Emission of pollutants into the atmosphere Katarina Mareckova, EMEP Centre on Emission Inventories and Projections 4 July 2012, Geneva TF on Indicators.
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Emission of pollutants into the atmosphere
Katarina Mareckova, EMEP Centre on Emission Inventories and Projections 4 July 2012, Geneva TF on Indicators
Content
Introduction
Estimation and reporting of emissions
What is NIS and why we need it
Status of reporting under CLRTAP in EECCA and WB
Indicators
Emission sources
Releases to air occurring by
anthropogenic activities
(combustions of fuels, agriculture activities, mining, industrial processes, leakages from equipment's, pipelines…)
Natural emissions
(volcano eruptions, forest fires, releases from soil, vegetation,..
Type of source
Point sources Area sources Linear sources (diffuse emissions)
Emission estimation
A.
Direct measurements of emissions e.g. in chimney measurements B.
Estimation by calculation Emission factor (mass pollutant per unit activity) Activity data
C.
Inverse modeling (e.g. based on air quality measurements)
Quality parameters of emission inventory T TCCCA
Timeliness Transparency Consistency Comparability Completeness and Accuracy
Quality control
Review process of emissions inventories is established under all Conventions and Protocols Automated tests on imported data: format, timeliness, trends… Semi-automated tests on completeness, consistency ,IEF, recalculations,… In-depth review of methods, EF and AD, documentation…
What is National Inventory System (NIS)
A national inventory system incorporates all the elements necessary
to estimate, report and archive emissions and
sinks, i.e.
Legal
arrangements
Institutional
arrangements
Procedural
arrangements
High quality inventory that meets needs of policy-makers, researchers and public
Legal arrangements (Act , decree,…)
Define responsibilities (legal entity)
Ensures resources
Establish system for collecting the data Ensures access to inventory data for inventory compilers
Institutional and procedural arrangements
Data providers (StatOff, Industries , … Sectoral experts
Leading institution
Team coordinator QA/QC mana ger DB manag er Cooperating institutions Universiti Consultant s inst.
Strategy / workplan
in place
QA/QC plan
developed
Reporting
system in place
Documentation and Archiving
system in place
How could it work Develop improvement strategy Assessment of current status Inventory Planning Management meets needs of policy-makers, researchers and public Inventory Preparation
Existing reporting obligation
LRTAP Convention (21 pollutants: acidifying, ozone precursors,
PM, HMs, POPs); 51 Parties
8 protocols UNFCCC (GHGs: CO2, N2O, CH4, F-gases) 123 Parties Kyoto protocol Montreal protocol – Ozone depleting pollutants Aarhus Convention E-PRTR protocol – industrial point sources – 91 pollutants
…….
EIONET framework (EEA) – annual priority data flows
Overview of reporting under CLRTAP in 2010; EECCA and WB countries
PARTY
Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia & Herzegovina Croatia Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Montenegro Republic of Moldova FYR of Macedonia Russian Federation Serbia Ukraine
Submission Date EMEP Resubmission Date IIR 2010 SO2 NOx CO NH3 NMVOC Cd,Hg, Pb
12.04.2012
31.05.2012
26.04.2012
15.02.2012
15.03.2012
PM2.5, PM10 TSP POPs (PAH DIOX HCB)
1990 - 2009 1990 - 2009 1990 - 2009 2008, 2009 1990 - 2009 2005, 2006, 2005, 2006, 2008 - 2008 - 2010 2010* 2005, 2006, 2008 - 2010* 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010
Activity Data
2010 14.02.2012
22.02.2012
10.04.2012
13.02.2012
30.03.2012
10.02.2012
15.02.2012
19.04.2012
06.03.2012
18.06.2012
14.03.2012
27.04.2012
1990 - 2010 1990 - 2010 1990 - 2010 1990 - 2010 2005 - 2010* 1990 - 2010* 2010 2010 1990 - 2010* 1990 - 2010 1990 - 2010* 2010 2005 - 2010* 2010* 2010 2010 1990 - 2010* 2005 - 2010* 1990 - 2010* 1990 - 2010 2010 2000 - 2010 2000 - 2010 2000 - 2010 2000 - 2010 2000 - 2010 2000 - 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010
Data flow
UNECE Secretariat Notification forms
MS inventories MS inventories MS inventories EMEP SB EMEP EB Status reports modelers
Central DB
RepDab Surrogate data Eurostat CRF, NECD EEA, ETC ACM
Resources for emission inventory compilers:
Guidebooks and Tools
EMEP/ EEA Inventory Guidebook 2009
http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-emission-inventory-guidebook-2009 http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications-ru/emep-eea/
EMEP Emission Reporting Guidelines
ECE/EB.AIR/97 http://www.ceip.at/fileadmin/inhalte/emep/reporting_2009/Rep_Guidelines_ECE_ EB_AIR_97_e.pdf
COPERT road transport software CollectER emission inventory DB E-PRTR Guidance
Existing Guidebooks and tools
UNFCCC
reporting guidelines
IPCC Inventory Guidebooks and IPCC Good Practice Guidance
