Transcript CASE OF LANDLOCKED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES HARNESSING ICT OPPORTUNITIES Dr. Cosmas ZAVAZAVA Chief of Department, Projects and Knowledge Management, ITU UNITED NATIONS HEADQUARTERS NEW YORK, 20 -21 MARCH 2013

CASE OF LANDLOCKED DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
HARNESSING ICT OPPORTUNITIES
Dr. Cosmas ZAVAZAVA
Chief of Department,
Projects and Knowledge
Management, ITU
UNITED NATIONS HEADQUARTERS
NEW YORK, 20 -21 MARCH 2013
LLDCs: MIXED BAG
RWANDA
NIGER
UGANDA
CHAD
ETHIOPIA
BURKINA FASO
BURUNDI
LAO
16
NEPAL
MALAWI
BHUTAN
ZAMBIA
LESOTHO
AFGHANISTAN
CENTRAL AFRICAN
REPUBLIC
MALI
15
KAZAKHSTAN
AZERBAIJAN
TURKMENISTAN
FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC
OF MACEDONIA
PARAGUAY
TAJIKISTAN
KYRGYZSTAN
MONGOLIA
MOLDOVA
BOLIVIA
BOTSWANA
ARMENIA
SWAZILAND
ZIMBABWE
UZBEKISTAN
Committed to connecting the World
WHERE ARE THE LLDCs?
EUROPE (4)
ASIA (10)
LATIN AMERICA (2)
AFRICA (15)
Committed to connecting the World
CHALLENGES
• DEPENDENCY ON NEIGHBORING AND COASTAL
COUNTRIES FOR CONNECTIVITY
• LOW INTEREST TO INVEST IN ICT INFRASTRUCTURE IN
LLDCs
• INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT COSTS ARE HIGH
• TRANSPORT ROUTES TO LLDCs ARE DIFFICULT, LONG AND
EXPENSIVE
• REMOTENESS FROM WORLD MARKETS
• A HIGH VULNERABILITY TO EXTERNAL SHOCKS
Committed to connecting the World
BUT THERE ARE OPPORTUNITIES … FOR SOME
6.8 BILLION MOBILE-CELLULAR SUBSCRIPTIONS WORLD WIDE
HIGH GROWTH IN MOBILE BROADBAND
SUBSCRIPTIONS WORLDWIDE
2.7 BILLION PEOPLE ARE ONLINE THAT TOTALS TO 750 MILLION HOUSEHOLDS
ESTIMATED MORE THAN 2 BILLION MOBILE BROADBAND SUBSCRIPTIONS BY THE END OF 2013
Committed to connecting the World
Fixed (wired) - broadband monthly
subscription charges, in USD
25.80
2630
108.11
21.76
23.87
110
2023
20.65
20.94
17.81
83
63.05
15
13
55
12.48
50.01
10.18
42.38
8
7
28
0
0
33.67
0
Turkey
Brazil
Niger
LLDC
Armenia
Mali
Bolivia
Cote d'Ivoire
Russia
Rwanda
Chile
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Paraguay
TRANSIT COUNTRY
Committed to connecting the World
International Internet bandwidth, in Mbit/s
52,938
60000
3000000
3000000
2,480,000
2,219,450
45000
2250000
2250000
30000
1500000
1500000
1,052,160
18,887
750000
15000
750000
8,000
210
0
0 0
Niger
1,550
22,020
14,355
50
Turkey
Brazil
Chad
LLDC
MaliArmenia
Bolivia
3,381
190,000
160,000
180
14,885
Cote d'Ivoire
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Paraguay
Uganda
Russia Rwanda
Chile
Burundi
TRANSIT COUNTRY
Committed to connecting the World
SATELLITE IS EVEN MORE COSTLY
To meet current demands
using satellite by lowering
costs through Space
Segment Consolidation
efforts.
