Emission of pollutants into the atmosphere

Katarina Mareckova, EMEP Centre on Emission Inventories and Projections 4 July 2012, Geneva TF on Indicators



Content



Introduction



Estimation and reporting of emissions



What is NIS and why we need it



Status of reporting under CLRTAP in EECCA and WB



Indicators

Emission sources

 Releases to air occurring by

anthropogenic activities

(combustions of fuels, agriculture activities, mining, industrial processes, leakages from equipment's, pipelines…) 

Natural emissions

(volcano eruptions, forest fires, releases from soil, vegetation,..

Type of source

 Point sources  Area sources  Linear sources (diffuse emissions)

Emission estimation

A.

Direct measurements of emissions e.g. in chimney measurements B.

  Estimation by calculation Emission factor (mass pollutant per unit activity) Activity data

C.

Inverse modeling (e.g. based on air quality measurements)

Quality parameters of emission inventory T TCCCA

 Timeliness  Transparency  Consistency  Comparability  Completeness and  Accuracy

Quality control

    Review process of emissions inventories is established under all Conventions and Protocols Automated tests on imported data: format, timeliness, trends… Semi-automated tests on completeness, consistency ,IEF, recalculations,… In-depth review of methods, EF and AD, documentation…

What is National Inventory System (NIS)

   

A national inventory system incorporates all the elements necessary

to estimate, report and archive emissions and

sinks, i.e.

Legal

arrangements

Institutional

arrangements

Procedural

arrangements

High quality inventory that meets needs of policy-makers, researchers and public

Legal arrangements (Act , decree,…)

Define responsibilities (legal entity)

Ensures resources

Establish system for collecting the data Ensures access to inventory data for inventory compilers

Institutional and procedural arrangements

Data providers (StatOff, Industries , … Sectoral experts

Leading institution

Team coordinator QA/QC mana ger DB manag er Cooperating institutions Universiti Consultant s inst.

Strategy / workplan

in place

QA/QC plan

developed

Reporting

system in place

Documentation and Archiving

system in place

How could it work Develop improvement strategy Assessment of current status Inventory Planning Management meets needs of policy-makers, researchers and public Inventory Preparation

Existing reporting obligation

      LRTAP Convention (21 pollutants: acidifying, ozone precursors,

PM, HMs, POPs); 51 Parties

8 protocols  UNFCCC (GHGs: CO2, N2O, CH4, F-gases) 123 Parties Kyoto protocol Montreal protocol – Ozone depleting pollutants  Aarhus Convention E-PRTR protocol – industrial point sources – 91 pollutants

…….



EIONET framework (EEA) – annual priority data flows

Overview of reporting under CLRTAP in 2010; EECCA and WB countries

PARTY

Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia & Herzegovina Croatia Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Montenegro Republic of Moldova FYR of Macedonia Russian Federation Serbia Ukraine

Submission Date EMEP Resubmission Date IIR 2010 SO2 NOx CO NH3 NMVOC Cd,Hg, Pb

12.04.2012

31.05.2012

 26.04.2012

15.02.2012

15.03.2012



PM2.5, PM10 TSP POPs (PAH DIOX HCB)

1990 - 2009 1990 - 2009 1990 - 2009 2008, 2009 1990 - 2009 2005, 2006, 2005, 2006, 2008 - 2008 - 2010 2010* 2005, 2006, 2008 - 2010* 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010

Activity Data

2010 14.02.2012

22.02.2012

10.04.2012

13.02.2012

30.03.2012

10.02.2012

15.02.2012

19.04.2012

06.03.2012

18.06.2012

14.03.2012

27.04.2012

  1990 - 2010 1990 - 2010 1990 - 2010 1990 - 2010 2005 - 2010* 1990 - 2010* 2010 2010 1990 - 2010* 1990 - 2010 1990 - 2010* 2010 2005 - 2010* 2010* 2010 2010 1990 - 2010* 2005 - 2010* 1990 - 2010* 1990 - 2010 2010  2000 - 2010 2000 - 2010 2000 - 2010 2000 - 2010 2000 - 2010 2000 - 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010

Data flow

UNECE Secretariat Notification forms

MS inventories MS inventories MS inventories EMEP SB EMEP EB Status reports modelers

Central DB

RepDab Surrogate data Eurostat CRF, NECD EEA, ETC ACM

Resources for emission inventory compilers:

Guidebooks and Tools



EMEP/ EEA Inventory Guidebook 2009

http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-emission-inventory-guidebook-2009  http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications-ru/emep-eea/ 

EMEP Emission Reporting Guidelines

ECE/EB.AIR/97 http://www.ceip.at/fileadmin/inhalte/emep/reporting_2009/Rep_Guidelines_ECE_ EB_AIR_97_e.pdf

 COPERT road transport software  CollectER emission inventory DB E-PRTR Guidance

Existing Guidebooks and tools



UNFCCC

reporting guidelines 

IPCC Inventory Guidebooks and IPCC Good Practice Guidance

http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/methodology-reports.htm



IPCC Software

http://www.ipcc nggip.iges.or.jp/software/new.html

Existing reporting formats

 NFR/CRF sectors, categories

Main Pollutants (from 1980) FR: 09.02.2012:

NFR sectors to be reported to LRTAP

2010 Particulate Matter (from 2000) Other Main pollutants (from 1980) Priority Heavy Metals (from 1990) NFR Aggregation for Gridding and LPS (GNFR)

