Transcript Spreadsheet Download http://www.dot.state.mn.us/stateaid/fwd.html Beltrami-FWD-ViewerTool-Ver2.xlsm OtterTail-FWD-ViewerTool-Ver2.xlsm (No spaces, underscores, or periods.) backdefl.txt TONN2010.dll FWD Viewer Tool with TONN 2010 and Overlays Background – Application - Case Study Fall 2013 –

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http://www.dot.state.mn.us/stateaid/fwd.html
Beltrami-FWD-ViewerTool-Ver2.xlsm
OtterTail-FWD-ViewerTool-Ver2.xlsm
(No spaces, underscores, or periods.)
backdefl.txt
TONN2010.dll
FWD Viewer Tool
with TONN 2010 and Overlays
Background – Application - Case Study
Fall 2013 – Spring 2014
Dr. W. James Wilde, P.E.
Professor, Minnesota State University
Director, Center for Transportation Research and Implementation
Mankato, Minnesota
Outline
• Basic Tool Operation
• Overlay Method
• Technical Background
• Case Studies
• Tips for Requesting FWD Testing
• Troubleshooting
Statewide FWD Testing
Tier 1 Testing
3,431 Road Segments
8,887 Miles
90,559 Test Locations
366,832 FWD Drops
Structural Capacity
< 9 Tons
9-10 Tons
> 10 Tons
FWD Viewer Tool
Individual county tools are
available on the State Aid
web site.
Statewide Data
ADT
< 300
301 – 750
751 – 1,500
1,500 – 5,000
> 5,000
% ≥ 10 Ton
84
83
84
78
77
Miles*
1,341
2,435
1,311
968
557
*Locations without complete pavement information are not included.
Outline
Basic Tool Operation
Basic Tool Operation
Initial View
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• Initial view
• Version numbers
• Major functions – instructions,
settings, traffic, overlay, print
• Roadway Segment Selection
• Data Display
Basic Tool Operation
Initial View
Basic Tool Operation
Verify Versions
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Basic Tool Operation
Major Functions
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Basic Tool Operation
Select Roadway Segment
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Basic Tool Operation
Available Data
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Basic Tool Operation
Available Data
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Basic Tool Operation
Pre-Computed TONN 2010 Data
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Basic Tool Operation
Revised TONN 2010 Computations
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Basic Tool Operation
Revised TONN 2010 Computations
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Basic Tool Operation
Sample Printed Report
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Basic Tool Operation
User Settings
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Basic Tool Operation
File Locations
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Must change Excel Macro Security
settings temporarily.
Basic Tool Operation
Temporarily Suspend Security Settings
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• File/Options/Trust Center/Trust
Center Settings/Macro Settings/
• Check “Trust access to the VBA
project object model”
• Click OK, then OK again
• Change the file location
• Go back to Macro Settings and
Uncheck “Trust access to…”
Basic Tool Operation
User-Defined Traffic
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Basic Tool Operation
User-Defined Traffic
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• If modifications are made to the
traffic entries, TONN 2010 must be
recomputed to ensure current
information.
• This can take several minutes
depending on the roadway length
and computer speed.
Outline
Overlay Method
Overlay Method
Send Selected Segment to Overlay Design Module
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Overlay Method
User Options
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Overlay Method
Check Segment Consistency
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Overlay Method
Check Segment Consistency
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Overlay Method
Divide into Analysis Segments
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Overlay Method
Data Evaluation
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• As always, consider localized full-depth
repairs.
Overlay Method
Results
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
80% Reliability
Technical
Background
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Projected TONN 2010 Rating
FWD Testing Tips
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Segment 1
Segment 2
Segment 3
Segment 4
Segment 5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Overlay Thickness, in
3.0
3.5
4.0
Overlay Method
Results
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
95% Reliability
Technical
Background
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Projected TONN 2010 Rating
FWD Testing Tips
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Segment 1
Segment 2
Segment 3
Segment 4
Segment 5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Overlay Thickness, in
3.0
3.5
4.0
Overlay Method
What is the Proper Reliability Level?
