Transcript The Future of Fundamental Physics Research at NASA From Quantum to Cosmos: Fundamental Physics Research in Space Airlie Center, Warrenton VA May 21-24, 2006 Michael Salamon Astrophysics.

The Future of Fundamental
Physics Research at NASA
From Quantum to Cosmos: Fundamental Physics
Research in Space
Airlie Center, Warrenton VA
May 21-24, 2006
Michael Salamon
Astrophysics Division/Science Mission Directorate/NASA HQ
Fundamental Physics at NASA
• “Laboratory” fundamental physics within the
Astrophysics Division: The fundamental issues
• Difficult times: Budget, earmarks
• Advisory bodies
• The Roadmap process: The nose of the camel…
• Summary
How Can Laboratory Fundamental Physics
Become a Priority within Astrophysics?
•
Context:
•
•
Fixed funding: money for LFP comes at expense of other existing programs
Large (strategic) missions: Must be in the Decadal Survey, which establishes
national priorities across agencies, and subsequently the NASA Roadmap.
•
•
•
•
•
•
NRC’s Board of Physics and Astronomy (BPS) and the Space Studies Board (SSB)
supports the Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee (AASC)
Panel Reports to the BPS/SSB provide input to AASC
Small mission opportunities: Explorer Program (WMAP success; STEP made
finalist list)
Research and Analysis: Reduced funding, although LFP does receive modest
support (e.g. APOLLO, in cooperation with the NSF); balloon missions.
International Space Station: No longer a NASA decision; the Administration
has decided to use the US share of the ISS only for those life science studies
required for exploration.
Entry Points:
•
•
•
Decadal Survey
Advisory bodies (NAC, ApS, AAAC)
SMD Roadmap
Astrophysics Missions
Mission
Launch
06 IBPD
Phase
End of Prime
HST
RXTE
FUSE
Chandra
XMM
HETE-2
WMAP
Integral
GALEX
Spitzer
Gravity Probe - B
Sw if t
Astro-E2/Suzaku
Herschel
Planck
GLAST
HST SM-4
Kepler
WISE
JWST
SIM
LISA
Con-X
JDEM
TPF
SOFIA
Apr-90
Dec-95
Jun-99
Jul-99
Dec-99
Oct-00
Jun-01
Oct-02
Apr-03
Aug-03
Apr-04
Nov-04
Jul-05
Jul-07
Jul-07
Sep-07
NET Dec-07
Jun-08
Jun-09
Jun-13
2015-2016
TBD
TBD
TBD
n/a
n/a
same
same
same
same
same
same
same
same
same
same
same
same
same
same
same
May-07
robotic
TBD
Aug-08
Aug-11
Oct-12
Sep-13
n/a
n/a
n/a
Aug-06
Implementation - Extended Operations
Implementation - Extended Operations
Implementation - Extended Operations
Implementation - Extended Operations
Implementation - Extended Operations
Implementation - Extended Operations
Implementation - Extended Operations
Implementation - Extended Operations
Implementation - Extended Operations
Implementation - Prime Operations
Implementation - Post-Op Data Analysis
Implementation - Prime Operations
Implementation - Prime Operations
Implementation - Development
Implementation - Development
Implementation - Development
Implementation - Development
Implementation - Development
Implementation - Development
Formulation
Formulation
Formulation
Pre-Formulation
Pre-Formulation
delayed indef initely
under review
Apr-05
Jan-98
Mar-03
Jul-04
Dec-04
Oct-01
Sep-03
Sep-04
Aug-05
May-06
Sep-05
Jan-07
Feb-08
Current Budgetary Issues at NASA
• Unanticipated costs within the Shuttle and International
Space Station programs required the Administrator to reduce
the growth in the Science Mission Directorate funding levels
by ~$3B over the next five years.
• SMD now sees 1.5% growth in FY07, followed by 1% growth
in later years.
• Within the Astrophysics Division, cost increases in JWST,
GLAST, and HST SM4 have serious impact on other, later
missions:
• NuSTAR is cancelled.
• SOFIA has undergone review (budget zeroed out for FY07 and
beyond); fate TBD.
• Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) zeroed out for FY07 and beyond.
• Beyond Einstein Program severely cut.
• R&A budget cut by 15% for FY07 and beyond. (This is being
reconsidered following response from the science community.)