NFR Code

A_PublicPower B_IndustrialComb B_IndustrialComb B_IndustrialComb B_IndustrialComb B_IndustrialComb B_IndustrialComb B_IndustrialComb B_IndustrialComb I_OffRoadMob J_AviLTO J_AviLTO G_RoadRail G_RoadRail G_RoadRail G_RoadRail G_RoadRail 1 A 1 a 1 A 1 b 1 A 1 c 1 A 2 a 1 A 2 b 1 A 2 c 1 A 2 d 1 A 2 e 1 A 2 f i 1 A 2 f ii 1 A 3 a ii (i) 1 A 3 a i (i) 1 A 3 b i 1 A 3 b ii 1 A 3 b iii 1 A 3 b iv 1 A 3 b v

Longname

(a) 1 A 1 a Public Electricity and Heat Production (a) 1 A 1 b Petroleum refining (a) 1 A 1 c Manufacture of Solid Fuels and Other Energy Industries (a) 1 A 2 a Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Iron and Steel (a) 1 A 2 b Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Non-ferrous Metals (a) (a) (a) 1 A 2 c Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Chemicals 1 A 2 d Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Pulp, Paper and Print 1 A 2 e Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Food Processing, Beverages and Tobacco 1 A 2 f i Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Other 1 A 2 f ii Mobile Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction 1 A 3 a ii (i) Civil Aviation (Domestic, LTO) 1 A 3 a i (i) International Aviation (LTO) 1 A 3 b i Road Transport:, Passenger cars 1 A 3 b ii Road Transport:, Light duty vehicles 1 A 3 b iii Road Transport:, Heavy duty vehicles 1 A 3 b iv Road Transport:, Mopeds & Motorcycles 1 A 3 b v Road Transport:, Gasoline evaporation Notes: Gg NO2 Gg Gg SO2 Gg 65.3

14.8

3.1

13.6

1.6

29.1

12.6

14.4

49.1

22.6

3.0

7.3

244.5

97.5

248.2

3.7

NA 0.8

0.4

3.3

1.4

0.1

0.7

0.4

0.5

4.4

4.4

0.6

0.8

47.0

12.2

8.5

27.5

15.8

65.8

29.2

2.9

17.7

0.3

20.7

1.8

5.1

30.2

1.7

0.3

0.6

0.5

0.2

0.2

0.0

NA 0.1

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.9

NA NA NA 6.4

0.4

0.1

0.0

NA Gg Gg Gg 2.0

0.6

0.7

2.5

0.0

1.0

2.7

1.2

4.0

2.1

0.2

0.2

14.7

7.5

4.0

0.4

NA 3.5

0.9

0.9

3.0

0.1

1.9

3.5

1.5

5.2

2.3

0.2

0.3

16.0

8.2

4.4

0.5

NA 4.2

1.3

1.2

3.2

0.1

2.3

4.6

2.0

6.4

3.1

0.3

0.5

16.0

8.2

4.4

0.5

NA Gg 17.5

6.3

12.8

508.5

0.7

7.2

10.3

7.2

55.8

13.9

3.4

4.7

439.6

97.4

45.6

114.1

NA Mg Mg 3.1

0.4

0.0

33.9

0.8

0.1

3.1

1.3

7.9

NA 6.0

NA 1.3

0.3

0.3

0.1

NA 0.3

0.1

0.0

0.7

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.6

NA NA NA 0.3

0.1

0.0

0.0

NA Mg 0.8

0.1

0.0

0.3

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.1

0.6

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA  E-PRTR activities

IMPORTANT NOTE



Do not start to develop new emissions/ emission

inventory system before assessing previous relevant activities in your country  Establish cooperation , use existing experience of inventory experts in your country,  Support your national inventory experts by providing activity data in required formats and on

time

Use of the indicator

Emission trends

   Trends in air quality Implementation of abatement measures Economical development

Difference 1990-2010, and Distance to GP Target ( 2010 emissions to ceilings)

Compliance with international treaties

Identification of main sectors to total emissions

    

S1- Combustion in energy and transformation industries,

S2-Non-industrial combustion plants, S3-Combustion in manufacturing industry, S4-Production processes, S5-Extraction and distribution of fossil fuels and geothermal energy      S6-Solvent use and other product use, S7-Road transport S8-Other mobile sources and machinery , S9-Waste treatment and disposal S10-Agriculture

Key categories

• • • • •

1A1a Public Electricity and Heat Production”, “1A fi Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing industries and Construction: Other”

“2C1 Iron and Steel Production”.

1A2b Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Non-ferrous Metals 1A4bi Residential: Stationary plants

Emissions and projections (example)

Emission per GNI, per capita

Spatial distribution of emissions

max SOx max NH 3 min min

MAIN PM

Distribution of LPS, 2012

POPs HM

Large industrial facilities with releases to air (cca 27 000) E-PRTR 2009

E-PRTR Time series - Air

Discussion items

  How to ensure /improve communication between data providers and inventory compilers How to improve quality of reported emissions       

Where are the problems ?

AD : accessibility, availability, completeness, confidentiality, …..

EFs : applicability, uncertainty,….

Tools: guidance, software, literature, database,..

Legal barriers,… awareness of decision maker, data providers… What can we do?