Transcript To an observer on Earth, the bright and dark portions of the moon appear to change shape during each phase.

To an observer on Earth, the
bright and dark portions of the
moon appear to change shape
during each phase. The
diagram, however, shows that
during each phase, one half of
the moon is dark and one half
is reflecting sunlight.
– Describe the appearance of
the moon as seen from Earth
in the new moon, waxing
crescent, waxing gibbous, and
full moon phases.
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The new phase is when the moon is between the sun
and Earth. Light from the sun strikes the side of the
moon that is not visible from Earth. Therefore the
moon appears dark.
The crescent phase follows the new phase. In this
phase, the moon is positioned such that a small
portion of the lit side of the moon is facing Earth. Most
of the lit side, however, is still facing away from Earth.
Therefore, most of the moon appears dark.
The gibbous phase follows the crescent phase. As the
moon continues its orbit, the portion of its lit side that
is visible increases. During this phase, most of the lit
side of the moon is facing Earth.
Draw a diagram showing the
positions of the sun, Earth, and the
moon during the moon's new phase.
•Draw a picture to show how the
moon appears to an observer on
Earth during the moon's new phase.
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In the figure below, arrows show the direction of the orbits of
Earth and the moon.
– Complete the figure above by drawing the position of the
moon during its waning crescent phase.
– Draw a picture to show how the moon appears to an
observer on Earth during its waning crescent phase.
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– Describe how the length of the days in
the Northern Hemisphere changes with the
four seasons.
– Explain two characteristics of Earth that
cause the changes in the length of the
days through the seasons. Be sure to
identify how these two factors lead to
changes in day length.
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In the Northern Hemisphere, the longest days are in the
summer months. The day length decreases through
the fall. In winter, days are shortest. Day length
increases during the spring.
Earth's revolution around the Sun is a major cause of the
changing day length. The revolution takes one year,
which is the same time it takes day length to decrease
and increase. Revolving around the Sun causes the
Northern Hemisphere to point toward the Sun in the
summer, which leads to long days, and point away
from the Sun in the winter, which leads to short days.
Different parts of Earth point towards or away from the
Sun at different times of the year because Earth is
tilted on its axis.
– Identify two properties of
Earth that cause it to have
changing seasons.
– Explain the effect of each of
the properties you named.
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Earth's tilted axis and Earth's revolution around the Sun
are the properties that lead to Earth's changing
seasons.
During winter in Texas, Earth's tilt causes the Northern
Hemisphere to be pointed away from the Sun. This
means the Sun's rays are spread out over a large
area. During summer, the Northern Hemisphere is
pointed toward the Sun. Sunlight is less spread out, so
areas get more solar energy and heat up.
As Earth revolves around the Sun, the tilt of its axis
does not change. So, when Earth gets to the other
side of the Sun, it is tilted so that the Northern
Hemisphere is away from the Sun.
Saturday evening there was a LUNAR
ECLIPSE. Explain what happened with
the Earth, Moon, and Sun. Include a
diagram in your explanation.
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The Earth is between the moon and sun.
The shadow of the Earth falls on the
moon.
Over the holidays, the WINTER
SOLSTICE occurred. Described
what happened on this day.
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The planet's axis is tilted at its most away from
the sun, and marks the shortest day (least
hours of sunlight) and the beginning of winter,
(in the southern hemisphere this is the
summer solstice).
The Earth is getting indirect energy from the
Sun.
Today is the vernal
equinox.
Explain what this is
including a description of
the Earth & Sun.
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The sun is positioned above the equator, so the
tilt of the Earth is neither toward, nor away
from the Sun.
Day and night are about equal in length all over
the world.
It is the Autumnal Equinox in the Southern
Hemisphere.
Our days are getting longer and
longer (more minutes of sunlight
each day).
Why?
How long will this last?
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As the Earth revolves around the Sun, the
northern hemisphere is tilted more and more
towards the Sun.
More direct rays of the Sun are hitting the
northern hemisphere for longer periods of
time.
This will continue as until the Summer Solstice –
June 21 – when the revolution of the Earth
around the Sun will begin to cause the tilt to be
away from the Sun.
Describe:
Summer solstice
Winter solstice
Vernal equinox
Autumnal equinox
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1.
2.
Summer solstice - Approximately June 22 in the Northern
Hemisphere when the sun is highest in the sky and directly
overhead at the Tropic of Cancer. First official day of summer.
Longest day of the year.
Winter solstice - Approximately December 22 in the Northern
Hemisphere when the sun is lowest in the sky and directly
overhead at Tropic of Capricorn. First official day of winter.
Shortest day of the year.
3.
Vernal equinox - The equinox at which the sun approaches the
Northern Hemisphere and passes directly over the equator.
Occurs around March 20. First official day of spring. Equal days
and night all over the world..
4.
Autumnal equinox - The equinox at which the sun approaches
the Southern Hemisphere and passes directly over the equator.
Occurs around September 23. First official day of fall. Equal
days and night all over the world..
Explain the effect of direct
and indirect energy on
seasons.
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When the Earth is tilted toward the Sun, it
receives direct energy – energy that is
concentrated over a smaller area. This
causes hotter temperatures. (Summer)
When the Earth is tilted away from the
Sun, it receives indirect energy – energy
that is spread out over a larger area.
This causes cooler temperatures.
(Winter)
How many daylight hours do
people in different places on Earth
experience during an equinox?
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12 hours because day and night are equal
How do the rotation and
revolution of the Earth differ?
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Rotation is the turning on an axis;
revolution is orbiting another body
Explain the Sun’s position
compared to the Earth during the
equinoxes and solstices.
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• During the summer solstice in the northern
hemisphere, the Sun reaches it’s greatest
distance north of the equator and is directly over
the Tropic of Cancer.
• During the winter solstice in the northern
hemisphere, the Sun reaches it’s greatest
distance south of the equator and is directly over
the Tropic of Capricorn.
• During an equinox, the Sun is directly over the
equator.
Define these terms:
Orbit, axis, equinox,
solstice
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•
ORBIT – the path that an object makes, around
another object
•
AXIS – an imaginary line about which the Earth
rotates.
•
EQUINOX – the time when the sun crosses the
earth's equator, making night and day of approximately
equal length all over the earth and occurring about
March 21 (the spring or vernal equinox) and September
22 (autumnal equinox).
•
SOLSTICE – the moment the Sun is farthest north (in
June) or south (in December) in the sky. The June
(summer) solstice is the longest day of the year in the
northern hemisphere, while the December (winter)
solstice is the shortest day.
Tomorrow is the Autumnal
Equinox.
Draw a diagram to illustrate the
positions of the Earth, Moon,
and Sun
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