Transcript POOR! Coffee – problems due to worldwide overproduction Sugar/Sugarcane – for rum, not enough flatlands and rain Local consumption: rice, corn, yams, vegetables,

POOR!
Coffee – problems due to worldwide overproduction
Sugar/Sugarcane – for rum, not enough flatlands and rain
Local consumption: rice, corn, yams, vegetables, fruits, mangoes
Manufacturing: shrunk since the 1970’s due to political instability
and international trade embargo
Baseballs – manufacture the most baseballs
Foodstuffs, beverages, household goods, building materials are for
domestic consumption
Cigarettes, detergents, bath soap – top three goods manufactured
POOR!
Mining – ferronickel, bauxite, ore
Sugar – most advanced farming techniques & 4th largest producer
Coffee, cocoa beans, & tobacco – first produced by Taino Indians
Plantains
Others - Rice, corn, sorghum, plantains, beans, tubers, bananas,
peanuts, guavas, tamarind, passion fruit, coconuts, tomatoes, carrots,
lettuce, cabbage, scallions, coriander, onions, and garlic
Nontraditional exports - ornamental plants, winter vegetables, citrus
and tropical fruits, spices, nuts
Livestock – beef and poultry
Latifundios (large landholders), Minifundios (small landholders),
Campesinos (very small landholders), tarea = 0.15 acres
Sugar – main crop that declined after Soviet Union fell
Nickel – 2nd largest export
Coffee
Tobacco – famous for cigars
Cattle
Others: rice, citrus fruits, bananas, pineapples, potatoes, tomatoes,
sweet potatoes
Fishing
*Must use animal power instead of Soviet built farm machines for
lack of spare parts.
Timber to agriculture and fishing
Sugar biggest export
Bananas, oranges, pomelos, grapefruit, cacao, seafood
Marijuana
Industry is agriculture based: flour milling, production of citrus concentrate,
animal feed
Local consumption: rice, kidney beans, beef, pork, chicken, milk, eggs, corn,
beer, cigarettes, soft drinks, furniture, construction material
Fishing: shrimp, lobster tails, conch. Fishermen work in cooperatives = make
more money than working for a company. Going to farming fish because the
sea has seen a decline in the number of exportable fish due to over fishing.
Sugarcane: cutting sugarcane is one of the worst jobs in the world, since the cane
fields are full of snakes and rats, and the leaves on the cane are razor sharp
Agricultural reform in 1960’s
Plantations of bananas & cacao, rice paddies, fruit orchards, sugarcane
fields, and cattle ranches prosper inland.
Largest Exporter of Bananas
Fishing is an important industry for towns and villages along the
Pacific coast.
Oil discovery 1970’s – has devastated the native peoples of the
Amazon area
Domestic consumption – Farmers work their own small plots growing
cassava, peanuts, bananas, plantains, coffee, cacao, cotton, and corn.
Coffee
Cacao
Lumber and forest products
Oil and oil exploration
Cooperative farms or small plots for farmers growing cotton, citrus
fruits, oranges, corn, rice and vegetables
Fishing – anchovy which is ground to form fish meal and is one of
Peru’s bigger exports
Tin has been the mainstay of the economy for the most of the 20th
century but in the 1980’s the tin market collapsed
Lowlands are rich in oil, gas, iron, gold, and timber and are suitable for
agriculture
East-facing slope of the Andes produces: forest goods, feathers and
medicinal plants. Coca (the leaves produce the drug cocaine today)
which is strictly controlled. Coca is considered to be a sacred plant.
Native Americans chew the mildly narcotic leaves to stave off cold and
hunger and use specially selected leaves for magic and divination.
Oil and gas were discovered and are now the most important source of
income.
Crops include: Cotton, sugarcane, soybeans, corn, wheat,
tobacco, and fruit: 45% of the population is involved in
agriculture; timber is cleared to make way for more farmland
Cattle ranches
Cereals and Milk products - Mennonites produce
Wine production is a growing business.
Farmers produce vegetables and many different types of fruit,
including grapes.
MEAT! MEAT! MEAT! MEAT!
