Microbiology By: Rachel Hillard RN What is Microbiology  An advanced biology course  Biology is the study of living organisms  Microbiology is.

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Transcript Microbiology By: Rachel Hillard RN What is Microbiology  An advanced biology course  Biology is the study of living organisms  Microbiology is.

Microbiology
By: Rachel Hillard RN
What is Microbiology
 An advanced biology course
 Biology is the study of living organisms
 Microbiology is the study of very small living
organisms called microorganisms or microbes
 Microbes are ubiquitous
Types of Microorganisms
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Viruses
Bacteria
Archaeans
Certain Algae
Protozoa
Certain fungi
Classifications of microbes
 Pathogens- disease causing microbes (germs)
 Only about 3% of microbes
 Non-pathogens- do not cause disease and some are
beneficial to us.
Why study Microbiology
 We have approximately 10 times as many
microorganisms as cells living on and in our bodies
 10 trillion cells x 10= 100 trillion microbes
 500 to 1000 different species of microorganisms live
on and in us
What Microorganisms do
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Indigenous microflora
Opportunistic pathogens
Photosynthesis
Decomposers or saprophytes
Bioremediation (genetic engineering)
Microbial ecology
Plankton
Phytoplankton
Zooplankton
Digestion
Biotechnology
 Antibiotics
 Genetic engineering
 Cell Models
Diseases
 Microorganisms cause two categories of diseases:
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Infectious disease
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When a pathogen colonizes the body and subsequently
causes disease
Causes most illnesses and deaths.
The leading cause of death in the world and 3rd in the US
50,000 deaths per day
2. Microbial intoxication
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Toxin is ingested that has been produced by a
microorganism.
Careers in Microbiology
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Microbiologist
Bacteriologist
Phycologists
Protozoologists
Mycologists
Birologists
Careers in Microbiology
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Agricultural
Biotechnology
Environmental / bioremediation
Medical/ Clinical
Microbial Genetics / Genetic Engineering
Microbial Physiology
Paleomicrobiology
Parasitology
Sanitary Microbiology
Veterinary
First Microorganisms on Earth
 Fossils of primitive microorganisms (as many as 11
different types) were found in ancient rock
formations in northwestern Australia dating back to
about 3.5 billion years ago.
 The earliest molecular fossils date back to between
3.7 and 4 billion years ago.
 First microorganisms on earth where possibly
archaeans and cyanobacteria
Earliest Known Infectious Diseases
 Infectious diseases of humans and animals have
possibly existed for as long as humans and animals
 Human pathogens have existed for thousands of
years as observed in the bones and internal organs of
mummies and early human fossils
 Bacterial diseases such as
 Tuberculosis
 Syphilis
 Parasitic worm infections
Earliest known Pestilence
 Egypt about 3180 BC.
 First recorded epidemic
 1000 BC Near the end of the Trojan War
 the Greek army was decimated by an epidemic thought to
have been the bubonic plague.
 1500 BC The Ebers papyrus describing epidemic fevers
discovered in a tomb in Thebes Egypt
 1122BC in China
 Disease thought to be smallpox
 Plagues in
 Rome 790, 710, 640 BC
 Greece 430 BC
Other Dieseases
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Rabies
Anthrax
Dysentery
Smallpox
Ergotism
Botulism
Measles
Typhoid fever
Typhus fever
Diphtheria
Syphilis
History of Microbiology
 From the discovery of the first microorganisms it took
about 200 years before a connection was established
between microorganisms and infectious diseases.
 Significant events in early history
 Development of microscopes
 Bacterial staining procedures
 Microorganisms cultured in the lab
Pioneers in Microbiology
 Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
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Father of microbiology/ bacteriology/ protozoology
First person to see live bacteria and protozoa
Not a trained scientist
As a hobby he ground tiny glass lenses and mounted in
small metal frames creating single-lens microscopes or
simple microscopes
 He examined almost anything he could get his hands on
Teeth scrapings water from ditches/ponds
water soaked from peppercorns
sperm
diarrheal stools
blood
Leeuwenhoek
 The tiny living creatures he observed he called
“animalcules”
 He recorded his observations in the form of letters
sent to the Royal Society of London.
 For all of his discoveries Leeuwenhoek never
associated microbes with the cause of disease.
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Theories
 Abiogenesis- spontaneous generation
 Biogenesis
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)