Transcript Introduction to ISO TC 207/SC 7 Standards Yong-Woon KIM ETRI Hiroshima Meeting 24-27 March 2009 International Telecommunication Union Table of Contents  History  Corporate responsibility  Market status  GHG assessment process 

Introduction to
ISO TC 207/SC 7
Standards
Yong-Woon KIM
ETRI
Hiroshima Meeting
24-27 March 2009
International
Telecommunication
Union
Table of Contents
 History
 Corporate responsibility
 Market status
 GHG assessment process
 ISO TC 207 Structure
 TC 207/SC 7 standards
 TC 207/SC 7 std relationship & positioning
 ISO 14064-1
 ISO 14064-2
 ISO Verification std
 Problem statements for ITU-T
 What to do for ITU-T
2
Presentation focus
History for problem statements of
GHG Protocol Initiative and ISO
Positioning and relationship among
relevant standards
Scope of standards, not covering
detail contents of theirs
What to do for ITU-T
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History (1/2)
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established by WMO and UNEP. It is
publishing special reports on topics relevant to the implementation of the UNFCCC.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) was produced for stabilization of GHG
emission at 1990 levels by 2000.
UNFCCC came into force.
COP-1 (1st Conferences of
the Parties) was held in
Berlin, Germany.
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
“IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories”
was published.
“IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
(Revised 1996)” was published in 1994.
“IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
(Revised 2006)” was published in 2006.
COP-3 was held in Kyoto, Japan, and the Kyoto Protocol was adopted
for industrialized countries to reduce their collective emissions of GHG
by 5.2% compared to the year 1990.
4
History (2/2)
WRI/WBCSD: a partnership initiated to develop standardized methods for GHG accounting.
"The Greenhouse Gas Protocol: A Corporate Accounting and
Reporting Standard"
"The Greenhouse Gas Protocol: A
Corporate Accounting and Reporting
Standard (revised)"
"The Greenhouse Gas
Protocol: The GHG
Protocol for Project
Accounting"
1998
1999
2000
2001
ISO identified a need to standardize
aspects of GHG accounting and
verification; and,
Its gap analysis result: no internationally
recognized best practice guidelines on
GHG verification
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
ISO 14064-1
ISO 14064-2
ISO 14064-3
ISO 14065
Verification-relevant
standards
ISO WD 14066
ISO NWIP 14067-1
ISO NWIP 14067-2
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Corporate responsibility
 Corporate responsibility under the Kyoto Protocol
 Annual GHG emissions reporting is required.
 ICT sector companies also should do that.
 Survey results of “Research and Markets”
 "Corporate Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reporting 2008"
was announced
 Staggering inconsistencies in calculation and verification
of GHG emissions of Fortune 500 companies
• BT Group, Sony, Toshiba, GE, British Sky Broadcasting,
Matsushita, Cisco, Dell, EMC, Intel, Motorola, Siemens,
Deutsche Telekom, Telenor, Verizon, Vodafone, Samsung,
etc.
 34 different public protocols or guidelines used
 The most widely used is WRI/WBCSD GHG Protocol
(http://www.ghgprotocol.org/)
6
Market status (1/3)
Programs using GHG Protocol
63% of Fortune 500 companies
use the GHG Protocol.
Source: WRI/WBCSD
7
Market status (2/3)
Standards options
Corporations
Projects
• GHG Protocol, corporate; and
ISO 14064-1
• ISO 14067-1 (Quantification)
Accounting
and
Reporting
• California Registry’s General
Reporting Protocol
• GHG Protocol, project
• ISO 14064-2
• IPCC Guidelines (national level reporting)
• EU Emissions Trading Scheme (facility-level mandatory reporting)
…
…
• GHG Protocol, corporate
Verification
• ISO 14064-3, ISO 14065, ISO 14066
…
• ISO 14067-2
Labeling
• EPEAT
…
8
Market status (3/3)
 Study results of “Research and Markets”
 Verification
• Over half of the companies using standards
 External verification
• Less than half of the companies using the GHG
Protocol
 Estimated costs
• Between €75,000 and €800,000 for collecting data and
calculating GHG Protocol Scope 1 GHG emissions
• Between €50,000 and €500,0000 for verification
 ISO standards are more competitive for the
verification phase.
