Transcript Step Up To: Psychology by John J. Schulte, Psy.D. Psychology, Eighth Edition By David G.

Step Up To: Psychology
by John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
Psychology, Eighth Edition
By David G. Myers
Worth Publishers
(2007)
Chapter 15: Personality
What’s your sign?
I Think I Can
Analyze This!
Culture Shapes
So, who are you?
Analyze This!
500
400
300
200
100
I think I can.
500
400
300
200
100
What’s your sign?
500
400
300
200
100
Culture Shapes
500
400
300
200
100
So, who are you?
500
400
300
200
100
1. Freud’s technique in which the patient
spontaneously reports all thoughts,
feelings and images as they come to
mind.
•
•
•
•
A) psychoanalysis.
B) dream interpretation.
C) free association.
D) psychotherapy.
2. According to Freud, the real
meaning of the dream could be
found in its:
•
•
•
•
A) unconscious revelation.
B) manifest content.
C) symbolic personification.
D) latent content.
3. According to Freud, “I want it, and I
want it, now,” refers to the part of the
personality called the:
•
•
•
•
A) superego.
B) id.
C) ego.
D) eros.
4. Threatened by his own attraction to
other males, Mr. Jones leads an active
campaign against gay rights. He is
displaying the ego defense mechanism:
•
•
•
•
A) denial.
B) reaction formation.
C) sublimation.
D) displacement.
5. Jung believed that the deepest part
of the individual psyche is that which
is shared by all people, called the:
•
•
•
•
A) identification process.
B) fixation phenomenon.
C) Oedipus complex.
D) collective unconscious.
6. According to Maslow, we are naturally,
internally driven to be the best that we can
be, achieving the goal of:
•
•
•
•
A) self-actualization.
B) self-concept.
C) analytic insight.
D) personal betterment.
7. Humanistic psychologists differed
from psychoanalytic theorists by
focusing on:
•
•
•
•
A) reinforced behaviors.
B) unconscious motives.
C) the healthy personality.
D) early childhood influences.
8. “I do not approve of your behavior, but I
still love and value you as a person,”
shows that a parent has ___ for his/her
child.
•
•
•
•
A) actualizing tendency
B) unconditional positive regard
C) compassionate parenting
D) conditional positive regard
9. According to Humanistic Psychology, the
water, sun and nutrients that nurture our
personalities include all of the following,
except:
•
•
•
•
A) genuineness.
B) acceptance.
C) self-actualization.
D) empathy.
10. A major criticism of the
humanistic perspective is:
• A) it minimizes the evil side of human
nature.
• B) it has no relevance to psychotherapy.
• C) it discounts the ideal of a healthy
personality.
• D) it is based solely on childhood
memories and conflicts.
11. A trait is:
• A) a description of our outward
appearance.
• B) a repeated pattern of behavior.
• C) an unconscious motive driving our
behavior.
• D) a relatively stable predisposition to
act and feel in a certain way.
12. A test based on Carl Jung’s
personality types and used by 89 of
the 100 largest corporations is the:
•
•
•
•
A) Rorschach Test.
B) TAT.
C) Myers-Briggs.
D) MMPI.
13. According to Hans and Sybil Eysenck,
personality can be described in terms of
two dimensions, including stabilityinstability, and:
•
•
•
•
A) intrinsic-extrinsic.
B) conscious-unconscious.
C) extroversion-introversion.
D) happy-depressed.
14. Through factor analysis,
personality theorists have more
recently identified those basic traits,
called:
•
•
•
•
A) the 16PF.
B) the Big Five.
C) the MMPI.
D) fundamental personality factors.
15. In predicting from one Big Five
attribute to another, “night owls” were
more likely to be:
•
•
•
•
A) extraverts.
B) agreeable.
C) open.
D) conscientious.
16. Bandura called the process of
interacting with the environment ____.
