Transcript Girly Grass Dana Devin-Clarke. Sally Brown, Michael Muramoto*, and Michael Doubrava* University of Washington and *King County Environmental Laboratory Methods of Extraction Study Design Background Many.

Girly Grass
Dana Devin-Clarke. Sally Brown, Michael Muramoto*, and Michael Doubrava*
University of Washington and *King County Environmental Laboratory
Methods of Extraction
Study Design
Background
Many pharmaceuticals and personal care products or PCPPs enter and
leave wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) unaltered or incompletely
removed and are subsequently released into the environment through
wastewater outflows. Fish exposed to PPCPs in wastewater outflows
have been shown to exhibit intersex characteristics.
The leachate is collected and transferred to
King County for extraction and analysis.
6’’ X 6’’ squares of Fairway and Tee turf grass were transplanted from the
Foster Links Golf Course to pots in the CUH greenhouse.
Ibuprofen and Triclosan:
-Liquid/ Liquid extraction
-Concentration on Turbovap
-Analysis on GC/MS
The Estrogens:
-ZHE Filtration
Instead of releasing effluent into streams, wastewater can be further
treated and beneficially reused for irrigation of golf courses, farmland
or forestry plantations. However, the persistence of PCPPs once
applied to a soil system, such as a golf course, is yet to be
researched.
Subsequently, this study was created to assess the benefits and
potential for exposure to PCPPs by using reclaimed water produced
by Renton Treatment Plant to grow turf grass from the Foster Links
Golf Course in Tukwila. The PCPPs that will be monitored for mobility
as well as presence in the soils include: ibuprofen, triclosan and the
natural and synthetic estrogens: estriol, 17β-estradiol and
ethinylestradiol
Compounds of Interest
-Vacuum Degassing
-NH2 Cleanup
• T1 =Control (Tap water + 100%Fert)
-Silica Cleanup
• T2 = Reclaimed water (RW) only
-Alumina Cleanup
• T3 = RW + 50% Fertilizer
-Derivatizing the Extracts
-Analysis on the GC/MS
• T4 = RW + 100% Fertilizer
• T5 = Biosolids (Tap water only)
Each pot is watered with 500 mL of water and received fertilizer amendments
of 50% and 100% actual course application rates
Ibuprofen: an anti-inflammatory drug
- Concentrations as low as 1 μg/L affect
the heat shock response in trout fry
-USGS stream surveys in thirty states revealed a
detected stream concentrations:
Median = 0.20 µg/L Max =1.0 µg/L
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Triclosan: anti-microbial compound in household products
- Lethal conc. (LC50 rainbow trout = 0.35 μg/L)
- The degradation byproducts: methyl-TCS, which
bioaccumulates in fish and dioxin, a known
carcinogen
-Stream conc: Median(0.80 g/L) and Max. (40 g/L)
Natural and Synthetic estrogens:
-Fish exposed to concentrations as low as 1 ng/L
begin to develop intersex characteristics
-Stream conc.: a median and maximum
0.073 and 0.831 μg/L for ethinylestradiol (EE2)
0.009 and 0.2 μg/L for estradiol (E2)
0.027 and 0.112 μg/L for estrone (E1)
-C-18 SPE loading
These grasses were then assigned one of five treatments including:
The source water and leachate is collected every other week and tested
at the King County Environmental Laboratory.
These are tested to determine:
* The soil extraction and analysis methods
are currently being researched.
Preliminary Conclusions
Samples
Estrone (E1)
Estradiol (E2)
Ethinylestradiol
(EE2)
Reclaimed Water
(source)
130 ng/ 500 mL
18 ng/ 500 mL
15 ng/ 500 mL
Control Leachate
ND*
ND
ND
Fairway Leachate < MDL**
< MDL
ND
Tee Leachate
30
< MDL
ND
Biosolids
Leachate
< MDL
ND
< MDL
• the total concentration of compounds being loaded into the system
* ND = Not Detected, < MDL = less than methods detection limit
• the amount of compound that may potentially pass through the system
in the leachate
** Note these are the preliminary numbers from the first extraction. More
data is required to fully characterize the fate and concentration of
compounds within this system
The soil and plant samples will be collected and tested at the end of the
study to determine plant uptake as well as potential accumulation or
persistence of compounds in a sediment system.
Initial results indicate:
• The estrogens, added with the reclaimed water, do not pass through
the soil system.