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GHG assessment process
Managing phase
Set GHG targets
Assign resources
Planning
phase
Reduce GHG emissions
Design GHG inventory
Collect data
Developing
phase
Account for GHG emissions
(Managing phase)
(Managing phase)
Report GHG emissions
Reporting
phase
Verify GHG emissions
Verifying
phase
10
Assign resources
Design GHG inventory
Collect data
Account for GHG emissions
Set GHG targets
Reduce GHG emissions
Manage inventory quality
Iterate improvement process
GHG assessment process
Report GHG emissions
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GHG assessment process
Assign resources
Design GHG inventory
Collect data
Account for GHG emissions
Set GHG targets
-Determine resource requirements
-Establish a team
-Prepare a budget
-Define inventory boundaries
-Determine emissions sources
-Select a base year
-Obtain appropriate data
-Ensure data quality
-Apply calculation tools
-Guard against calculation errors
-Identity emission reduction opportunities
-Decide on target type: absolute or intensity
-Decide on target level
Reduce GHG emissions
-Implement emission reduction activities
Report GHG emissions
-Publicly report complete inventory information
Verify GHG emissions
-Verify asserted inventory information
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ISO TC 207 Structure
Source: ISO TC 207
SC 1 : Environmental Management Systems
(EMS)
SC 5 : Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
SC 2 : Environmental Auditing & Related
Investigations (EA&RI)
TCG : Terms and Definitions (T&D)
SC 3 : Environmental Labeling (EL)
SC 7 : Greenhouse Gas Management
and Related Activities
SC 4 : Environmental Performance
Evaluation (EPE)
WG 7 : Environmental Aspects in Product
Standards
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TC 207/SC 7 standards
 Published standards
 ISO 14064-1 (Greenhouse gases – Part 1: Specification with guidance at
the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas
emissions and removals)
 ISO 14064-2 (Greenhouse gases – Part 2: Specification with guidance at
the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of
greenhouse gas emission reductions and removal enhancements)
 ISO 14064-3 (Greenhouse gases – Part 3: Specification with guidance
for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas assertions)
 ISO 14065 (Greenhouse gases – Requirements for greenhouse gas
validation and verification bodies for use in accreditation or other forms
of recognition)
 WG 1 working draft standards (Competency requirements for
greenhouse gas validators and verifiers document)
 ISO/WD 14066 (Greenhouse gases – Competency requirements for
greenhouse gas validators and verifiers)
 WG 2 working draft standards (GHG management in the value or
supply chain)
 ISO NWIP 14067-1 (Greenhouse gases – Carbon footprint of products –
Part 1: Quantification)
 ISO NWIP 14067-2 (Greenhouse gases – Carbon footprint of products –
Part 2: Communication)
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SC 7 std relationship
Source: ISO TC 207/SC 7
15
SC 7 std positioning
Assign resources
Corporations
Design GHG inventory
GHG Projects
Collect data
ISO 14064-1
Account for GHG emissions
ISO 14064-2
Set GHG targets
Reduce GHG emissions
Report GHG emissions
Verify GHG emissions
Validators/Verifiers
ISO 14064-3
ISO 14065
ISO 15066
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ISO 14064-1 Keys
 It is consistent with and refers specifically
to GHG Protocol, corporate.
 Design GHG inventory
 Define inventory boundaries
• Organizational boundary; and
– Either “Equity share approach”; or,
 Organization accounts for emissions according to its
portion of equity.
– “Control approach”
 Organization accounts for all emissions from
operations over which it has financial or operational
control.
• Operational boundary
– Direct GHG emissions (called Scope 1 in GHG Protocol)
– Energy indirect GHG emissions (called Scope 2)
– Other indirect GHG emissions (called Scope 3)
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ISO 14064-1 Keys
 Design GHG inventory (cont’d)
 Operational boundaries
Source: New Zealand Business Council for Sustainable Development
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ISO 14064-1 Keys
 Design GHG inventory (cont’d)
 Definitions: direct GHG emission vs. indirect GHG emission

