Decennial Census A Base for Community Analysis Grace York University of Michigan October 2003
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Transcript Decennial Census A Base for Community Analysis Grace York University of Michigan October 2003
Decennial Census
A Base for Community Analysis
Grace York
University of Michigan
October 2003
Census History
Survey of the United States
population every 10 years
Mandated by Constitution
Purpose: reapportionment of
435 seats in the House of
Representatives
Census Questions Vary
Over Time
Total population, race, sex in
1790
Feeble-minded in 1840-1890
Income first asked in 1940
Televisions surveyed, 1950-70
Detailed ancestry beginning
1980
Multiple races and grandparents
as caregivers in 2000
Census Questions Vary
Over Time
Reflects changes in society
In 1990 and 2000 Congress wanted
to reduce paperwork
Grid of questions, 1790-2000
http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/censubj.pdf
Practical Applications for
Census Data
Public health professionals identify
vulnerable populations for chronic disease
Urban planners identify zoning, housing,
sewage, and transportation issues
Social workers conduct needs assessments
for services to the elderly, poor, children
Practical Applications for
Census Data
Marketers target likely buyers
Politicians use the census to determine
voting districts and to assess constituent
interests
Environmentalists map the spread of toxic
effluents and population densities
Practical Applications for
Census Data
Occupation by age, race, and sex for equal
employment opportunity
Librarians base collection development policy on
community characteristcs
Mayors use numbers to apply for federal grants.
Undercount costs money – the reason for lawsuits
Racial minorities and undocumented aliens
Should missionaries be counted as U.S. residents
Outline of Presentation
Census
Questionnaire
Census Geography
Reference Maps
Census Data
Thematic Mapping
Historic Data
Reference Tools
Census Toolkit
http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/centool.pdf
Historic Census Questions
http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/censubj.pdf
2000 Questionnaires
100% and Sample
Age
Sex
Race
100% Questionnaire
(Multiple)
Hispanic origin
Household relationship
Occupied v. vacant housing units
Owner v. renter occupied housing
Primary Uses of
Short Form Data
Race and sex for single years of age
to 99; three groups after 100
Most detail by race (250 groups total)
Race Groups in 2000
White
Black or African-American
American Indian or Alaskan Native
Asian
Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
Other
Two or More Races
(Based on Self-Identification)
Individual Races
Some files break the 6 racial groups into 250
specific categories
Includes Chippewa Indians, Hmong, Pakistanis
Israelis, Arabs, Iranians and Afghanis are
considered as white (broken out as ancestry in
sample data)
Racial definitions appear at:
http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/
sf3td/sf3tdg7.pdf
Hispanic
Not considered a race
Can be Hispanic and any race
Breakdowns in some tables
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Cuban
Puerto Rican
Mexican
Spanish
Various Latin American Countries
Calculating Minorities
Subtract White Non-Hispanic from White
Alone to get White Hispanic; then add
WH and WNH to other races
OR
Subtract White, Non-Hispanic from total
population to get total minority population
Total Michigan
White Non-Hispanic
Minority
9,938444
-7,806,691
= 2,131,753
New Race Category in 2000
Respondents could choose up to SIX
racial backgrounds
Typical mixed race is 2-3% of
population
Race data not necessarily comparable
with previous censuses
Household Relationships
Relationship to Householder
Spouse
Child
Stepchild
Grandchild
Brother/Sister
Parent
Non-relative
Unmarried partner is separate category
Group Quarters
College
dorms
Prisons
Mental
hospitals
Shelters for abused spouses
Military barracks
Nursing homes
100% Questionnaire Data
Reports
Pre-Tabulated Data
Summary File 1 – most age, race, sex
data to the smallest geographies,
block and block group
Summary File 2 – same data by 250
races to neighborhood (tract) level
2000 Sample Questionnaire
(generally 1/6 of population)
Marital
status, housing value and
rent (100% in 1990)
Grandparents as caregivers (new)
Ancestry
Language
Country of origin
School enrollment and educational
attainment (and dropouts)
2000 Sample Questionnaire
Employment
Industry
and occupation
Transportation to and place of
work
Disability and mental illness
Veteran status
Income and poverty
Sample Data Products
Pre-Tabulated Data
Summary File 3 – socio-economic and housing
characteristics to census tract or block group
level
Summary File 4 – same data as Summary File 3
for 210 racial and 125 ethnic groups to tract
level