http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/methodology-reports.htm
IPCC Software
http://www.ipcc nggip.iges.or.jp/software/new.html
Existing reporting formats
NFR/CRF sectors, categories
Main Pollutants (from 1980) FR: 09.02.2012:
NFR sectors to be reported to LRTAP
2010 Particulate Matter (from 2000) Other Main pollutants (from 1980) Priority Heavy Metals (from 1990) NFR Aggregation for Gridding and LPS (GNFR)
NFR Code
A_PublicPower B_IndustrialComb B_IndustrialComb B_IndustrialComb B_IndustrialComb B_IndustrialComb B_IndustrialComb B_IndustrialComb B_IndustrialComb I_OffRoadMob J_AviLTO J_AviLTO G_RoadRail G_RoadRail G_RoadRail G_RoadRail G_RoadRail 1 A 1 a 1 A 1 b 1 A 1 c 1 A 2 a 1 A 2 b 1 A 2 c 1 A 2 d 1 A 2 e 1 A 2 f i 1 A 2 f ii 1 A 3 a ii (i) 1 A 3 a i (i) 1 A 3 b i 1 A 3 b ii 1 A 3 b iii 1 A 3 b iv 1 A 3 b v
Longname
(a) 1 A 1 a Public Electricity and Heat Production (a) 1 A 1 b Petroleum refining (a) 1 A 1 c Manufacture of Solid Fuels and Other Energy Industries (a) 1 A 2 a Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Iron and Steel (a) 1 A 2 b Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Non-ferrous Metals (a) (a) (a) 1 A 2 c Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Chemicals 1 A 2 d Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Pulp, Paper and Print 1 A 2 e Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Food Processing, Beverages and Tobacco 1 A 2 f i Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Other 1 A 2 f ii Mobile Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction 1 A 3 a ii (i) Civil Aviation (Domestic, LTO) 1 A 3 a i (i) International Aviation (LTO) 1 A 3 b i Road Transport:, Passenger cars 1 A 3 b ii Road Transport:, Light duty vehicles 1 A 3 b iii Road Transport:, Heavy duty vehicles 1 A 3 b iv Road Transport:, Mopeds & Motorcycles 1 A 3 b v Road Transport:, Gasoline evaporation Notes: Gg NO2 Gg Gg SO2 Gg 65.3
14.8
3.1
13.6
1.6
29.1
12.6
14.4
49.1
22.6
3.0
7.3
244.5
97.5
248.2
3.7
NA 0.8
0.4
3.3
1.4
0.1
0.7
0.4
0.5
4.4
4.4
0.6
0.8
47.0
12.2
8.5
27.5
15.8
65.8
29.2
2.9
17.7
0.3
20.7
1.8
5.1
30.2
1.7
0.3
0.6
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.0
NA 0.1
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.9
NA NA NA 6.4
0.4
0.1
0.0
NA Gg Gg Gg 2.0
0.6
0.7
2.5
0.0
1.0
2.7
1.2
4.0
2.1
0.2
0.2
14.7
7.5
4.0
0.4
NA 3.5
0.9
0.9
3.0
0.1
1.9
3.5
1.5
5.2
2.3
0.2
0.3
16.0
8.2
4.4
0.5
NA 4.2
1.3
1.2
3.2
0.1
2.3
4.6
2.0
6.4
3.1
0.3
0.5
16.0
8.2
4.4
0.5
NA Gg 17.5
6.3
12.8
508.5
0.7
7.2
10.3
7.2
55.8
13.9
3.4
4.7
439.6
97.4
45.6
114.1
NA Mg Mg 3.1
0.4
0.0
33.9
0.8
0.1
3.1
1.3
7.9
NA 6.0
NA 1.3
0.3
0.3
0.1
NA 0.3
0.1
0.0
0.7
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
NA NA NA 0.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
NA Mg 0.8
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.6
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA E-PRTR activities
IMPORTANT NOTE
Do not start to develop new emissions/ emission
inventory system before assessing previous relevant activities in your country Establish cooperation , use existing experience of inventory experts in your country, Support your national inventory experts by providing activity data in required formats and on
time
Use of the indicator
Emission trends
Trends in air quality Implementation of abatement measures Economical development
Difference 1990-2010, and Distance to GP Target ( 2010 emissions to ceilings)
Compliance with international treaties
Identification of main sectors to total emissions
S1- Combustion in energy and transformation industries,
S2-Non-industrial combustion plants, S3-Combustion in manufacturing industry, S4-Production processes, S5-Extraction and distribution of fossil fuels and geothermal energy S6-Solvent use and other product use, S7-Road transport S8-Other mobile sources and machinery , S9-Waste treatment and disposal S10-Agriculture
Key categories
• • • • •
1A1a Public Electricity and Heat Production”, “1A fi Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing industries and Construction: Other”
“2C1 Iron and Steel Production”.
1A2b Stationary Combustion in Manufacturing Industries and Construction: Non-ferrous Metals 1A4bi Residential: Stationary plants
Emissions and projections (example)
Emission per GNI, per capita
Spatial distribution of emissions
max SOx max NH 3 min min
MAIN PM
Distribution of LPS, 2012
POPs HM
Large industrial facilities with releases to air (cca 27 000) E-PRTR 2009
E-PRTR Time series - Air
Discussion items
How to ensure /improve communication between data providers and inventory compilers How to improve quality of reported emissions
Where are the problems ?
AD : accessibility, availability, completeness, confidentiality, …..
EFs : applicability, uncertainty,….
Tools: guidance, software, literature, database,..
Legal barriers,… awareness of decision maker, data providers… What can we do?