Week: 1

“

Fish Physiology”

Adopted from: Dr. Eric B. May, Fish Physiology Some General Processes Feeding and Digestion Growth and Metabolism

Dr. Ir. Happy Nursyam, MS Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty Brawijaya Universiya, Indonesia 2009

Introduction

Active Transport Mechanisms

• A – Cosymport or symport movement of ions or molecules via ionic gate or macromolecule • B – Antiport movement of ions or molecules via ionic gate or macromolecule A B

Trans-Membrane Transport of Macromolecules

• 1 Attachement of molecule to receptor or surface • 2 Involution of surface • 3 Engulfment of molecule • 4 Pinching off and import of macromolecule into the cell

Feeding and Digestion

My Best Subject

Feeding

Energy Budgets

• •

Intake ( I = Income) Macronutrients

–

Carbohydrates

– –

Fats/Oils Proteins Micronutrients

– –

Vitamins Essential

• • •

Fatty Acids Amino Acids Sugars

• • • • • •

Energy Use (E = Expenditure) Respiration Osmoregulation Movement Feeding Digestion Reproduction IF I = E Growth = 0 I < E I > E Growth = Growth = +

Grouping by Diet (Continued) • Herbivores • Detritivores • Carnivores } Usually a function of co-adaptation of mouth and digestive tract, ie 1. Menhaden – Gizzard, elongated large intestine 2. Striped Bass – Muscular stomach, short intestines 3. Butterfly Fish – Coiled small and large intestines

Absorption Lipids • Lipids – Bile Emulsification – Absorption – Conversion to Lipoproteins (Complex Aggregates of Macromolecules) – Volatile Fatty Acids Directly Absorbed (Small Sized Molecules with polar/nonpolar groups

Absorption (Continued) Absorption and Mobilization of Fatty Acids

Absorption (Continued) Carbohydrates • Active Co-transport (Anti port) of Simple Sugars • Sodium Ion – Moves out Passively in Response to Solute Gradient • If Protein Gates Saturated no Futher Absorption • Cellulose, Though Complex Carbohydrate is Fermented into Volatile Fatty Acids Cell Protein is specific to Monosaccharide Type Lumen

Monosaccharides Sodium Ion

Absorption (Continued) Proteins • Mono-peptides (Amino Acids) – CoTransport (Antiport) via Na Linked System – Movement Between Cells • Di-peptides – CoTransport (Antiport) – Pinocytosis • Poly-peptides – Pinocytosis Gut Lumen Blood Mono Mono and Di Di and Poly

Back to Normal Issue of Ontogenic Shifts Getting Better This aint right Adult Juvenile Larvae

Increasing Gape Size Gut Maturation