Public Use Microdata Samples
(not on Factfinder)
Samples of the samples at 1% and 5%
levels
Create your own tables using raw data
For 2000 currently requires statistical
package such as SAS, SPSS, STATA
Larger geographies: states, metro-areas,
PUMAS and super PUMAS
(contact JoAnn Dionne - [email protected] - about access
and alternative software programs)
Special Tabulations
(not on Factfinder)
School District Data File
(Available)
Sample data for children, parents and families
with school-age children for school districts
http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sdds/index.asp
Equal Employment Opportunity File
(Fall 2003)
Sex and race for 472 occupational groups for
places of 50,000+
http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/eeoindex.html
Special Tabulations
(not on Factfinder)
Census Transportation Planning
(In Progress)
Commuting and place of work data for counties,
minor civil divisions, and traffic analysis zones
http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/commu
ting.html
http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/mcdwo
rkerflow.html
http://www.trbcensus.com/
Special Tabulation on Aging
(2004)
Sample data cross-tabulated by age for people
55+ for places of 2500+
Importance of 100% and
Sample Surveys
100% and sample data on the same subject
(e.g. race, age, total pop, housing) don’t always
match
• Ann Arbor 100% = 114,024; Sample = 114,110
• If one variable comes from sample data, try to get all
variables from sample data
Only 100% data used at block level
• Sample data to only to tract or block group level
Larger the area, the more detailed the subject
variables
Census Geography
Legal Areas
Nation
State
Counties
Cities
Townships
Congressional Districts
School Districts
Census Geography
Census-Designated Areas
Metropolitan Statistical Area
Urbanized Area and Urban Cluster
Census Tract
Block Group
Block
Zip Code Tabulation Area
PUMAS/Super-PUMAS
Traffic Analysis Zones
Census Geography Map
Urban Areas
Urbanized = Densely settled area, 50,000+
Urban Cluster = Densely settled area,
2500-50,000; can be outside metro area
South Central
Michigan has
a surprising
number of
urban
clusters
Metropolitan Statistical
Area
•Central city of 50,000 or more
•Its own county, and
•Surrounding counties with
heavy commuting patterns
Metropolitan Area
Definitions
Metropolitan Statistical Area - stand-
Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area -
alone metro area
metro area which is component of larger
metropolitan area
Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical
Area - two or more contiguous metropolitan
areas
Detroit Consolidated
Metropolitan Statistical Area
2000
1990
Detroit PMSA
Lapeer
Lapeer
Livingston
Macomb
Macomb
Detroit PMSA
Monroe
Monroe
Oakland
Oakland
St. Clair
St. Clair
Wayne
Wayne
Lenawee
Ann Arbor PMSA Washtenaw
Ann Arbor PMSA Livingston
Washtenaw
Flint PMSA
Genesee
Detroit Metropolitan Area
2000-2003
Detroit Metropolitan Area
2000-2003
MSA Definitions
This is very complicated
Just consult the definitions
when you need them
http://www.census.gov/population/www/
estimates/metrodef.html
Census Tracts
Areas
of about 4000 people
Approximate neighborhoods
Ann Arbor Tract
Block Group
Two – eight block groups per tract
All 2000s (2001, 2002, 2003) are BG 2
Smallest area for sample data
Blocks
All blocks in 2000 have 4-digit numbers
Some 100% data but no sample data
PUMAS and SUPER-PUMAS
For Public Use Microdata Samples
http://ftp2.census.gov/geo/maps/puma/
PUMAS and SUPER-PUMAS
American Factfinder Reference Maps
http://factfinder.census.gov/
Locating Census Maps
American Factfinder
• http://factfinder.census.gov/
Census Bureau Web Site (PDF)
• http://ftp2.census.gov/plmap/
Documents Center Paper Copies
• Tract maps for Michigan
• Block maps for Wayne and Washtenaw
Arcview GIS Program in Map Library
Technical Documentation
Geographic and subject definitions
Lists of tables and individual components
in tables
Code lists (ancestry, race, occupation,
group quarters, Hispanic, industry,
language, country)
Original questionnaire
http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf1td.html
http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td.html
Census Data Formats
2000
FTP
Transfer all data for all geographies in a county and
manipulate with SAS or SPSS
http://ftp2.census.gov/plmap/
http://ftp2.census.gov/census_2000/
American Factfinder
http://factfinder.census.gov/
Prepared profiles
Data extraction to a spreadsheet,
Reference and thematic maps
Census Data Formats
2000
Census Bureau CDs/DVDs
Quicker than American Factfinder for
extracting very large data sets
Geolytics CD-ROMS
Thematic mapping for all variables and created
variables; for 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000
Neighborhood Change Database (1970-2000)
coming?