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
• AASHTO Levels of Reliability
FWD Testing Tips
Recommended Level of
Reliability
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Functional Classification
Urban
Rural
Interstate and other Freeways
85-99.9
80-99.9
Principal Arterial
80-99
75-95
Collector
80-95
75-95
Local
50-80
50-80
Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, AASHTO, 1993
Overlay Method
Variability and Reliability
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
The segment on the left has higher
variability than the one on the right.
Overlay Method
Variability and Reliability
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• Since reliability is tied to the
variability of the segment, higher
variability leads to lower expected
TONN rating.
• If we are not as sure of the
predicted results we can’t make
claims of higher TONN ratings.
Outline
Technical Background
Technical Background
TONN 2010
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• Spring Load Capacity
• Work by Dr. Lev Khazanovich
• Based on Damage Models
– Fatigue Cracking
– Subgrade Permanent Deformation
– Base Failure
Technical Background
TONN 2010
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• MnPAVE models were selected after
evaluating many others
– MnPAVE is a mechanistic-empirical
design procedure
– Calibrated to Minnesota low volume
roads
– Requires fewer inputs than many other
models
Technical Background
TONN 2010
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
• Fatigue Cracking
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Nf=C ∙ 0.001KF1∙ɛh-3.291 ∙E-0.854
• C = correction factor (based on material
properties)
• KF1 = calibration factor for R-value
designs
• Ɛh = maximum tensile horizontal strain at
the bottom of the AC layer
• E = AC modulus
Technical Background
TONN 2010
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
• Subgrade Permanent Deformation
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Nd=0.0261∙ɛc-2.35
• Ɛc = maximum compressive vertical
strain at the top of the subgrade
Technical Background
TONN 2010
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
• Base Shear Failure Criteria
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
𝜎1 < 𝜎1𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 𝜎3
tan2
𝜙
𝜙
45 +
+ 2𝐶 tan 45 +
2
2
• 1 = maximum allowable major principal
stress
• 3 = minor principal stress, or confining
pressure for triaxial test
• C = cohesion
•  = internal friction angle, degrees
• Base layer is predicted to fail when 1
> 1critical
Technical Background
TONN 2010
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• MnPAVE climatic parameters are
pre-programmed for each county
Technical Background
TONN 2010
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• Analysis Steps
– Backcalculation of FWD drops
– Temperature and seasonal adjustment
of backcalculated moduli
– Estimate structural response
– Conduct damage analysis
– Select critical load capacity
Technical Background
FWD Device
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Technical Background
Backcalculation
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Distance from FWD Load, in
Technical
Background
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
2
FWD Deflection, mils
Troubleshooting
4
Predicted
6
8
10
12
14
Measured
70
80
Technical Background
Structural Response
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Asphalt
Troubleshooting
Between Wheels
Under Wheel
Base
Subgrade
Technical Background
Damage Analysis
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• Develop TONN ratings for
– Asphalt Cracking
– Subgrade Rutting
– Base Shear Failure
– Differential Deflections
• Use minimum value for the TONN
rating
Technical Background
Overlay Method
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Overlay
Asphalt
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Base
Subgrade
Technical Background
Overlay Method
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• Compute layer moduli based on:
– Reliability inputs
– Pavement structure
– Default or User-supplied Traffic
– Measured FWD data
• Add asphalt overlay thickness
Technical Background
Overlay Method
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• Compute new predicted deflections
• Run full TONN 2010 analysis
Technical Background
Overlay Method
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
• Repeat as necessary with greater
overlay thickness
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Overlay
Asphalt
Base
Subgrade
AXLE
WEIGHT
LIMIT
10
7896 TONS
Technical Background
Overlay Method
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
80% Reliability
Technical
Background
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Projected TONN 2010 Rating
FWD Testing Tips
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Segment 1
Segment 2
Segment 3
Segment 4
Segment 5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Overlay Thickness, in
3.0
3.5
4.0
Technical Background
Overlay Method
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
95% Reliability
Technical
Background
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Projected TONN 2010 Rating
FWD Testing Tips
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Segment 1
Segment 2
Segment 3
Segment 4
Segment 5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Overlay Thickness, in
3.0
3.5
4.0
Technical Background
Overlay Design Segmentation
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• Benefits
– Potential savings in cost and materials
– More targeted design
• Disadvantages
– Multiple overlay thickness designs on
a single roadway
– Contractors, inspectors, and engineers
must keep track
Technical Background
Reliability
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• What is reliability?
