Week: 1 “Fish Physiology” Adopted from: Dr. Eric B. May, Fish Physiology Some General Processes Feeding and Digestion Growth and Metabolism Dr.
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Week: 1
“
Fish Physiology”
Adopted from: Dr. Eric B. May, Fish Physiology Some General Processes Feeding and Digestion Growth and Metabolism
Dr. Ir. Happy Nursyam, MS Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty Brawijaya Universiya, Indonesia 2009
Introduction
Active Transport Mechanisms
• A – Cosymport or symport movement of ions or molecules via ionic gate or macromolecule • B – Antiport movement of ions or molecules via ionic gate or macromolecule A B
Trans-Membrane Transport of Macromolecules
• 1 Attachement of molecule to receptor or surface • 2 Involution of surface • 3 Engulfment of molecule • 4 Pinching off and import of macromolecule into the cell
Feeding and Digestion
My Best Subject
Feeding
Energy Budgets
• •
Intake ( I = Income) Macronutrients
–
Carbohydrates
– –
Fats/Oils Proteins Micronutrients
– –
Vitamins Essential
• • •
Fatty Acids Amino Acids Sugars
• • • • • •
Energy Use (E = Expenditure) Respiration Osmoregulation Movement Feeding Digestion Reproduction IF I = E Growth = 0 I < E I > E Growth = Growth = +
Grouping by Diet (Continued) • Herbivores • Detritivores • Carnivores } Usually a function of co-adaptation of mouth and digestive tract, ie 1. Menhaden – Gizzard, elongated large intestine 2. Striped Bass – Muscular stomach, short intestines 3. Butterfly Fish – Coiled small and large intestines
Absorption Lipids • Lipids – Bile Emulsification – Absorption – Conversion to Lipoproteins (Complex Aggregates of Macromolecules) – Volatile Fatty Acids Directly Absorbed (Small Sized Molecules with polar/nonpolar groups
Absorption (Continued) Absorption and Mobilization of Fatty Acids
Absorption (Continued) Carbohydrates • Active Co-transport (Anti port) of Simple Sugars • Sodium Ion – Moves out Passively in Response to Solute Gradient • If Protein Gates Saturated no Futher Absorption • Cellulose, Though Complex Carbohydrate is Fermented into Volatile Fatty Acids Cell Protein is specific to Monosaccharide Type Lumen
Monosaccharides Sodium Ion
Absorption (Continued) Proteins • Mono-peptides (Amino Acids) – CoTransport (Antiport) via Na Linked System – Movement Between Cells • Di-peptides – CoTransport (Antiport) – Pinocytosis • Poly-peptides – Pinocytosis Gut Lumen Blood Mono Mono and Di Di and Poly
Back to Normal Issue of Ontogenic Shifts Getting Better This aint right Adult Juvenile Larvae
Increasing Gape Size Gut Maturation