Maps can be imported into more sophisticated
programs
Initial Factfinder Screen
http://factfinder.census.gov/
Basic Facts
http://factfinder.census.gov/
Brief profiles and geographic comparisons for
U.S., states, counties, and places
Geographic Area
If you know the geographic area or proceed
directly to DATA SETS or Profiles
If you need to determine the geographic
area, go to REFERENCE MAPS
REFERENCE MAPS
Internet
Explorer 5+
works best if
you want to
click and zoom
Choose
Breadcrumbs/
Geography for
three better
options
Place Name Searching
BEST option for mapping
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States
Counties
Cities
Townships
Villages
Place Name Searching
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select Name Search
Choose Year
Type in Name and GO.
Choose from Name Options and SHOW MAP.
Navigating the Map
•Level 5 maps provide an overview of the tracts
•Not all features show in this view
•Use arrows to move map or click to zoom in
Block Group Maps
•Block groups show up best at Level 3; tracts at level 4
•Zoom to Level 2 for street names and block numbers
•Write down tract, block group and block numbers
you need for use with the Data Sets menu
Changing Legend
When you can’t tell block group from tract boundaries, click on
LEGEND to turn off block group boundaries and numbers
Updated Map
And, yes, Tract 4003 has unusually tortuous boundaries.
Address Searching
Search for a known address to find its county, city, tract,
block group, block number, and map
Address Results
•ADDRESS SEARCHING gives you the tract, block group and
block number so you can retrieve data in Data Sets
•You can also choose to SHOW MAP
Address Map
Downloading Maps
Right-click on the map to download it.
Maps can only be downloaded in GIF
(picture) format
For GIS purposes, you Arcview, ArcInfo,
MapInfo, or Tiger Line Files.
Data Sets
Once you’ve determined geography and used
Basic Facts, go to DATA SETS for the
detail
Data Sets Includes Five
Types of Files
2000 and 1990 Census
Most detailed demographic and housing data
Census Supplementary File
Conducted at the same time as the Census
to test of small area sampling techniques
American Community Survey
Updates of sample data for counties and
places of 65,000+
Data Sets Includes Five
Types of Files
Economic Census
Business payrolls and sales for all types
of industries for the nation, states,
counties, large cities and zip codes
Population Estimates
Annual state and county population estimates.
Totals only - no race or age.
Listing of Data Sets
The default display are files from the 2000
and 1990 Census
Data Files for 2000
Summary File 1: 100%
• Race, sex, age, households and families,
housing tenure
• BLOCK LEVEL for many categories
• MOST DETAILED ON RACE AT TRACT LEVEL
• MOST DETAILED ON AGE
Summary File 2: 100%
• Detailed cross classifications by type of
Hispanic origin, Indian tribe, or Asian
subcategory (about 250 total)
• LOWEST LEVEL IS TRACT
Data Files for 2000
Summary
File 3: Sample
• Income, language, ethnicity, occupation,
commuting, housing value and rent
• Housing value and rent in STF 1 in 1990
• Ancestry only at tract level; in 1990 was
available for block groups
Summary
File 4: Sample
• Detailed cross classifications by 350 races
and ancestries
• Lowest level is tract
Data Sets Option Box
Options box aligns with checked
data set
Options for Data Set
Detailed
places
Tables =
most data for most
• Download one entire table at a time
Custom Tables = may mix and match
variables in several tables, then sort and
filter
• If over 10 variables, use Detailed Tables and
manipulate with Excel
Options for Data Set
Quick
Tables = brief data for one
named place
Same as Basic Facts but includes tract data
Geographic Comparison Tables =
brief data for all tracts in county, counties
in state, states in U.S.
