Transcript Elektronika Daya Pekik Argo Dahono Elektronika Daya Disiplin ilmu yang mempelajari penggunaan teknologi elektronika dalam konversi energi (daya) elektrik. Mengapa energi (daya) elektrik perlu.

Elektronika Daya
Pekik Argo Dahono
Elektronika Daya
Disiplin ilmu yang mempelajari penggunaan teknologi
elektronika dalam konversi energi (daya) elektrik.
Mengapa energi (daya) elektrik perlu dikonversikan?
• Hampir semua peralatan listrik bekerja kurang
efisien atau tidak bisa bekerja pada sumber energi
(daya) elektrik yang tersedia.
• Banyak pembangkit energi (daya) elektrik
nonkonvensional mempunyai bentuk yang tidak
kompatibel dengan sumber energi (daya) elektrik
lainnya.
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Konverter Daya
Daya keluaran
Daya masukan
Konverterdaya
Pengukuran
Beban
Pengukuran
Pengendali
Acuan
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Klasifikasi Konverter Daya
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•
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•
Konverter DC-ke-DC (Chopper)
Konverter AC-ke-DC (Penyearah)
Konverter DC-ke-AC (Inverter)
Konverter AC-ke-AC (Cycloconverter/Matrix)
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Konverter Sinyal dan Daya
Konverter Sinyal
Sinyal masuk
Sinyal keluar
Konverter Daya
Daya keluar
Daya masuk
Sinyal masuk
Daya masuk
Efficiency is the key
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Regulator tegangan
R1
Rv
Io
Vi
Io
Vi
Ro
Vo
R2
Ro
Vo
Efficiency is very low
No ripples on the input and output sides
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Switching Regulator
Ii
Ts
Vi
Io
TON
Vo
0
Vi
Vo
Load
Io
0
Ii
0
TON
Efficiency is very high
Vo 
Vi
Ts
Ripples on the input and output sides
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Linear and Switching Power Supplies
Linear
Switching
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Switching Mode Power Supplies
Advantages:
• High efficient and small size
• DC filter capacitor is working at high voltage
(Energy stored is high)
• The reactive component requirements are small.
Disadvantages:
• Control is more complicated
• EMC problems
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Power Supply Comparison
Power Density
Efficiency
Linear Power
Supply
<0.12 W/cm3
<40%
SMPS
6W/cm3
>95%
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Power Electronic Applications
in Power Generation
• Excitation system
• Automatic Voltage Regulator
• Variable Speed Power Generation (Hydro,
Wind, Microturbine gas)
• Power Conditioners for Renewable Power
Generation (Fuel cells, solar cells)
• Energy Storage
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Excitation System in Brushless AC Generator
D1
D3
D5
D2
D4
D6
Rotor
Stator
Exciter
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Main generator
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Renewable Energy System
Solar Cells
DC/DC
DC/DC
Energy Storages
Fuel Cells
Exhaust
Fuel
DC/DC
AC/DC
BUS DC
Fuel
Cells
Fuel Cells Modules
Generatr
Micro Hydro Electric Power
DC/AC
Utilitas
AC/DC
DC/AC
AC Loads
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Rote Island Hybrid Power System
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Power Electronic Applications in
Power Transmission
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•
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High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission
Static VAR Compensators
Series Compensation
Phase Shifters
Dynamic Braking
Flexible AC Transmission System
High-Speed Circuit Breakers
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Static VAR Compensator
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•
•
•
Improving power factor
Reducing voltage drop and losses
Increasing maximum power transfer
Improving damping factor
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HVDC Transmission System
AC System
AC System
DC Line
Converter
Converter
Two - terminals
dc system
• Asynchronous links
• Suitable for long distance transmission and
underground cable transmission
• Improving damping factor
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Power Electronic Applications in
Power Distribution
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Static VAR Compensators
Power Conditioners
Active Filters
Unified Power Conditioners
Dynamic Voltage Restorers
High-Speed Circuit Breakers
Light High-Voltage Direct-Current Distribution
Power conditioners for distributed power
generation
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Active Filter
is
AC source
Ls
if
es
Active
filter
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ih
Harmonic
source
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Power Electronic Applications in
Transportation Industries
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High-Speed Trains
Electric vehicles
Elevators
Airplanes
Ships
Unmanned vehicles
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PWM Inverter for Electric Traction
Pantograph
PWM Inverter
Traction Motors
