Chapter One: Discovering Sociology Chapter Two: Doing Sociology Chapter Overview What is Sociology? The Origins of Sociology First Sociologists Sexism in Early Sociology Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology 2 The Sociological Perspective.
Download ReportTranscript Chapter One: Discovering Sociology Chapter Two: Doing Sociology Chapter Overview What is Sociology? The Origins of Sociology First Sociologists Sexism in Early Sociology Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology 2 The Sociological Perspective.
Chapter One: Discovering Sociology Chapter Two: Doing Sociology Chapter Overview What is Sociology? The Origins of Sociology First Sociologists Sexism in Early Sociology Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology 2 The Sociological Perspective The scientific study of human behavior, groups, and society Sociologists as Scientist Examine how social groups influence people’s lives Examines how people are influenced by their social setting. Small group social settings Large group social settings The Sociological Perspective Social Location Corners in Life Jobs Income Education Gender Age Race/Ethnicity 4 The Sociological Perspective The Sociological Perspective C. Wright Mills connect biography & history personal trouble or public issue? 5 The Sociological Perspective GLOBALIZATION Global Village The interconnectedness among people around the world Social change Global Awareness The Sociological Perspective Influence of Media Mass media oversimplify and dramatize social issues. What about the technomedia? Mass Media Technomedia traditional media forms: Books Magazines Newspapers Radio Television Movies newer individualized forms: Internet PCs iPods Smart phones Copyright (c) 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Sociological Perspective Development of Sociology 1. Major Social Changes in 19th Century a. b. 2. industrialization, urbanization, social disorganization sociology arose to understand changes Intellectual Climate of Historical Period a. b. age of reason/enlightenment explanations shifted from religious to scientific 8 The Sociological Perspective Auguste Comte: Founder of Sociology Lived in France Positivism Sociology a new science Coined the term “Sociology” (the study of society) Advocate of social reform 1798-1857 9 The Sociological Perspective Herbert Spencer: Social Darwinism Lived in England Disagreed with Comte that Sociology should guide reform Societies are evolutionary Evolve from lower to higher forms Social Reform interferes with natural process of selection Social Philosopher 1820-1903 Did not conduct scientific studies Only developed ideas about society 10 The Sociological Perspective Karl Marx: Class Conflict Human history Created by class conflict Economics is central force for social change Class Conflict Proletariat vs. the Bourgeoisie Marx’ predictions Marxism is not the same as Communism 1818-1883 11 The Sociological Perspective Max Weber: Religion Lived in Germany Disagreed with Marx The Protestant Ethic is tied to the rise of capitalism Religion was a key factor to the rise of capitalism 1864-1920 12 The Sociological Perspective Emile Durkheim: Social Integration First to establish sociology as a separate academic discipline; a social science Sociological ideas could be tested and published Theory: Social forces shape human behavior Studied suicide rates in several European countries 1858-1917 13 The Sociological Perspective Rural Areas Agricultural life Smaller population vs. Urban Areas City life Larger population Compared suicide rates of various groups SOCIAL FACTORS underlie suicide Social Integration The Sociological Perspective Egotistic Low social integration/weak bonds Individualistic Altruistic High social integration/strong bonds Willing to die to accomplish group’s goals Anomic Suicide No integration Can not pursue society’s goals; no sense of norms (rules) Fatalistic Suicide No integration Results from strict regulation of norms(rules) The Sociological Perspective Sexism in Early Sociology Attitudes of the Time 1800s Sex Roles Rigidly Defined Higher education reserved for men and the wealthy Harriet Martineau Harriet Martineau Published Society in America Before Durkheim and Weber Were Born Known for translating Comte’s works from French to English 1802-1876 16 The Sociological Perspective Jane Addams Came from a background of privilege Social reformer Advocate for social justice Co-founded the Hull House in 1889 Campaigned for laws against child labor 1860-1935 Leader of women’s rights and peace movement of World War I Co-winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 17 The Sociological Perspective W.E.B. Du Bois and Race Relations 1st African American to earn a doctorate at Harvard Grew up within a very racist society Every year between 1896 and 1914 he published a book on race relations between African Americans and Whites He became active in social reform after years of collecting and interpreting data Founded the N.A.A.C.P 1868-1963 18 The Sociological Perspective Three Theoretical Perspectives Theory-a general statement about how some parts of the world fit together and how they work Sociologists use theories to conduct sociological research Allows Sociologists to view a social problem from many different perspectives Symbolic Interactionist Functional Analysis Conflict Theory 19 The Sociological Perspective Each theoretical perspective looks at statistical data in a different light, i.e. marriage and divorce rates 20 The Sociological Perspective Symbolic Interactionism Symbolic Interactionists believe that individuals evaluate their own conduct by comparing themselves with others Symbolic Interactionists study: How people interpret symbols How people interact one on one How people behave according to how they define themselves and others Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 21 The Sociological Perspective Functional Analysis The Functional Analysis perspective views society as a whole unit, made up of interrelated parts that work together. Functional Analysists study: The structure of society How each part of society has certain functions that must be fulfilled What happens to society when dysfunctions occur 22 The Sociological Perspective Founded by Karl Marx Groups competing for scarce resources Groups competing for power and authority Conflict can be positive as it can bring about positive change 23 The Sociological Perspective Two Levels of Sociological Analysis Macro Level - Large Scale Patterns in Society Functional Analysis and Conflict Theory Micro Level-Social interactions on a small scale Symbolic Interactionism Which level of analysis is best? 24 The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 25 The Sociological Perspective