FY 2007 President’s Budget
2007 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
(TheFYUniverse
Budget Changes)
The Universe Budget Changes
FY 2006
FY 2007
FY 2008
FY 2009
FY 2010
TOTAL
FY 2006 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
1,512.2
1,531.5
1,539.4
1,495.0
1,406.7
7,484.9
FY 2007 PRESIDENT'S BUDGET
1,507.9
1,509.2
1,500.9
1,307.9
1,276.1
7,101.9
(4.3)
(22.3)
(38.5)
(187.2)
(130.6)
(382.9)
James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)
Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
Gamma-ray Large Space Telescope (GLAST)
Discovery (Kepler)
Universe Explorers (incl WISE)
(7.5)
77.9
26.5
19.7
(15.4)
70.6
118.5
18.7
24.2
(8.5)
164.0
159.0
1.3
53.1
26.7
153.9
(8.8)
9.5
0.3
45.1
163.6
25.3
3.5
(1.1)
9.4
544.6
371.9
59.5
96.2
57.3
International Space Science Collab. (Herschel, Planck)
Navigator (SIM, TPF, Keck)
Beyond Einstein (LISA, Con-X, Einstein Probes)
Stratospheric Observatory f or Inf rared Astronomy (SOFIA)
Universe Research
0.0
(54.0)
(41.3)
(0.3)
(9.9)
(2.5)
(118.5)
(62.7)
(57.1)
(5.0)
(15.3)
(223.9)
(143.1)
(59.4)
(0.1)
0.3
(155.2)
(166.6)
(60.2)
(5.4)
4.0
(172.5)
(95.3)
(60.4)
(7.5)
(13.5)
(724.1)
(509.0)
(237.4)
(27.9)
Changes
The Astrophysics: Content of FY07 Budget
FY 07 President's Budget
FY06
FY07
FY08
FY09
FY10
FY11
1,507.9 1,509.2 1,500.9 1,307.9 1,276.1 1,309.7
Navigator
SIM
Keck Interferometer / Single Aperture
TPF
Corporate / Other
145.5
117.0
9.6
3.4
15.5
128.1
98.5
10.2
170.6
139.0
9.6
276.9
236.2
8.4
261.6
222.5
7.0
347.0
302.2
7.0
19.4
22.0
32.3
32.1
37.8
James Webb Space Telescope
364.0
443.1
492.6
380.9
353.0
305.0
Hubble Space Telescope
Development
Operations and Data Analysis
Corporate
268.6
166.5
87.0
15.1
336.7
216.2
102.0
18.5
302.2
178.9
106.0
17.3
161.4
55.0
97.0
9.4
120.3
45.4
68.0
6.9
138.5
45.7
85.0
7.8
Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) 48.0
Gamma-ray Large Space Telescope (GLAST)
125.9
Discovery (Kepler / Corporate)
137.5
85.4
100.8
25.2
69.9
28.8
13.8
29.3
13.4
30.4
13.0
85.4
69.7
10.9
4.8
67.6
53.9
10.0
3.7
86.1
71.7
9.5
4.9
56.7
44.8
8.6
3.3
19.0
8.8
9.1
1.1
4.6
4.3
Universe Research
Research and Analysis
Chandra
Spitzer
Other Missions / Data
Balloons
Corporate / Other
305.8
65.1
58.4
74.3
68.1
22.8
17.1
306.6
54.4
63.0
76.6
71.2
24.5
16.9
309.2
54.0
65.1
75.7
70.8
25.8
17.8
297.4
56.0
64.7
71.7
59.2
28.5
17.3
288.9
53.9
65.1
66.4
58.4
28.8
16.3
259.6
55.9
65.0
35.9
59.2
29.0
14.6
ISSC (Herschel / Planck)
Beyond Einstein
13.0
14.1
19.6
21.2
23.6
21.4
38.9
53.0
38.5
152.2
36.3
175.4
Explorer (Universe)
WISE
Sw ift, Suzaku
Corporate
0.3
Entry Points?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey: Board of
Physics and Astronomy, and Space Studies Board; Panel
Reports
NASA Advisory Council* (NAC) and its Astrophysics
Subcommittee (ApS) (input to Roadmap)
Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee* (AAAC)
SMD Science Plan (Roadmap): Requires NAS/NRC
pedigree (e.g. Decadal Survey, Quarks to Cosmos Report)
* Federal Advisory Committee (FACA law => meetings are
open to the public, excluding extraordinary circumstances)
1. From the Board of Physics and
Astronomy Website
Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium
The report of the Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee (AASC), Astronomy and
Astrophysics in the New Millenium, contains recommendations in priority order for
new initiatives to realize the science goals of the field. It is the most recent in a
series of surveys that are carried out once every 10 years.
In preparing the New Millennium report, the AASC made use of a series of panel
reports that address various aspects of ground- and space-based astronomy and
astrophysics. These reports provide in-depth technical detail.