Options for Data Set
Technical Documentation
definitions, lists of tables,
=
interpretation of codes
Thematic
Maps
= subject maps
Summary File 1
Most data by age, race, sex, households,
group quarters down to block level
Detailed Tables Geography
Default is LIST geography. Others include name search,
address search, and geography within geography.
Detailed Tables Geography
You can choose
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All
All
All
All
All
states
counties in a state
tracts in a county
5 digit zip codes in a 3-digit zip code
block groups in a tract
• All blocks in a block group.
• To choose all 5 digit zip codes or tracts in state,
block groups in city, use Geography within
Geography
Detailed Tables Geography
1. Choose lowest level of geography you want
2. Follow pop-up menus to choose place
3. Once you select a geographic area, be sure to add it
List of Tables - SF1
http://factfinder.census.gov/
The default for Detailed Tables is the List of All Tables.
Population (P) Tables by
Subject
Race
Age
Households by Age, Type, and
Relationship
Families and Family Type
Group Quarters
Imputations of data when
questionnaire not answered
Housing (H) Tables
Clustered by Subject
Housing Units (occupied and vacant)
Occupied Housing Units by race and
household size
Owner/Renter Occupied by Race
Imputations of data when questionnaires
not answered
PCT Tables Clustered by
Subject
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American Native Tribes
Asian Races (e.g. Asian Indian, Hmong)
Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Races
Hispanic Origin Details (e.g. Cuban)
Single years of age by race to 99; three
groups over 100
• Unmarried partners
• Nonrelatives by household type (foster child,
boarder) and race
• Group quarters population by age, race, sex
and type (dorm, prison)
List of Tables - SF1
http://factfinder.census.gov/
To preview a table, highlight it and click on What’s This?
List of Tables - SF1
http://factfinder.census.gov/
We’re choosing P12 – sex by age; we know it won’t be as
detailed as PCT but could give data to the block level
Detailed Spreadsheet
and Geocodes
Options include Geographic and Other FIPS Codes
Detailed Spreadsheet
and Printing
•Use print button or web browser for printing
•When result is multiple pages, you will need to print
each page individually
Detailed Spreadsheet
and Downloading Options
ALWAYS use Factfinder’s button for
downloading data
Downloading Options
Comma, tab, rtf, zipped
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Comma-delimited spreadsheets easily export to EXCEL
You can also transpose rows and columns
Default is downloading entire spreadsheet
Data compatible formats are zipped; no English headers
Detailed Tables
Keyword Searching
You can search by using multiple terms
Keyword Searching
PCT Tables have single years of age
Multiple Table Spreadsheet
Although the spreadsheet has nine tables, they are
separate tables
You must combine them with a spreadsheet program
Summary File 2
http://factfinder.census.gov/
Age, sex, households, families, and owner v. rented
occupied housing units
State, counties, places, MSAs, and census tracts
For 250 races; e.g. single years of age by sex for the
Pakistani population rather than the Asian population at
large
Brief guide available at:
http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf2.htm
Summary File 2
http://factfinder.census.gov/
2000 is the first time for this file on
format other than magnetic tape
There are limits for racial data – must
have 100 or more people of race in the
geographic area
This file not in most GIS programs; data
Must be downloaded and transferred
Summary File 3
http://factfinder.census.gov/
Most social and economic characteristics for the
smallest geographic areas
Summary File 3-Subjects
http://factfinder.census.gov/
Ancestry
Education and school enrollment
Commuting, occupation, industry
Income and poverty
Disability and veteran status
Housing value, rent, mortgages
More breakdowns within categories
and racial cross-classifications than
the Demographic Profiles
Geography Within Geography
Default List View
Choose one indentation down from the previous geography,
e.g. tracts in county, 5-digit zip codes within a
3-digit zip code
Geography Within Geography
Choose Geo within Geo for best options
Geography Within Geography