• AASHTO definition
“The reliability of a pavement designperformance process is the probability
that a pavement section designed using
the process will perform satisfactorily
over the traffic and environmental
conditions for the design period”
Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, AASHTO, 1993
Technical Background
Reliability
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• What does “perform satisfactorily”
mean?
• What is the “design period”?
• What are traffic and environmental
conditions?
Technical Background
“Perform Satisfactorily”
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• Meet performance criteria
– Cracking
– Rutting
– PSI
– PCI
– SR
– Others?
Technical Background
“Design Period”
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• Meet performance criteria over the
design period
– 20 years?
– 40?
– 60?
Technical Background
“Design Period”
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
• What is the design period?
FWD Testing Tips
4.5
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
Pavement Condition
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
Expected Performance
1
Expected Upper and Lower Bounds
0.5
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Age of Pavement, years
18
20
22
24
Outline
Tips for Requesting
FWD Testing
Tips on FWD Testing
Testing Request
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• Request specific segmentation
– CSAH 2
• TH-1 X-ING to CSAH-11 LT
• CSAH-11 LT to TH-59 X-ING
• TH-59 X-ING to CSAH-12 X-ING
– CSAH 2
• 0.000 to 6.610
• 6.610 to 14.820
• 14.820 to 20.460
Tips on FWD Testing
Testing Request
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• Specify that results are to be
reported according to segmentation
requested
• Ask for each segment to be
reported in its own “Session”
• In addition to any paper report,
request MS Access database file
containing all data collected
Tips on FWD Testing
Additional Required Information
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
•
•
•
•
•
•
AADT (from State Aid, or TDA)
Urban or Rural (for classification purposes)
Number of lanes (both directions)
Bituminous layer thickness
Base layer thickness
Subgrade soil type (P, SP, NP)
Outline
Case Studies
Case Studies
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
• Cottonwood County – CSAH 6
– Segment Split
Troubleshooting
• Lake County – CSAH 2
– High and Low Variability
• Douglas County – CSAH 45
– Inconsistent Data
• Goodhue County – CSAH 6
– Multiple Segments, Different Variability
Levels
Outline
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• “DLL Version: Not Found”
– Make sure the file TONN2010.dll is in
the “C:\TONN2010” folder or in the
folder specified in the “Settings\File
Locations” area.
Troubleshooting
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• No data are shown in the “Allowable
Spring Axle Load” plot
– Some roadway segments do not have
all required input data (Bit Thickness,
Base Thickness, Soil Type)
Troubleshooting
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• “TONN2010” and “User-Revised
TONN2010” plots are different when
no changes were made.
– Some segments have different AADT
levels (data provided by MnDOT TDA
Office). The “Revised TONN2010”
computations assume that the AADT is
constant. In the Overlay Design
Module, segments can be subdivided
to account for this.
Troubleshooting
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• Overlay Thickness results are not
always smooth lines or curves
– The TONN2010 analysis is not a linear
equation, and utilizes several
components in arriving at a
recommended overlay thickness.
Sometimes the analysis gives slightly
different results for similar thicknesses.
The results are consistent, however, if
the same analyses are conducted
multiple times.
Troubleshooting
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
Troubleshooting
• TONN 2010 values become
constant with increasing overlay
thickness
– The TONN2010 analysis is limited to
bituminous thickness of 9 inches. If
the overlay thickness increases and
exceeds this limit, the TONN2010
analysis caps the thickness at 9
inches.
Troubleshooting
Basic Tool Operation
Overlay Method
Technical
Background
FWD Testing Tips
Case Studies
• Other questions?
– Please submit “bug reports” to:
Troubleshooting
Jim Wilde
[email protected]
507-389-5252
or
Joel Ulring
State Aid Pavement Engineer
[email protected]
651-366-3831
FWD Viewer Tool
with TONN 2010 and Overlays
Background – Case Study – Application
Thank you