Panel
Panel
Panel
Panel
Panel
Panel
Panel
Panel
Panel
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
Optical and Infrared Astronomy from the Ground
Radio and Submillimeter-Wave Astronomy
Ultraviolet, Optical and Infrared Astronomy from Space
Particle, Nuclear, and Gravitational-Wave Astrophysics
High-Energy Astrophysics from Space
Solar Astronomy
Theory, Computation, and Data Exploration
Astronomy Education and Policy
Benefits to the Nation
2. NASA Advisory Council
NASA Advisory Council (25 members)
Exploration Aeronautics
Science Committee
(5 members)
Audit &
Finance
Human
Capital
Science Subcommittees Executive Panel
(chairs of SMD subcommittees)
Heliophysics
Subcommittee
Astrophysics
Subcommittee
Planetary
Protection
Subcommittee
Planetary Science
Subcommittee
Earth Science
Subcommittee
Advises on SMD Roadmap
Each Subcommittee has about 15 members
10
NASA ADVISORY COUNCIL
SUBCOMMITTEES OF THE SCIENCE COMMITTEE
Astrophysics Subcommittee (APS) Slate
Name
Institution
Expertise
David Spergel (Chair)
Princeton University
Early universe physics, astrophysical theory, planet finding
Michael Brown
Calif. Inst. of Technology
Extra-solar planets, planetary astronomy
Michael Cherry
Louisiana State University
Cosmic Ray physics, high energy theory
Robert N. Clatyon
Univ. of Chicago
Isotopes in extraterrestrial materials, nucleosynthesis in stars
Neil Cornish
Montana State University
Gravity theory, cosmology
Brenda Dingus
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Gamma-ray bursts, gamma-ray instrumentation
Alan Dressler
Observ. Carnegie Inst.Wash.
Origins of galaxies, galaxy evolution
Debra Fischer
San Francisco State Univ
Planet finding
Kathryn Flanagan
MIT
X-ray instrumentation, Supernovae remnants
Lucy Fortson
Adler Planetarium/Chicago
Education/Public Outreach, gamma rays
Thomas Greene
ARC
IR instrumentation, star formation
Heidi Hammel
Space Science Institute
Kuiper Belt objects, Comets
Craig J. Hogan
Univ of Washington
Cosmology theory, quantum cosmology
Rob Kennicutt
Cambridge University
Galaxy evolution, extra-galactic observations
Fred K.Y. Lo
Natl. Radio Astronomy Obs.
Radio astronomy
John Mather
GSFC
Cosmic microwave background, astronomical instrumentation
Chris McKee
Univ of California, Berkeley
Interstellar medium, star formation
Belinda Wilkes
Harvard-SAO
X-ray properties of active galactic nuclei
3. Astronomy and Astrophysics
Advisory Committee (AAAC)
• Congress in 2002 mandates establishment of Astronomy and
Astrophysics Advisory Committee (AAAC) to oversee
coordination of A&A programs between NASA, the NSF, and
DOE. This is an official advisory body to the Government,
operating under FACA law.
• Oversight by the Office of Science and Technology Policy,
whose role in the Executive Office of the President includes
coordination of interagency activities.
• The AAAC has commissioned a number of task groups:
• Task Force for Cosmic Microwave Background Research
• Dark Energy Task Force
• Dark Matter Scientific Assessment Group
• Chaired by Garth Illingworth, UC Santa Cruz
Congressional Charter for the AAAC
As established in SEC. 23 of P.L. 107-368 (the National Science Foundation
Authorization Act of 2002) and amended by SEC. 5 of P.L. 108-423 (the Department of
Energy High-End Computing Revitalization Act of 2004):
ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS ADVISORY COMMITTEE
(a) Establishment.—The Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the
Department of Energy shall jointly establish an Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee (in this
section referred to as the “Advisory Committee”).
(b) Duties.—The Advisory Committee shall—
(1) assess, and make recommendations regarding, the coordination of astronomy and astrophysics
programs of the Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Department of
Energy;
(2) assess, and make recommendations regarding, the status of the activities of the Foundation, the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Department of Energy as they relate to the
recommendations contained in the National Research Council's 2001 report entitled “Astronomy and
Astrophysics in the New Millennium”, and the recommendations contained in subsequent National
Research Council reports of a similar nature; and
(3) not later than March 15 of each year, transmit a report to the Director, the Administrator of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Secretary of Energy, the Committee on Science of the House
of Representatives, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and the
Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate on the Advisory Committee's
findings and recommendations under paragraphs (1) and (2).
(From a talk at the CMB and Physics of the Early Universe
Conference, April 22, 2006)
Task Force for CMB Research (TFCR)
• The AAAC in 2004 establishes a Task Force for CMB
Research: “The Task Force has been asked to provide an ordered
program of preliminary observations and technology development
ultimately leading to a possible space mission post WMAP and PLANCK.”
• TFCR report (2005) outlines scientific and technology
pathway to an ultimate space-based CMBPol mission.