Choose the SMALLEST geography you want; then the
LARGEST geography you want; then follow instructions
Summary File 3
List of Tables
http://factfinder.census.gov/
P – Population Tables to Block
Group Level
P1-93
Sample data for total
population
P 94-144 Imputations
P 145-160 Sample data by race
Summary File 3
List of Tables
http://factfinder.census.gov/
H – Housing Tables to Block Group
Level
H 1-98
Sample data for total population
H 99-121 Imputations
Note: no sample housing tables by race at
the block group level
Summary File 3
List of Tables
http://factfinder.census.gov/
PCT – Population Tables to Tracts
PCT 1-76 – very detailed sample data broken
down by race; includes ancestry as separate
categories but does not break other data down
by ancestry
HCT – Housing Tables to Tracts
HCT 1-48 – very detailed housing sample
data broken down by race but not ancestry
Summary File 3
Subject Search
Highlight a subject (e.g. commuting) and search
Results include all tables where the subject is a variable
Choose P30 and P31; Add; Show Table
Summary File 3
http://factfinder.census.gov/
Summary File 3
Ancestry
http://factfinder.census.gov/
Primarily countries with which white and some
black races identify
Tables PCT 16, 17, and 18
Options include first ancestry or only ancestry,
second ancestry (in dual report), and ancestries
totaled (all first, second and only)
List of Ancestries
http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/sf3td/sf3tdg1.pdf
Summary File 3
Ancestry
http://factfinder.census.gov/
Ancestry is another tract only variable
Summary File 3
Occupation
http://factfinder.census.gov/
Industry = where you work
Occupation = what you do
Summary File 3
Educational Attainment
Population over 25 is counted
Data is not cumulative;
Even though high school graduation rate may
be 0%, people who completed bachelors or
masters completed high school as well
Main table is P37
Table by race is P148
Many tables in this data set are split so racial
breakdowns appear in a later number
Summary File 3
Educational Attainment
Summary File 3
Disability
Disabilities count overall limitations,
not individual diseases
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Sensory
Physical
Mental
Self-care
Go outside the home
Employment
Summary File 3
Disability
Summary File 3
Rent
Contract rent = amount paid to
landlord
Gross rent = amount paid to landlord
AND amount for utilities
Summary File 3
Labor Force
Labor Force = either have a job or are
looking for a job
Not in Labor Force = don’t have job or
want one (e.g. retiree)
Unemployed = in labor force but don’t
have job
Summary File 3
Labor Force
Summary File 3
Income
Income calculated for households (related,
unrelated, single), families (related), and
individuals
Income includes salaries, interest, social
security, retirement, public assistance
Median means half earn below and half earn
above
Aggregate means all of the income in that
geographic area
Summary File 3
Income
Summary File 3
Poverty
Calculated variable based on income, size of
family, and federal poverty guidelines
Poverty guidelines for 1999 appear at:
http://www.census.gov/hhes/poverty/histpov/hstp
ov1.html
Example of ratio of income to poverty
Poverty for one person in 1999 was $8501
Under .50 = earned less than $4250
Earned 1.5 of poverty=$12751
Summary File 3
Poverty
Summary File 4
http://factfinder.census.gov/
Sample data for 350 races and ancestries
Thematic Maps
http://factfinder.census.gov/
Thematic maps can be accessed through the
initial menu of each data set and via the main
Factfinder screen - middle/bottom
Thematic Maps
Changing Data Set
Check the default data set to make sure it’s
what you want. Change selection.
Thematic Maps
New Data Set
Pop-up menu changed from 2000 Summary File
1 to 2000 Summary File 3.
Thematic Maps
Choosing New Geography
You can choose a map through the List method, using
the HIGHEST LEVEL of geography you want
(e.g. Washtenaw County, Mich)
Thematic Maps
Choosing Theme (Subject)
You can choose a theme by subject, keyword, or list
Not all Census variables are represented
In this case, race appears in SF1 maps; ancestry in
SF3 maps
Thematic Maps
Changing Geographic Display
The default for a county is county subdivision
This can be changed to census tract or BG
Thematic Maps
Same Map – Tract Level
Same map at tract level. You can change the map
classes by choosing legend.