Pampas – became the center of the international beef trade, quality beef
cattle and sheep, also an area of growing crops
Sunflower seeds and logging are important on the northern border
plains
Mining – iron ore, uranium
Sheep
Atacama Desert – source of wealth for many years at its heart is the
world’s largest open-pit copper mine, Chuquicamata, which employs
about eleven thousand miners *by Chilean standards these miners live
well because of their importance in the work force enabling them to
command good wages and benefits
Sulfur mines in the highlands
Fruit and almonds are replacing older crops in the central valley region
Wines – Chile is the largest exporter of wine in Latin America
Trees – many different trees in parts of the country were the basis for a
successful timber and furniture trade
Agriculture is not the main economic sector
Manufacturing is the main economic sector– oil industry (began
1970’s): products include farm machinery, chemicals, clothing, iron
& steel, processed foods, petroleum, beer, rubber, wood pulp, paper,
automobiles, railway cars: with available cheap skilled labor, Mexico
is industrializing at a rapid pace
Mining: Silver – world’s leading producer
Petroleum – one of the world’s leading producers: some of the largest
oil reserves in the Western Hemisphere (the size of Saudi Arabia’s): a
billion barrels each year (operated by government)
Tourism – “the industry without chimneys” 20 million visitors
annually
Sugar – decline due to labor shortages
Coffee – decline due to hurricanes and competition from US
Tobacco, Pineapples, Coconuts
Poultry – increasing in production
Rice – Failed Attempt
*Labor shortages and using land in different ways
Coffee – primary export and source of income
Cacao & Indigo but Cotton was affected by Civil War and economic conditions
Sugar & Shrimp (farming) – 3rd & 4th largest exports
Soya, Cucumbers, Sesame - recent
Tropical flowers and ornamental plants
Bananas - #1 export
Coffee - #2 export
Beef
Cotton, tobacco, pineapples, sugarcane, vegetable, shrimp
Forestry – from mahogany to pine
Mining – gold, silver, lead, zinc, cadmium (richest in CA)
Bananas – leading export & Coffee
Shrimp (#1), anchovies, herring, lobster
Raw sugar, petroleum products, sugar cane, rice, corn, coffee, beans,
tobacco, chicken, cattle, milk, eggs, and fish
Forestry & Fishing
Bananas – 2nd largest exporter (after Ecuador)
Coffee, sugar, cocoa, cotton, hemp, livestock
Nontraditional exports – flowers, ornamental plants and foliage, fish
and shrimp, melons, macadamia nuts, pineapples
Domestic – beans, corn, plantains, potatoes, rice, sorghum, onions,
African palms (oil), cattle, pigs, horses, mules, sheep, goats, chickens
*renowned for environmental efforts although the laws are often
disregared
Traditionally the economy has been based on agriculture
Coffee – major crop, but declining due to workers being used for production
in oil and minerals
Oil & Minerals – increased as an export
Emeralds – high grade and the largest producer
Coal – has the largest coal reserves in South America
Orchids – claims to be the world’s center for exporting these flowers
Domestically – textile industry, steel mills, chemical plants, and factories
Sugar plantations, sugar processing plants, cattle ranches, coffee, rice,
tobacco, cotton in the Southern highlands
Timber trade, gold mining, fishing, growing basic crops of yucca, plantains,
and beans in the Pacific lowlands
Agriculture production 25% of population – wine production, coffee growing and
plantations, collecting nuts and palm oils, cattle ranches
Also: oranges, rice, cotton, and soybeans are grown in the area of
Brazil’s largest city
Sao Paulo,
Also: corn, soybeans, mines, and cattle ranches in the area of Brasilia
Industry 25% of population – factories producing everything from canned orange juice
to cars to electronic equipment along the Amazon river
Service industries are where a majority of the workers are – such as in banks, or in the
government or army
Mining – iron ore
Domestic consumption – cassava, sweet potatoes, corn
*Along the Amazon river rubber was the boom, but it collapsed
1970’s under direction of President Carlos Andres Perez oil and iron
industries were nationalized – 1980’s everything fell because of the
overproduction of oil – 1990 not yet improved
Highlands – sugarcane, bananas, cacao, cotton
Latin American immigrants – work as taxi drivers, domestic servants,
and in the construction industry
Factories – produce processed foods, leather and hides, glass,
chemicals, and pharmaceuticals
Domestic crops include potatoes, wheat, onions, carrots, garlic, fruit
such as oranges and mangoes, mustard, orchids, dahlias, carnations
Coffee – 1st, produce more than any other country in Central America,
it has a smoky, spicy flavor
Sugar – 2nd
Bananas, cardamom (one of the world’s major suppliers), cotton – 3rd
Vegetables, fruit, flowers, sugarcane, fishing
Manufacturing industries: food, tobacco, sugar processing,
pharmaceuticals, rubber (tires), cement, paper, and textiles,
petroleum, mining of antimony, iron ore, and lead
Cattle plantations
Domestic consumption: corn, beans, squash
Cotton and Coffee – Most important crops
Corn, beans, sugarcane, bananas – others
Rice most important crop raised for use in Nicaragua
Forestry hot in 1970’s and beginning to be profitable again
Minerals are there but the country is too poor to mine for them
Trade with other countries: shrimps, lobsters, and fish