(Available at http://www.nsf.gov/mps/ast/tfcr_final_report.pdf)
• Most importantly: The TFCR establishes a unified voice for
the U.S. CMB community which is heard by Congress,
NASA, and the White House (Office of Science and
Technology Policy, Office of Management and Budget)
•
•
•
4. Strategic Planning and Roadmap:
2001-2003
Each Theme within the Division had its own subcommittee (under the Space
Science Advisory Committee)
Triennial theme roadmaps produced by “roadmap committees” composed of
community and subcommittee members, with agency oversight.
Theme roadmaps used as input to the Space Science strategic plan, which in turn
informed the Agency Strategic Plan.
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Decadal
Survey
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
The 2005 Universe Roadmap, the UR-Document for
Astrophysics in the SMD Science Plan
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
NASA Authorization Act for 2005 (S.1281)
Title I Section 101
(d) SCIENCE.— (1) IN GENERAL.—The Administrator shall develop a plan
to guide the science programs of NASA through 2016.
(2) CONTENT.—At a minimum, the plan developed under paragraph (1) shall
be designed to ensure that NASA has a rich and vigorous set of science activities,
and shall describe— (A) the missions NASA will initiate, design, develop,
launch, or operate in space science and earth science through fiscal year 2016,
including launch dates; (B) a priority ranking of all of the missions listed under
subparagraph (A), and the rationale for the ranking; and (C) the budget
assumptions on which the policy is based, which for fiscal years 2007 and 2008
shall be consistent with the authorizations provided in title II of this Act.
Proposed Outline of SMD Science Plan
Preamble: The NASA Science Story
1
Purpose & Progress: Tie to NASA Strategic Plan; table of goals and long-term
outcomes; highlights of recent accomplishments
6
Summary of Science Questions and Prioritized Missions: (mostly tables)
2
Common Elements of Strategy: SMD principles; science prioritization and
community engagement (NRC, NAC, etc.); role of R&A; research solicitation &
selection (peer review basis, etc); program and mission development (mission
classes, strategic & PI-mode, launch & comm services); technology
management approach; EPO strategy; interagency & international partnerships
Research Areas: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Planetary Science,
Astrophysics
12
4x20
Science Enabling & Enabled by Human Exploration: how science enables
and is enabled by human exploration; SMD’s relationship to ESMD; science at
the Moon; science in preparation for human expeditions to Mars
4
Summary: On the Brink of Understanding
1
Appendices
8
Outline of Astrophysics Division contribution
to NASA Science Plan for 2007-2016
•Science Goals
•Exploring the Extremes of Spacetime
•Origin and Evolution of Cosmic Structure
•Origin and Destiny of Stars
•Exploring New Worlds
•Strategic Mission Summary
•Mission Roadmap with Milestones
•Technology Enables Discovery
•Sustaining the Vision: Research and Analysis
JAN
06
FEB
MAR
APR
Mars to
NRC
MAY
JUN
Earth (Internal
Draft)


Astro Solar
Roadmaps
JUL

Helio
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
SMD
Science
Plan
Schedule
3/27
DEC
Mars
post
NRC
System
SMD Management Review
Draft of Common Elements Sections
4/1
5/31
9/15
Key

Roadmap
SMD Review
Draft
Presentation
Table Top Review
Meetings
Delivery
Italics = change from prior
version of the schedule
Roadmap Presentations to Subcommittees
Status / Content Presentation to NAC / SC
5/31
Draft of Science Division Sections
1st Table top review with PA&E
9/15
6/7
6/15
Draft for SC, Subcommittees, NRC, Industry,
public review
1st Table top review with OMB
6/16
9/15
Comments from NRC,Subcommittees, etc.
9/29
Revised Draft for NAC/SC Review
Final Discussion with NAC / SC
2nd Table top review with PA&E
10/18
2nd Table top review with OMB
SSB report on
impacts of FY07
request
NAC Science
Committee
Science
Subcommittees
2/8-9 HQ
Draft for Agency & OMB clearance
11/1
Deliver to Congress
5/17-18 JPL
Chairs
telecon TBD
10/24
5/3-4
Conference
7/19-20 TBD
TBS
2/7-8 HQ?
10/11-12 GSFC
TBS
12/15
TBS
Summary
• Opportunities exist for doing some types of laboratory
fundamental physics experiments in space, but not at the
strategic mission level.
• Flat funding levels for SMD science means that addition of new
program elements will displace others.
• Scientific priorities are established by the community through
NAS/NRC surveys and federal advisory committees.
Interagency adoption of common, coordinated goals adds
stability and visibility to programs.
• Small, incoherent communities have small influence; a united
fundamental physics community is essential. Consider possible
avenues to developing a strong science case (national strategic
case?), prioritizing, and building a representative body.
• Jean Clavel’s talk on ESA’s Fundamental Physics program;
proposal pressure works.