Thematic Maps
Same Map – Tract Level
Natural breaks = equal number of people counted
Equal interval means equal percent intervals
Thematic Maps
Same Map – Tract Level
This is probably more accurage. Click on legend to
add geographic boundaries
Thematic Maps
Same Map – Tract Level
Click on legend to add geographic boundaries
Thematic Maps
Same Map – Tract Level
Same map with tract numbers
Thematic Maps
Same Map – Tract Level
Use identify button and click on map to obtain data
Thematic Maps
Limitations of Factfinder Maps
Only pre-selected variables; not entire
data set
Maps download as gifs (pictures); they
cannot be exported into another program
Maps can not be manipulated, e.g.
showing layers
Geolytics and ARCVIEW are alternatives
American Factfinder
Advantages
http://factfinder.census.gov
SF1-4 data sets
Custom tables option to choose parts
of one table or mix tables
Address search for all geographic
codes of one street address
Reference and thematic maps provide
street boundaries and multiple
geographic layers
American Factfinder
Disadvantages
http://factfinder.census.gov
No PUMS files
Limited types of geographies and
number of data items retrievable
Cannot choose multiple
races/ancestries in SF2 and 4
Thematic maps can not be imported
into GIS programs
CD/DVD Programs for
Census 2000
Two additional CD/DVD programs
available in the Documents Center
• GO 2000 (Census Bureau)
• Census CD 2000 (Geolytics)
Census DVDs
Advantages
Quicker for large numbers of geographies (e.g.
all tracts in a state)
Can do radius searching
Can select individual variables in a table
Combine multiple tables into one spreadsheet
Mix and match geographic levels and data from
different tables
Data can be downloaded into a variety of
formats, including DBF and MS Access
Census DVDs
Disadvantages
No maps
Mathematical functions are laborious;
use Excel instead
Not a substitute for ftp
Geolytics Advantages
All variables can be mapped, not just those
in American Factfinder’s thematic maps
Can create own variables using calculator
Thematic maps can be imported into
ARCVIEW
Available for 1970-2000
ONLY non-ftp source for 1970 and 1980
digital census data
Geolytics Disadvantages
No 100% data for 1990
Limited number of geographic choices (e.g.
no tracts in a city, just county)
Maps do not show street boundaries
Retrieval options vary slightly between
censuses
Neighborhood Change Database has been on
order for 10 months
Geolytics CDs on Campus
CITRIX LAN
•
1990 and 2000 Sample Data
• http://www.lib.umich.edu/citrix/cens00.html
• http://www.lib.umich.edu/citrix/census.html
Documents LAN
• 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000 Sample Data
• 2000 Redistricting Data (block)
• 2000 100% Data (blocks and block groups)
Neighborhood Change (1970-2000) on
order
Geolytics Example
Name Request
Name file before you begin. In the
Documents Center use the X drive. On
CITRIX, use your own drive.
Geolytics Example
Geographic Areas
Choose the largest geographic level or radius
Geolytics Example
Geographic Areas
Choose state and area names
Geolytics Example
Subareas
Choose Subarea – in this case block groups in
Wayne County, Michigan
Subareas vary with the main Area
(Choices limited by comparison to Census DVD)
Geolytics Example
Choose Subjects or Counts
Population 1 and Housing 1 to block group
level
Population and Housing 2 to tract level
Geolytics Example
Choosing Counts
You can choose multiple subjects
Move from top to bottom to right. Then click DONE.
Example shows total population and number in poverty.
Geolytics Example
Run Query
Choose spreadsheet, data base, or map file.
Geolytics Example
Spreadsheet
Spreadsheet. It was automatically saved when you named
your request file. Use Technical Documentation to
interpret column headings. You could use FORMULA to
create new column. Close this window before mapping.
Geolytics Example
Map
Map. Toggle variable to change map between variables.
Geolytics Example
Identifying Data in Map
You can click on area to view its data
Geolytics Example
Create Your Own Variable
Click on calculator. Divide people in poverty by total population
and multiply by 100 to determine percent in poverty.
Geolytics Example
New Formula
New formula displays percent of population in poverty.
Geolytics Example
Map Classes
You can change the categories and classes on the right
Geolytics Example
Copying Files for Arcview
Click on VIEW; then uncheck the WATER category
Geolytics Example
Copying Files for Arcview
File – Export to copy your map for Arcview.
Geolytics Example
Copying Files for Arcview
Your files will be automatically saved in the same drive as your
Request File. Your files will have various extensions but the
same name as your request file.
