CRITICAL QUESTION How should the bounty of a society be distributed? JUSTICE • DISTRIBUTIVE – Each according to their need – Each person an equal share – Each.
Download ReportTranscript CRITICAL QUESTION How should the bounty of a society be distributed? JUSTICE • DISTRIBUTIVE – Each according to their need – Each person an equal share – Each.
CRITICAL QUESTION How should the bounty of a society be distributed? JUSTICE • DISTRIBUTIVE – Each according to their need – Each person an equal share – Each person according to their right – Each person according to their effort – Each person according to their contribution to society • COMPENSATORY JUSTICE – Compensate people for what they have lost when wronged by others • RETRIBUTIVE JUSTICE – Imposition of punishment and penalties on wrong doers • MATERIAL PRINCIPLE OF JUSTICE – Determines what it means to give a person their due • EGALITARIAN VIEW – Each person has an equal claim on society’s goods and services • LIBERTARIAN VIEW – Each person free to act according to their own purpose free from coercion of government RIGHTS • DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS – Authority given by God • NATURAL RIGHTS – Highest form of rights given by authority higher than society • LEGAL RIGHTS – Provided by constitution, legislative enactments, case law or executive order • ENTITLEMENT – Provided by moral norms or legal system • NEGATIVE RIGHT – Protects an action from being interfered with by others • POSITIVE RIGHT – Provides individual with what they need to pursue freely their interests • MORAL RIGHT – Moral obligation one has in the treatment of others DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE John Rawls • What rules constitute a just society? – Liberties are equal to all citizens – Rights not subject to political bargaining – Rights not subject to calculation of other social interests (AntiUtilitarian) HOW DO WE CONSTRUCT AT JUST SOCIETY? • Created out of agreement between free and independent persons. • Use Veil of Ignorance: A third part brings the people together and states that they are to design a system for the distribution of compensation and sacrifice. They do not know what their starting point will be in that society WHAT WILL THIS SOCIETY LOOK LIKE? • Each person will have right to equal access to offices and opportunities • If there is inequality it will be to the benefit of ALL . • Political Institutions: Based on legality, liberty of conscious, freedom of though. Equal education, Free choice of professions, • Economic Institutions: Equal opportunity to engage in commercial activities, fortunate promote well-being of the less fortunate, gifted pay for cost of training and cultivation of their endowments in a way to improve the less fortunate GOVERNMENT’S ROLE • Keep markets competitive • Ensure full employment of resources, property, and wealth • Distribute wealth broadly to maintain social minimums • Equal opportunity underwritten by education THE ENTITLEMENT THEORY Robert Nozick • The minimal state is the most extensive state that can be justified • Just Distribution – Arises out of legitimate means – If acquired through transfer from another can be held – No one can hold property except by these means REDISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH • HISTORIC: How did the distribution take place (Earned, borrowed or stolen) • TIME SLICE: Current welfare economics. Justice is determine by who has what and who needs what • LIBERTY THROUGH VOLUNTARY ACTION WILL OVERTURN ANY IMPOSED SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION COMPLEX EQUALITY Michael Walzer • How do adjust for difference in – Being, Doing, Having, Consuming, Identity, Status. • There is no single best criteria for distribution. Not Markets, Not Government DOMINANCE SYSTEMS • ARISTOCRACY – Rule by breeding and intelligence • DIVINE SUPREMANCY – Know the word of God • MERITOCRACY – Rule because of talent • FREE EXCHANGE – Movable Wealth DOMINANCE IS TRANSITORY • Pressure to redistribute wealth when to centralized • Pressure to change based on new ideas • “Iron Law of OligarchyRobert Michels 1915 – A society cannot exist without a dominant class. The overthrow of an elite will lead to the formation of another REDISTRIBUTION MODEL • Understand how goods are valued by society • Understand how the good relate to each other • Free Exchange: Money controlled “ultimate illegal immigrant.” • Desert: Linkage between deserving and the market • Need: The specific sphere (context) establish distribution appropriate to context. Piety versus financial rewards.