Direct GHG emissions: those from sources that are owned or controlled by
organization

Indirect GHG emissions: those which are a consequence of the activities of the
organization but occur at sources owned or controlled by another organization
 Scope 1: Direct GHG emissions

Emissions caused by sources that are owned or controlled by organization (e.g.
generation of electricity, heat or steam; physical or chemical processing;
transportation of materials, products, waste and employees; and, fugitive
emissions)
 Scope 2: Energy indirect GHG emissions

Emissions from the generation of purchased electricity, heat or steam consumed
by the organization.
 Scope 3: Other indirect GHG emissions

Examples: extraction and production of purchased materials and fuels;
transportation of waste, sold products, and purchased materials and fuels;
employee business travel, use of sold products and services, waste disposal,
etc.
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ISO 14064-1 Keys
 Design GHG inventory (cont’d)
 Accounting for indirect GHG emissions by
purchased electricity
Source: GHG Protocol Initiative
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ISO 14064-2 Key
 Key: accounting for GHG reductions from
Projects
Source: GHG Protocol Initiative
Baseline emission: an estimate of GHG emissions, removals, or storage associated with a baseline scenario
Baseline scenario: a hypothetical reference case of what would have most likely occurred in the absence of a
proposed GHG project.
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ISO 14064-2 Scope
A typical GHG project cycle
Planning
Assess
project
concept/
feasibility/
program
Consult
stakeholders
before & after
establishing
GHG-project
plan
Obtain
approval
of the
project
Plan the
GHG
project
Implementation
Undertake project activities
Validate
GHG
project
Register
project
Describe project;
Determine baseline scenario;
Establish procedures to monitor, quantify
and report GHG emissions, removals,
storage, emission reductions and
removal enhancements; and
Validate the GHG project
Recognition
of GHG units
Periodic
verification,
certification
and
recognition of
GHG units
Present
final
GHG
report
Verify final GHG
emission
reduction and
removal
enhancements
Terminate
project
Certify final
GHG emission
reductions and
removal
enhancements
Implement procedures to monitor, quantify and report GHG
emissions, removals, storage, emission reductions and removal
enhancements; and
Verify GHG emission reductions, removal enhancements and
reports
Source: ISO 14064-2
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ISO 14064-2 Process
Describe the project
Quantify emission reductions and
removal enhancements
Identify SSRs relevant for the project
Manage data quality
Determine the baseline scenario
Monitor the GHG project
Identify SSRs for the baseline
scenario
Document the GHG project
Select relevat SSRs for monitoring or
estimation
Validation and/or verification
Quantify emissions and/or removals
Report GHG project
SSRs: GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs
Source: ISO 14064-2
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ISO verification std
GHG Registry
Requesting to endorse
reduction results
Validator/
Validator/
Verifier
Validator/
Verifier
Verifier
Registering
reduction
project
A registry is an organization where
companies can declare the results
of their GHG emissions. Registries
incentivize early action because
companies will receive recognition
for their voluntary emissions
reduction efforts under any future
regulatory schemes. Registries are
often used to track GHG emissions,
GHG emission reductions or GHG
removal enhancements by assigning
them unique identifier.
Managing
results
Consulting
firms
Validating project
plan; and
Consulting for project
planning; and
Verifying asserted
report
Evaluating project plan
and inventory
Korea granted
validation/verification
licenses to 7 organizations.
Reporter
Perform GHG reduction projects; and
Account for and report GHG emissions,
reductions and removals
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ISO verification std
ISO 14064-3, verification process
ISO 14065, valiator/verifier
requirements
ISO 14065, valiator/verifier
requirements
Validator/
Verifier
ISO 14066,
validator/verifier
competency
requirements
Validator/
Verifier

ISO 14064-3 specifies principles and requirements and provides guidance for those
conducting or managing the validation and/or verification of GHG assertions.

ISO 14065 specifies principles and requirements for GHG validators and verifiers that
undertake validation and/or verification of GHG assertions.

ISO 14066 specifies personal attribute, knowledge and skill (competency)
requirements, required levels of proficiency and methods to evaluate competencies for
GHG validators and/or verifiers by areas of competence.
25
ISO standards users
 Canadian Standards Association’s (CSA) GHG Registries
(http://www.ghgregistries.ca/)
 ANSICA (http://www.ansi.org/ghg/), and so on.
26
Problem statements
 Survey results of “Research and Markets
 Inadequate standards yet
• All investors surveyed suggested that the current
standards available to companies are inadequate.
Suggestions given as to what would improve corporate
emissions-reporting standards included a greater link
between carbon-performance reporting and financials.
 Mandatory for certain threshold of
emissions levels
• Australia, Canada, and the UK are the only countries in
which it is or will soon be mandatory for companies
with emissions levels over a certain threshold (or
meeting other specific criteria) to report on their
emissions.
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Problem statements
 Market news
 U.S. President Obama is planning to pay for tax
cuts with some of the money generated by a
carbon cap-and-trade regulation.
 Thus, GHG accounting and reporting is a
critical management factor for companies.
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What to do for ITU-T
Work items
New accounting and
reporting protocol
ICT sector-inventory design
guide
ICT sector-specific
calculation tool within the
framework of GHG Protocol
or ISO standards.
Validity
No
Yes
Justification
• Leading solutions exist.
• No severe problems to leading solutions
• Designing GHG inventory is not easy.
• Design reference will be helpful.
• Operation boundary of Scope 3 should be
carefully analyzed because ICT can make GHG
mitigation impacts to other sectors.
• Reference cases: Refrigeration and AirYes
conditioning equipment (manufacturing,
installation, operation and disposal);
Semiconductors; etc.
• A tool for office-based and service sector
organizations exist. But ICT sector-specific
situations might require its own calculation tool.
How to incorporate four
types of methodologies:
national level; organization
level; facility level; and
product/service level.
• There are four types of GHG accounting and
Yes
reporting methodologies which all may be
involved with ICT sector companies. Thus how
to incorporate them needs to be exploited into
a protocol standard.
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