•
•
•
•
A) self-efficacy
B) social-cognitive
C) social-cultural
D) reciprocal determinism
17. When someone relies on “fate” or
something like astrology to choose an
action implies:
•
•
•
•
A) mental retardation.
B) an external locus of control.
C) learned helplessness.
D) an internal locus of control.
18. When Martin Seligman experimented
with dogs and electric shock, he found they
eventually gave up. This was because of:
•
•
•
•
A) external locus of control.
B) learned helplessness.
C) unstable personality.
D) reciprocal determinism.
19. The best predictor of future behavior
is to look at:
•
•
•
•
A) the Big Five.
B) personality test results.
C) past behavior in similar situations.
D) achievement test scores.
20. Some psychologists criticize the
social-cognitive perspective because it:
• A) fails to appreciate the person’s inner
traits.
• B) is too scientific.
• C) is too descriptive and not testable.
• D) has no relevance to psychotherapy.
21. Teens are especially prone to this
phenomenon, afraid that everyone will
notice their behavior and judge it.
•
•
•
•
A) self-efficacy
B) spotlight effect
C) self-actualization
D) self-serving bias
22. A projective test that requires a
person look at several pictures and make
up stores is the:
•
•
•
•
A) Rorschach Inkblot Test.
B) MMPI.
C) 16PF.
D) TAT.
23. Items forming the depression scale of
the MMPI were “empirically derived,”
meaning:
• A) they were randomly selected from a
large pool of statements.
• B) they were the most popular when people
were surveyed.
• C) they were found to correlate with other
measures of depression.
• D) they were selected from a large pool of
items by people with depression.
24: The most widely used personality
test is the:
•
•
•
•
A) MMPI.
B) Rorschach Inkblot Test.
C) TAT.
D) 16PF.
25. Because its popularity of use has
exceeded research on its value as a
predictor, the Journal of Psychological
Type has contributed to the scientific study
of this test, the:
• A) Rorschach Inkblot Test.
• B) MMPI.
• C) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.
• D) TAT.
Stop here, or continue as a review
1. Freud’s technique in which the patient
spontaneously reports all thoughts,
feelings and images as they come to
mind.
•
•
•
•
A) psychoanalysis.
B) dream interpretation.
C) free association.
D) psychotherapy.
597
2. According to Freud, the real
meaning of the dream could be
found in its:
•
•
•
•
A) unconscious revelation.
B) manifest content.
C) symbolic personification.
D) latent content.
598
3. According to Freud, “I want it, and I
want it, now,” refers to the part of the
personality called the:
•
•
•
•
A) superego.
B) id.
C) ego.
D) eros.
598
4. Threatened by his own attraction to
other males, Mr. Jones leads an active
campaign against gay rights. He is
displaying the ego defense mechanism:
•
•
•
•
A) denial.
B) reaction formation.
C) sublimation.
D) displacement.
600
5. Jung believed that the deepest part
of the individual psyche is that which
is shared by all people, called the:
•
•
•
•
A) identification process.
B) fixation phenomenon.
C) Oedipus complex.
D) collective unconscious.
601
6. According to Maslow, we are naturally,
internally driven to be the best that we can
be, achieving the goal of:
•
•
•
•
A) self-actualization.
B) self-concept.
C) analytic insight.
D) personal betterment.
609
7. Humanistic psychologists differed
from psychoanalytic theorists by
focusing on:
•
•
•
•
A) reinforced behaviors.
B) unconscious motives.
C) the healthy personality.
D) early childhood influences.
609
8. “I do not approve of your behavior, but I
still love and value you as a person,”
shows that a parent has ___ for his/her
child.
•
•
•
•
A) actualizing tendency
B) unconditional positive regard
C) compassionate parenting
D) conditional positive regard
610
9. According to Humanistic Psychology, the
water, sun and nutrients that nurture our
personalities include all of the following,
except:
•
•
•
•
A) genuineness.
B) acceptance.
C) self-actualization.
D) empathy.