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Shinkansen
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Electric Traction
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Electric Traction
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Diesel Electric Locomotive
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Toyota Prius
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Ford Escape
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Toyota Siena
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Honda Accord
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Hybrid Vehicles
parallel
Split
Series
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Power Electronic Applications in
Industries
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•
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•
Rolling mills
Variable speed pump systems
Cement kilns
Rolling ball mills
Robotics
Electrolysis
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Variable Speed Drive Applications
FLOW
REFERENCE
SET-POINT
CONTROLLER
MOTORIZED
VALVE
STARTER
SENSOR
MOTOR
Fixed Speed
PUMP
FLOW
REFERENCE
SET-POINT
CONTROLLER
VSD
SENSOR
MOTOR
PUMP
CONTROLLER
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Variable Speed Drives
Smoothing
inductor
AC Motor
AC source
3
Smoothing
capacitor
vout
Square - wave
inverter
Controlled
rectifier
AC Motor
AC source
3
Smoothing
capacitor
vout
Uncontrolled
rectifier
PWM inverter
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Variable Speed Pumping System
VALVE OPERATION
WITH STANDARD
EFFICIENTMOTOR
70
Pipe characteristic 2
Pipe characteristic 1
60
H2
50
H1
Pump characteristic 1
INPUT KW
Head/Press ure
80
ADJUSTABLE SPEED
OPERATION WITH
ENERGY EFFICIENT MOTOR
40
30
H3
20
Pump characteristic 2
10
Q2
Q1 Flow
0
500
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
FLOW (GPM)
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Power Electronic Applications in
Home Appliances
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Microwave heating
Air conditioners
Refrigerators
Toasters
Cookers
Vacuum cleaners
Wash machines
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Power Electronic Applications in
Information Industries
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•
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•
DC power supplies
Distributed power supplies
Power conditioners
Uninterruptible power supplies
Battery chargers
Voltage Regulator Modules
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Is power electronics new technology?
Power electronics have been developed since the
beginning of 20th century when mercury arc and
vacuum tubes technology was emerged.
Power conversion has been known for a long time by
using a combination of electrical machinery.
Power electronics development has grown very fast
since the introduction of thyristor or SCR
(Semiconductor controlled rectifier) in nineteen
fifties.
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Interdiciplinary nature of power electronics
Signal
processing
Control
theory
Circuit
theory
Electronics
Solid - state
physics
Power Electronics
Computer
Power
systems
Electric
machines
Electromagnetics
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Current Challenges
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Voltage regulator modules for microprocessors
Embedded inverter for motor drives
Intelligent power ICs
Flexible AC power transmission systems
Custom power distribution system
Unified power conditioners
Renewable energy power generation system
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Microprocessor operating voltages
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Laptop Power Supply System
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Matriks saklar
S3
S1
Vi
u
v
Load
S2
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S4
42
Penyearah tak terkendali
Vi
S3
S1
Vi
u
v
Load
S1
S2
S2
S4
S3
S4
v uv
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Penyearah terkendali
Vi
S1
S3
S1
S2
Vi
u
v
Load
S3
S4
S2
S4
v uv
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AC regulator
Vi
S3
S1
Vi
u
S1
v
Load
S2
S3
S2
S4
S4
vuv
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Phase-Controlled AC-AC Cycloconverter
S1
S3

ei
Beban
S2
vo
S4
ei
t
S1 & S 4
t
S 2 & S3
Fundamenta l component
vo
t
t
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Konverter DC-ke-DC
Vi
S3
S1
Vi
u
S1
v
Load
S2
S3
S2
S4
S4
v uv
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Inverter PWM
Vi
S3
S1
Vi
S1
S2
u
v
Load
S3
S4
S2
S4
v uv
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Understanding Power Electronic Circuits
• Consider all power semiconductor switches as
ideal switches
• Ideal switches have no voltage drop, no leakage
current, and transition times are zero.
• Practical considerations are given in detailed
design.
• Background on signal electronics is useful to
understand power electronics.
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The End
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