Transcript Mike Jones, Corinne Alexander, and Jess Lowenberg-DeBoer MAJOR COMMON BEAN STORAGE PESTS     A.

Mike Jones, Corinne Alexander, and
Jess Lowenberg-DeBoer
MAJOR COMMON BEAN STORAGE PESTS




A. obtectus,
Z. subfasciatus
Cowpea bruchids
Without grain protection,
six month dry weight
losses of 10-40% are
common


Kiula and Karel (1985)
How does this affect
marketing producers
wishing to store?
Source: (top) ethz.ch, (bottom) infonet-biovision.org,
MAJOR QUESTIONS

What economic benefit of PICS technology
could exist for marketing common bean
producers?

How would the profitability of common bean
storage with PICS compare to other current
methods?
COMMON BEAN STORAGE PROTECTANTS

Songa and Rono (1998)



Paul et al. (2009)




*Chemicals: Ex. Actellic Super
*Solar Disinfestation: “Sunning and Sieving” (weekly)
*Botanicals
 A. indica
 C. Ambrosioides
Dichotomous Earth: Keep Dry®
Ash: S. and R. (1998) found much less effective
*Hermetic?

Compare to cowpea losses until PICS data available, cite
cowpea losses used in Moussa (2005)
COMMON BEAN HEDONIC PRICE FORMATION




(Weakly) link DWL to
% Damaged through
Mulungu (2006)
Common bean price
discounts from
Mishili et al. (2011) in
Tanzania
A 2.3% price discount
was found for every
bruchid hole in 100
grain sample
Revenue Loss derived
MOSTLY from quality
loss and price discounts
DWL (%)
1.67
3.18
4.69
6.20
7.71
9.22
% Beans % Revenue
Damaged*
Loss
2.17
5.0
4.35
10.0
6.52
15.0
8.70
20.0
10.87
25.0
13.04
30.0
*Conservative assumption of one hole per
bean
TANZANIA: COMMON BEAN PRICE SEASONALITY
Source: FEWSNET
TANZANIA: COMMON BEAN PRICE SEASONALITY
Source: FEWSNET
COMMON BEAN PRICE SEASONALITY ACROSS
EAST AFRICA
Percent Price Increase for High/Low Price Months
for Common Beans in Select East African Countries
Tanzania
Arusha
17.4%
Dar es
21.1%
Salaam
Dodoma
33.3%
Mbeya
39.1%
Songea
46.1%
Kigoma
58.7%
Kenya
Kitui
16.8%
Uganda
Lira
31.2%
Nairobi
20.1%
El Doret
27.5%
Gulu
68.4%
Kisimu
33.5%
Kampala
100%
Source: FEWSNET (five-year average [nominal] monthly prices)
Economic Threshold for Storage Profit
(Best-case Scenario: Perfect Protection- no weight or value loss)
Seasonal Price Increase (%)
8 months, OCC=0.25
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Opportunity Cost of Capital (OCC)
Harvest Price/kg (USD)
PICS Bag, Cost= $1
PICS Bag, Cost= $2
CASE STUDY: TANZANIA
Largest common
bean producing
country in East Africa
 Focus on (green)
production areas

 Kigoma
 Mbeya
 Songea
 Arusha
RETURNS TO VARIOUS METHODS: MBEYA
Following losses from Songa and Rono (1998),
PICS should be competitive with chemical and
solar methods.
 Use of bag for second year is important

Tanzanian Gains on Storage for Six Months
(OCC 25%)
$18.00
16.33
$16.00
14.92
Uncorrected USD
$14.00
$12.00
$10.00
7.35
$8.00
$6.00
PICS 1
PICS 2
7.30
5.95
5.90
Mbeya
Songea
$4.00
$2.00
$0.00
Kigoma
WAY FORWARD

Need to incorporate incoming PICS data from
current trials- Help link science and economics!
 Dry
weight loss
 Holes in 100 grains/ % Beans Damaged

Quality is import and probably varies by region
 Room

for economic research in price discounts
Understand greater impact of Opportunity Cost
and credit constraints
 Will
surely affect adoption for high-value beans
 Price seasonality must compensate!