Committed to connecting the World
BUT WE ARE TAKING ACTION …
ITU PLENIPOTENTIARY CONFERENCE
• RESOLUTION 30 (Rev. Guadalajara, 2010) - Special measures for the
least developed countries, small island developing states, landlocked
developing countries and countries with economies in transition
WORLD TELECOMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT
CONFERENCE
• RESOLUTION 16 (Rev. Hyderabad, 2010) - Special actions and
measures for the least developed countries, small island developing
states, landlocked developing countries and countries with economies in
transition
WORLD CONFERENCE ON INTERNATIONAL
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
• RESOLUTION PLEN/1 (DUBAI, 2012) - Special measures for
landlocked developing countries and small island developing states for
access to international optical fibre networks
Committed to connecting the World
MISSION TO CONNECT THE WORLD
2013
Committed to connecting the World
ACTION ON THE GROUND – PRIORITY AREAS
Committed to connecting the World
ITU ACTIVITIES
ITU-D
Vital role in developing policy,
regulation, and legal frameworks.
Implements ICT projects and activities
across the Globe
ITU-R
ITU-T
Vital role in global management
of
the
radio-frequency
spectrum and satellite orbits
Vital
role
in
developing
international standards defining
elements in the interoperability
of ICT global infrastructure.
Radio Regulations
V - Series
Committed to connecting the World
DIGITAL OPPORTUNITIES ARE IN
BROADBAND
“In the 21st century, affordable broadband access to the Internet is
becoming as vital to social and economic development as networks
like transport, water and power”
– Dr Hamadoun Touré, ITU Secretary-General
Making broadband policy
universal.
Making
broadband
affordable
Connecting homes to
broadband
Enhancing
access to broadband
All countries should have a national broadband plan or strategy or include
broadband in their Universal Access / Service Definitions.
Entry-level broadband services should be made affordable in developing
countries through adequate regulation and market forces (amounting to less
than 5% of average monthly income).
40% of households in developing countries should have Internet access.
Internet user penetration should reach 60% worldwide, 50% in developing
countries and 15% in LDCs.
Committed to connecting the World
GDP
GROWTH
BROADBAND GROWTH OF 10 %
EMERGING OPPORTUNITIES FOR LLDCs
B more
0.1% – 1.5%
1.5%
GDP/Year
Labor Productivity over 5 Years
Committed to connecting the World
BROADBAND IN LLDCs!
Committed to connecting the World
How to make it work?
Reduce Costs!!!!
Cost Factors for Broadband
REGULATORY
ENVIRONMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE SHARING
NATIONAL BACKBONE
COMPETITION
POLICY
ACCESS NETWORK
INTERNATIONAL CONNECTIVITY
Committed to connecting the World
RECOMMENDED ICT RELATED ACTIONS
PRIORITY AREAS
ACTIONS
FUNDAMENTAL TRANSIT POLICY ISSUES
• ICT Global Policy and Regulatory Framework
Harmonization
• Human and Institutional Capacity Bulding
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND
MAINTENANCE
• Infrastructure Development Projects
• Introduction of Sustainable Business Models
• National Broadband Plans and Strategies
INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TRADE
FACILITATION
INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT MEASURES
• E-Business, e-Government, e-Banking, eTrading, PKI for Secure Transactions,
Cybersecurity
• Facilitating Access to technologies and
transfer of know how.
• Forging Partnerships (Gvts, IGOs, Industry)
• Concentrated Assistance, reporting.
IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW
Committed to connecting the World
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ICT
•
POLITICAL WILL IN SUPPORT OF ICT GROWTH AND REGIONAL
HARMONIZATION OF ICT POLICY, LEGAL AND REGULATORY REGIMES
•
ATTRACT INVESTMENT WITH INCENTIVES THAT PROMOTE
COMPETITION: AFFORDABILITY, BETTER QoS
•
IMPLEMENT MULTI-SECTOR INFRASTRUCTURE SHARING: ROADS,
POWER AND COMMUNICATIONS
•
ADOPT BUSINESS MODELS WITH HIGH RETURN ON INVESTMENT
•
DEVELOP JOINT TRANSPORT ROUTES TO LLDCs TO FACILITATE TRADE
AND TRAVEL
•
BRING WORLD MARKETS CLOSER: ICT COLLAPSES DISTANCE AND TIME
•
PREPARE CONTINGENCY PLANS TO REDUCE VULNERABILITY TO
EXTERNAL SHOCKS
•
LOWER SATELLITE COSTS THROUGH SPACE SEGMENT
CONSOLIDATION EFFORTS.
Committed to connecting the World
cosmas.zavazava(at)itu.int
Committed to connecting the World