610
10. A major criticism of the
humanistic perspective is:
• A) it minimizes the evil side of human
nature.
• B) it has no relevance to psychotherapy.
• C) it discounts the ideal of a healthy
personality.
• D) it is based solely on childhood
memories and conflicts.
612
11. A trait is:
• A) a description of our outward
appearance.
• B) a repeated pattern of behavior.
• C) an unconscious motive driving our
behavior.
• D) a relatively stable predisposition to
act and feel in a certain way.
613
12. A test based on Carl Jung’s
personality types and used by 89 of
the 100 largest corporations is the:
•
•
•
•
A) Rorschach Test.
B) TAT.
C) Myers-Briggs.
D) MMPI.
613
13. According to Hans and Sybil Eysenck,
personality can be described in terms of
two dimensions, including stabilityinstability, and:
•
•
•
•
A) intrinsic-extrinsic.
B) conscious-unconscious.
C) extroversion-introversion.
D) happy-depressed.
614
14. Through factor analysis,
personality theorists have more
recently identified those basic traits,
called:
•
•
•
•
A) the 16PF.
B) the Big Five.
C) the MMPI.
D) fundamental personality factors.
618
15. In predicting from one Big Five
attribute to another, “night owls” were
more likely to be:
•
•
•
•
A) extraverts.
B) agreeable.
C) open.
D) conscientious.
619
16. Bandura called the process of
interacting with the environment ____.
•
•
•
•
A) self-efficacy
B) social-cognitive
C) social-cultural
D) reciprocal determinism
623
17. When someone relies on “fate” or
something like astrology to choose an
action implies:
•
•
•
•
A) mental retardation.
B) an external locus of control.
C) learned helplessness.
D) an internal locus of control.
625
18. When Martin Seligman experimented
with dogs and electric shock, he found they
eventually gave up. This was because of:
•
•
•
•
A) external locus of control.
B) learned helplessness.
C) unstable personality.
D) reciprocal determinism.
625
19. The best predictor of future behavior
is to look at:
•
•
•
•
A) the Big Five.
B) personality test results.
C) past behavior in similar situations.
D) achievement test scores.
630
20. Some psychologists criticize the
social-cognitive perspective because it:
• A) fails to appreciate the person’s inner
traits.
• B) is too scientific.
• C) is too descriptive and not testable.
• D) has no relevance to psychotherapy.
635
21. Teens are especially prone to this
phenomenon, afraid that everyone will
notice their behavior and judge it.
•
•
•
•
A) self-efficacy
B) spotlight effect
C) self-actualization
D) self-serving bias
632
22. A projective test that requires a
person look at several pictures and make
up stores is the:
•
•
•
•
A) Rorschach Inkblot Test.
B) MMPI.
C) 16PF.
D) TAT.
602
23. Items forming the depression scale of
the MMPI were “empirically derived,”
meaning:
• A) they were randomly selected from a
large pool of statements.
• B) they were the most popular when people
were surveyed.
• C) they were found to correlate with other
measures of depression.
• D) they were selected from a large pool of
items by people with depression.
617
24: The most widely used personality
test is the:
•
•
•
•
A) MMPI.
B) Rorschach Inkblot Test.
C) TAT.
D) 16PF.
618
25. Because its popularity of use has
exceeded research on its value as a
predictor, the Journal of Psychological
Type has contributed to the scientific study
of this test, the:
• A) Rorschach Inkblot Test.
• B) MMPI.
• C) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.
• D) TAT.
614
Acknowledgements
• Step Up Created by:
– John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
• Based on Psychology,
Eighth Edition
• By David G. Myers
• Published by
• Worth Publishers
(2007)
Answers
1.
C
9.
C
17.
B
2.
D
10.
A
18.
B
3.
B
11.
D
19.
C
4.
B
12.
C
20.
A
5.
D
13.
C
21.
B
6.
A
14.
B
22.
D
7.
C
15.
A
23.
D
8.
B
16.
D
24.
A
25.
C