Transcript Alicia Díaz Marcos Alicia Díaz Alicia Díaz Marcos Alicia Díaz Marcos.

Alicia Díaz Marcos
Alicia Díaz
Alicia Díaz Marcos
Alicia Díaz Marcos
STATE OF MATTER
STATE
MASS
VOLUME
SHAPE
FLUENCY
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/character.html
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/index.htm
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Alicia Díaz Marcos
STATE OF MATTER
STATE
MASS
VOLUME
SHAPE
FLUENCY
SOLID
CONSTANT
CONSTANT
CONSTANT
NO
LIQUID
CONSTANT
CONSTANT
VARIABLE
YES
GAS
CONSTANT
VARIABLE
VARIABLE
YES
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/character.html
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/index.html
Alicia Díaz Marcos
Alicia Díaz Marcos
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
PURE
SUBSTANCE
ELEMENTS
MIXTURE
COMPOUNDS
HOMOGENEOUS
(SOLUTIONS)
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HETEROGENEOUS
(SUSPENSIONS,
COLLOIDS, ETC.)
PURE SUBSTANCE
A material with a constant composition, its characteristic properties do not
change, in the same conditions of temperature and pressure
Element: Substance formed by only one type of atom.
For example: gold (Au), silver (Ag), carbon (C), oxygen (O) and
hydrogen (H)
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PURE SUBSTANCE
A material with a constant composition, its characteristic properties do not
change, in the same conditions of temperature and pressure
Simple substances Equal molecules with only one type of
atom
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PURE SUBSTANCE
A material with a constant composition, its characteristic properties do not
change, in the same conditions of temperature and pressure
Compounds: A substance that contains two or more elements,
the atoms of these elements always combining in the same
whole-number ratio.
For example: water, carbon dioxide, sodium bicarbonate, carbon
monoxide
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MIXTURE
A material with two or more substances
Homogeneous: It has the same properties at all its points and have
only one phase. We can call this type of mixture, dissolution or solutions.
Heterogeneous: It has not the same properties at all their points and
are made up of more than one phase
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/solutions/character.html
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Alicia Díaz Marcos
SOLUTIONS
1. COMPONENTS OF A SOLUTIONS
2. TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
2.1. ACCORDING TO THE STATE OF AGGREGATION
2.2. ACCORDING TO THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE
2.3. DEPENDING ON THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE DISSOLVED IN THE SOLUTION
3. WAYS OF EXPRESSING THE CONCENTRATION OF A SOLUTION
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COMPONENTS OF SOLUTIONS
• SOLUTE: is the component of the mixture that
has the minor proportion
• SOLVENT: is the component of the mixture that
has the major proportion
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TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
2.1. ACCORDING TO THE STATE OF AGGREGATION
2.2. ACCORDING TO THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE
2.3. DEPENDING ON THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE
DISSOLVED IN THE SOLUTION
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ACCORDING TO THE STATE OF AGGREGATION
SOLUT
SOLVENT
SOLUTION
Gas
Liquid
EXAMPLE
Air
Gas
GAS
Moist air
Solid
airborne dust
Gas
Coca cola
Liquid
Liquid
LIQUID
Water and alcohol
Solid
Colacao milk
Gas
Hydrogen in palladium
Liquid
Solid
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Solid
SOLID
Amalgams
Alloys
ACCORDING TO THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE
• CONCENTRATED: Large amounts of solute
• DILUTED: small amounts of solute
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DEPENDING ON THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE DISSOLVED
IN THE SOLUTION
• SATURATED: It has the maximum
amount of solute that the solvent can
dissolve at a given temperature
• UNSATURATED: It has the least amount
of solute than the solvent can dissolve at
a given temperature
• SUPERSATURATED: It has more solute
than the solvent is capable of dissolving at
a given temperature
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WAYS OF EXPRESSING THE CONCENTRATION OF A SOLUTION
• Percent by mass
• Percent by volume
• Grams per liter
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% mass solut
m solut

100
m solution
% Volume solut
g/L 
V solut

100
V solution
g solut
L solution
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SOLUBILITY
The solubility of a solute is the maximum quantity of solute that can
dissolve in a certain quantity of solvent or quantity of solution at a
specified temperature.
The main factors that have an effect on solubility are:
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Alicia Díaz Marcos
Of
different
sizes
Separation
of solids
SIEVE
Of different
magnetic
properties
Of different
solubility in
different
solvents
Soluble
SEPARATION
OF MIXTURES
Separation
of solids
and liquids
solid
MAGNETIC
SEPARATION
EXTRACTION
EVAPORATION
CRYSTALLIZATION
FILTRATION
Insoluble
solid
CENTRIFUGE
DISTILLATION
Miscible
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Separation
of liquids
Immiscibles
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DECANTING
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qR8U1PwTFNk
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