal ion:
iron( )
bromide
iron( ) bromide
Determining the charge on the iron.
Ion
subscript LCM
x
Fe
X 1
= 2
BrX 2
= -2
The total charge from the iron must be 2. Since there is only 1 iron ion, the charge on that ion (x) must be +2 so it
is iron (II). The name is, therefore,
iron(II)bromide
V3(PO4)5
ions:
V: transition metal:
vanadium(
PO43-: polyatomic ion:
phosphate
Like we did for the last example:
Ion
subscript LCM
x
V
X 3 = 15
3PO4 X 5 = -15
)
The total charge from the vanadium must be15. Since there are 3 vanadiums, the charge on the ions must be15/3
= 5 so the name of the ions is vanadium (V) and the name of the compound is:
vanadium(V) phosphate
back
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Names of Covalent Compounds
• CO2 : one carbon and 2 oxygens ==>
carbon dioxide
• PCl3: one phosphorus, 3 chlorines ==>
phosphorus trichloride
• N2O: two nitrogen, one oxygen ==>
dinitrogen monoxide
• back
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Names of Binary Acids
• HF(aq) = hydrofluoric acid
• HI(aq) = hydroiodic acid
• H2Se(aq) = hyroselenic acid
• back
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Names of oxyacids
• H3PO4(aq)
– PO43- is phosphate so the acid is phosphoric
acid
• H2SO3(aq)
– SO32- is sulfite so the acid is sulfurous acid
• HBrO4(aq)
– BrO4- is perbromate so the acid is perbromic
acid
• back
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Names from formulas
•
NaI:
–
Na is a representative metal. This is an ionic compound. Since sodium is a representative
metal, we don't have to specify its charge. Iodine is nonmetal ion.
sodium iodide
•
MnO2:
–
Manganese is a transition metal. This is an ionic compound. Because manganese is a
transition metal, we have to determine its charge. Oxygen has a charge of -2 and there are 2
of them, so there is a total of -4 in the compound. Therefore, the manganese must be +4.
Oxygen is nonmetal ion.
manganese (IV) oxide
•
N2H4:
–
N and H are both nonmetals and there are 2 (di) nitrogens and 4 (tetra) hydrogens.
dinitrogen tetrahydride
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006
Names from formulas
• CaCO3:
– Calcium is a representative metal and CO32- is a
polyatomic ion.
calcium carbonate
• HIO4(aq):
– This is an acid. It contains a polyatomic ion...IO4which is periodate
periodic acid
• BaNa2 : two metals?..
try writing it BaNaNa…or perhaps Banana…..
It’s a banana! Ha! Ha! Ha!
Copyright Robert Fremland 2006