If you used the Documents Center X drive, access it through MY
COMPUTER on the desktop; then drag and drop to your floppy
or zip disk.
Converting Geographic
Codes
Use the Mable Geocorr 2K Search Engine
to relate five digit zip codes to counties
or census tracts
http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/websas/geocorr2k.html
Converting Geographic
Codes
Converting Geographic
Codes
Converting Geographic
Codes
Converting Geographic
Codes
Questions to Ask Before
Starting a Time Series
Did the Census Bureau ask the
question?
How was the question asked?
Is the geography the same?
What formats are available?
Census Questions Vary
Over Time
Reflects changes in society
In 1990 and 2000 Congress wanted
to reduce paperwork
Grid of questions, 1790-2000
http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/censubj.pdf
Census Questions Vary
Over Time
Ancestry first asked in 1980
Poverty was first determined in
1970
Marital status and house value
switched from 100% to sample
questionnaire in 2000
Dilapidated housing last measured in
1960
Census Racial Definitions
Vary Over Time
Before 1980, Hispanic was called
Spanish-origin
Races in 1960 were white, Negro
and other
Multiple races new in 2000
Asian and Hawaiian in 2000 were
same category in 1990
How Was Question Asked?
Did 25 Ann Arborites and 122
Hawaiians take the subway to work in
2000?
“How did the person get to work
LAST WEEK?”
Questionnaires
Technical Documentation in 1990.
Printed Census Volumes through
1990.
Measuring America
http://www.census.gov/dmd/www/pdf/d02p.pdf
Is the Geography the
Same?
Metropolitan Areas Change
Detroit: 1970
1980
1990
2000
-
3
6
7
6
counties
counties
counties
counties
http://www.census.gov/population/www/estim
ates/metrodef.html
Is the Geography the
Same?
Census Tracts, Block Groups, and Block
Numbers Change
Census Tract equivalencies in paper tract
reports through 1990
Relationship files, 1990-2000
http://www.census.gov/geo/www/relate/rel_blk.html
http://www.census.gov/geo/www/relate/rel_tract.html
Is the Geography the
Same?
Different definitions or urban and
urbanized area
Block group data on tape but not
generally available until 1990
Census tracts limited to metro areas until
1990
Census Formats
Primary vehicle through 1980 was PAPER
(Grad Stacks HA 201 .year with backup
on microfiche/film in Documents)
1990 a combination of paper and CD; not
all files on American Factfinder
No paper in 2000
1970-80 Geolytics are only good CDS for
period
Data Tapes
1970 - 2000 at ICPSR
http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/access/subject.html#I
1850-1960
ICPSR has some data
http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/access/subject.
html#I
IPUMS has PUMS
http://www.ipums.umn.edu/usa/
Historical Data Browser (state and
county)
http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/
Citing Census Data
Census Bureau
http://www.census.gov/main/www/citation.html
APA Style - Purdue
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/
r_apa.html
Government Documents - Univ. of
Memphis
http://exlibris.memphis.edu/govpubs/citeweb.htm
Getting Census Help
Documents Center
203 Hatcher Library North, (734) 764-0410,
[email protected]
http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/
Campus representative to the Census Bureau’s State
Data Center program.
Assistance with American Factfinder, Census CDROMS.Paper tract maps of Michigan.
Referrals to other sources.
Census 2000 web page
http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/census2/centool.pdf
Getting Census Help
Map Library
825 Hatcher Library South, (734) 764-0407
[email protected]
http://www.lib.umich.edu/maplib
Experts in ArcView for the creation of Census maps
Assistance in importing your own data to a Census map
Downloads of boundary files
Getting Census Help
Numeric Data Services
818 Hatcher Library North, (734) 615-7419
[email protected]
http://www.lib.umich.edu/nsds/
Assists users in locating and downloading untabulated
statistical data for manipulation with programs such as
SAS, SPSS
Referrals for data manipulation
Getting Census Help
Population Studies Center
311 Maynard Street, (734) 998-7153
[email protected]
http://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/dads/
Assists University of Michigan students and staff
Answers common problem and error questions with
Census files
Handles common data manipulation questions with a
variety of statistical packages