Transcript The MAD challenge The origins of MCAO, the history of the project, the results on-sky E.Marchetti, R.Brast, B.Delabre, R.Donaldson, E.Fedrigo, C.Frank, N.Hubin, J.Kolb,

The MAD challenge
The origins of MCAO, the history of the project, the results on-sky
E.Marchetti, R.Brast, B.Delabre, R.Donaldson, E.Fedrigo, C.Frank, N.Hubin,
J.Kolb, J.-L.Lizon, M.Marchesi, S.Oberti, R.Reiss, C.Soenke, S.Tordo, P.Amico,
A.Baruffolo, P.Bagnara, A.Amorim, J.Lima & many many others….
E.Marchetti et al. – The MAD challenge – 20 years AO at ESO – Garching, November 27th 2009
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Why MCAO?
E.Marchetti et al. – The MAD challenge – 20 years AO at ESO – Garching, November 27th 2009
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Why MCAO?
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MCAO timeline
 1988 – J.M.Beckers introduces the concept of MCAO
 1990 – M.Tallon & R.Foy identified 3D-tomography as key
tool
 1999 – R.Ragazzoni, E.Marchetti & F.Rigaut proposed the
modal tomography as efficient solution
 2000 – R.Ragazzoni, E.Marchetti & G.Valente provided on
sky open STC-50
loop demonstration
of tomography
Oct2000
 1st January 2002 – MAD project launched
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MAD system
 MCAO demonstrator
 Probing atmospheric turbulence on 2 arcmin FoV:
several guide stars for wavefront sensing
 Correcting locally the turbulence in the atmosphere: 2
deformable mirrors at 0 and 8.5 km
 IR camera imager: CAMCAO (Portugal)
 Star Oriented system: 3 Shack-Hartmann wavefront
sensors
 Experimental Layer Oriented wavefront sensor: multiPyramid WFS (Italy)
 Installed (several times…) at Melipal’s Visitor Nasmyth
focus
 Three science demonstration runs (Nov’07-Jan’08-Aug’08)
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Designing & building MAD
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Testing MAD in the laboratory
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MCAO timeline
 1988 – J.M.Beckers introduces the concept of MCAO
 1990 – M.Tallon & R.Foy identified 3D-tomography as key
tool
 1999 – R.Ragazzoni, E.Marchetti & F.Rigaut proposed the
modal tomography as efficient solution
 2000 – R.Ragazzoni, E.Marchetti & G.Valente provided on
sky open loop demonstration of tomography
 1st January 2002 – MAD project launched
 Early 2005(?) – MCAO closed loop at the German Solar
Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT)
 25th October 2005 – MCAO closed loop with MAD in
laboratory
E.Marchetti et al. – The MAD challenge – 20 years AO at ESO – Garching, November 27th 2009
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MCAO close loop in the laboratory
1’
1’
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1’
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MAD installation at Paranal
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MAD @ Paranal
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MCAO timeline
 1988 – J.M.Beckers introduces the concept of MCAO
 1990 – M.Tallon & R.Foy identified 3D-tomography as key
tool
 1999 – R.Ragazzoni, E.Marchetti & F.Rigaut proposed the
modal tomography as efficient solution
 2000 – R.Ragazzoni, E.Marchetti & G.Valente provided on
sky open loop demonstration of tomography
 1st January 2002 – MAD project launched
 Early 2005(?) – MCAO closed loop at the German Solar
Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT)
 25th October 2005 – MCAO closed loop with MAD in
laboratory
 25th March 2007 – MCAO closed loop with MAD on sky
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Acquiring the target
Acquisition of the whole
FoV with a visible CCD
SH3
SH2
Position the WFSs
Center the WFSs
Calibration
Pointing at the scientific target
CLOSE THE LOOP
SH1
Imaging of 1
arcmin on the
IR camera
CAMCAO
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Closing the loop
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Omega Centauri
Texp[Ks]: 600s
FWHM: 100mas
K~20.5
DIMM: 0.69”
1 arcmin
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Omega Centauri
Guide stars @ 60”
20” x 20”
MAD [Ks]
ISAAC
(0.028”/px)
[Ks] (0.148”/px)
DIMM: 0.69”
HST/ACS
[F435W] (0.050”/px)
FWHM:
FWHM:100mas
0.6” – T–expTFWHM:
:exp
1548s
: 600s100mas – Texp: 340s
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MCAO & Classical AO
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30 Doradus
Guide
Star
H band
Texp: 18m center, 6m outer
DIMM: ~0.4”
FWHM: 90 to 140 mas
5”x 5”
120 arcsec
15” x 15”
Guide
Star
3” x 3”
Guide
Star
5”x 5”
5”x 5”
Sep 0.17”
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30 Doradus
 Search for counterparts of Young Stellar Object (Spitzer)
YSO 053839.2 -690552.2
H
Ks
Evans et al., submitted to MNRAS
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Astrometry with MAD
Courtesy: S.Ortolani
 Bulge globular cluster: HP1
 MAD(2008) – NTT(1994) 6 mas/year
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Jupiter
 Change in the equatorial haze due to planet-wide upheaval
MAD [Ks]
M.Wong et al., DPS 2008
HST/NICMOS
FWHM [Ks]: 90mas
DIMM: 0.7” – 1.0”
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Galactic Center
Texp[Ks]: 10s,
FoV: 15” x 15”,
Open Loop
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DIMM: 0.6”
Closed Loop
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MAD Deep Field
MAD (0.09”)
MAD(pixon)
E.Marchetti et al. – The MAD challenge – 20 years AO at ESO – Garching, November 27th 2009
Courtesy: M.Nonino
z~1.0
z=0.62
z=0.25
HAWK-I (0.4”)
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Pyramid WFS
 First Pyramid WFS working at 8m telescope, first scientific
paper with Pyramid
 SCAO observations of dwarf irregular galaxy UKS 2323-326
Gullieuszik et al., A&A 2008
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MAD on Nature
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What’s next
 MAD workshop (+ upgrade proposal, not good….)
 Option for a future high resolution instrument at VLT
 MAORY @ E-ELT
 Gemini MCAO, first light soon
 NFIRAOS @ TMT
Courtesy: R.davies
Thank you for listening!
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