MILITARIZED AND GLOBALIZED LANDSCAPES IN PANAMA SINCE THE U.S. WITHDRAWAL DR. ZOLTÁN GROSSMAN Professor of Geography & Native Studies, The Evergreen State College, Olympia, Washington Presentation to Annual Meeting.
Download ReportTranscript MILITARIZED AND GLOBALIZED LANDSCAPES IN PANAMA SINCE THE U.S. WITHDRAWAL DR. ZOLTÁN GROSSMAN Professor of Geography & Native Studies, The Evergreen State College, Olympia, Washington Presentation to Annual Meeting.
MILITARIZED AND GLOBALIZED LANDSCAPES IN PANAMA SINCE THE U.S. WITHDRAWAL DR. ZOLTÁN GROSSMAN Professor of Geography & Native Studies, The Evergreen State College, Olympia, Washington Presentation to Annual Meeting of Association of American Geographers (AAG), Seattle, April 2011 Spanish Colonial Era Fort San Lorenzo at Caribbean mouth of Chagres River Spanish anchor on Isla Taboga Portobelo, largest port for shipment of South American gold and silver Spanish Road Remnant of Sendero Camino de Cruces near Paraíso Spanish Era ends, 1821, Panama becomes part of Nueva Granada (Colombia) California Gold Rush Route Transisthmus Railroad, 1855 Tejada de Sandía (Watermelon War), 1856 French Canal Culebra (Gaillard) Cut through Continental Divide 22,000 + deaths French Cemetery in Paraíso Independence and Canal Zone, 1903 Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty Ethnic diversity and racial construction Separation of Gold Roll & Silver Roll workers Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxx 60% of Canal Zone reverts to Panama in 1979, rest gradually through 1980s-90s (Elton). Panama Canal administration transferred to Panama Dec. 31, 1999 Panama Canal Zone, 1903-79 American Canal Opened in 1914; memoralized in American Museum of Natural History Murals Goethals Monument, Balboa Monument depicts series of three locks Pacific end of Canal Canal Locks U.S. military bases along Panama Canal Fort Sherman Fort Gulick Fort Davis Fort Clayton Quarry Heights Albrook AFS Howard AFB Fort Amador Fort Kobbe Nationalist student movement Instituto Nacional high school along July 4th Avenue boundary (Martyrs Avenue today) 1964 Flag Riots Nationalist cultural revival Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx 1977 Panama Canal Treaty Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx 1989 U.S. Invasion and Occupation Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx El Chorrillo Firestorm Displacement Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx 1999 Canal Handover Río Hato Air Base Farallón Resort next to Río Hato Xxxxx Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxx Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxx Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Reverted Areas Adjacent neighborhoods Curundú Calidonia http://www.panama-guide.com/images/articles/three-bid-on-curundu-project_1.jpg http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3178/2558382913_d3f4eacde9.jpg 1999 Poll on Reverted Areas http://www.epasa.com/cid-gallup/temas91.html Xxxxx Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Fort Amador Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Fort Amador Amador Causeway to Naos Island Amador Yacht Club Fort Amador FortXxxxx Amador Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Fort Amador Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Fort Howard Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Fort Howard Balboa Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Balboa Xxxxx Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Balboa Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Balboa Xxxxx Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Balboa Xxxxx Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Balboa Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Balboa Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Albrook Air Force Station Albrook Air Force Station Fort Clayton Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Fort FortClayton Clayton Holiday Inn Fort Clayton Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Old Fort HQ Fort Clayton Fort Clayton Gamboa Sovereignty National Park Gamboa Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Smithsonian Research Center Gamboa Rainforest Resort Gamboa Canopy Tower Fort Gulick Main Street Bowling Alley Theater Fort Gulick Fort Gulick Fort Gulick School of the Americas, 1946-1984 Meliá Panama Canal Hotel, 2000-? Fort Gulick Gatún Locks and Dam Fort Sherman Fort Sherman Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Political Instability Xxxxx Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Canal Expansion Xxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxx U.S. Military Access to Naval Bases Sources Elton, Charlotte. (2000). Sustainable Development and the Integration of the Canal Area to the Rest of the Nation. In Post-invasion Panama: the challenges of democratization in the New World Order, by Orlando J. Pérez. Lexington Books. Gandásegui, Marco A., hijo. (2010). Founder, Centro de Estudios Latinoamericanos (CELA), Panama City. Personal interview (25 June). Greene, Julie. (2010). The Canal Builders: Making America's Empire at the Panama Canal. The Penguin Press. Jackson, Eric. (2010). Editor, ThePanamaNews.com. Personal interview, (18 June). Jordan, Osvaldo. (2010). Alianza para la Conservación y el Desarrollo (ACD). Panama City. Personal interview (25 June). McGuinness, Ames. (2007). Path of Empire: Panama and the California Gold Rush. Cornell University Press. Poland, John Lindsay. (2003). Emperors in the Jungle: The Hidden History of the U.S. in Panama. Duke University Press. Thanks to Lamoin Werlein-Jaen and Debi McNutt. DR. ZOLTÁN GROSSMAN The Evergreen State College Faculty in Geography / Native American and World Indigenous Peoples Studies, Lab 1, 2700 Evergreen Parkway NW, Olympia, WA 98505 USA Tel.: E-mail: Web: (360) 867-6153 [email protected] http://academic.evergreen.edu/g/grossmaz