Transcript Chapter 5 Nomenclature Naming Compounds 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Naming Compounds Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a Nonmetal (Types I and II) Naming Binary Compounds That.

Chapter 5
Nomenclature
Naming Compounds
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
Naming Compounds
Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and
a Nonmetal (Types I and II)
Naming Binary Compounds That Contain Only
Nonmetals (Type III)
Naming Binary Compounds: A Review
Naming Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Ions
Naming Acids
Writing Formulas from Names
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2
Naming Compounds
Binary Compounds are composed of two types of
elements such as H2O or KBr, not necessarily just
two atoms. Diatomic molecules consist of two
atoms of the same type such as H2 and O2.
1. Binary Ionic Compounds
Metal—nonmetal such as NaCl and CaCl2.
2. Binary Covalent Compounds
Nonmetal—nonmetal such as H2O and CO2
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Naming Compounds
•
Binary ionic compounds
contain positive cations
and negative anions.
 Type I compounds
•

Metal present forms
only one cation.
Type II compounds
•
Metal present can
form 2 or more
cations with
different charges.
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Naming Compounds
Type I Compounds
Metals (Groups I, II, and III) and Non-Metals
Metal _________
Sodium
+ Non-Metal _________ide
Chlorine
Sodium Chloride NaCl
Metal _________
Calcium + Non-Metal _________ide
Bromide
Calcium Bromide CaBr2
Aluminun + Non-Metal _________ide
Oxide
Metal _________
Aluminum Oxide Al2O3
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Naming Compounds
Common Simple Cations and Anions
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Naming Compounds
Rules for Naming Type I Ionic Compounds
1. The cation is always named first and the anion
second.
2. A simple cation takes its name from the name
of the element.
3. A simple anion is named by taking the first part
of the element name (the root) and adding –ide.
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Naming Compounds
Binary Ionic Compounds (Type I)
•
Examples:
KCl
Potassium chloride
MgBr2
Magnesium bromide
CaO
Calcium oxide
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Naming Compounds
Exercise
What is the name of the compound SrBr2?
a)
b)
c)
d)
strontium bromine
sulfur bromide
strontium dibromide
strontium bromide
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Naming Compounds
Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II) with Transition Metals
•
•
•
•
Metals in these
compounds can form
more than one type of
positive charge.
Charge on the metal ion
must be specified.
Roman numeral
indicates the charge of
the metal cation.
Transition metal cations
usually require a Roman
numeral.
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Naming Compounds
Type II Compounds
Metals (Transition Metals) and Non-Metals
Metal ______
Iron +Roman Numeral (__)
III + Non-Metal ________ide
Bromine
Iron (III) Bromide FeBr3
Compare with Iron (II) Bromide FeBr2
Metals (Transition Metals) and Non-Metals
Older System
Metal (Latin) _______
Ferrous + ous or ic + Non-Metal ________ide
Bromine
Ferrous Bromide FeBr2
Compare with Ferric Bromide FeBr3
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Naming Compounds
Common Type II Cations
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Naming Compounds
Rules for Naming Type II Ionic Compounds
1. The cation is always named first and the anion
second.
2. Because the cation can assume more than one
charge, the charge is specified by a Roman
numeral in parentheses.
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Naming Compounds
Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)
•
Examples:
CuBr
Copper(I) bromide
FeS
Iron(II) sulfide
PbO2
Lead(IV) oxide
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Naming Compounds
Exercise
What is the name of the compound CrO2?
a)
b)
c)
d)
chromium oxide
chromium(II) oxide
chromium(IV) oxide
chromium dioxide
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Naming Compounds
Exercise
What is the correct name of the compound that
results from the most stable ion for sulfur and
the metal ion that contains 24 electrons?
a)
b)
c)
d)
iron(III) sulfide
chromium(II) sulfide
nickel(III) sulfate
iron(II) sulfide
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Naming Compounds
Rules for Naming Type III Binary Compounds
• Formed between two nonmetals.
1. The first element in the formula is named
first, and the full element name is used.
2. The second element is named as though
it were an anion.
3. Prefixes are used to denote the numbers
of atoms present.
4. The prefix mono- is never used for
naming the first element.
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Naming Compounds
Type III Compounds
Non-Metals and Non-Metals
Use Prefixes such as mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, etc.
CO2 Carbon dioxide
CO Carbon monoxide
PCl3 Phosphorus trichloride CCl4 Carbon tetrachloride
N2O5 Dinitrogen pentoxide
CS2 Carbon disulfide
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Naming Compounds
Prefixes Used to Indicate
Numbers in Chemical Names
Additional Prefixes
9
nona-
10
deca-
11
undeca-
12
dodeca-
13
trideca-
14
tetradeca-
15
pentadeca-
16
hexadeca-
17
heptadeca-
18
octadeca-
19
nonadeca-
20
icosa
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Naming Compounds
Binary Covalent Compounds (Type III)
•
Examples:
CO2
Carbon dioxide
SF6
Sulfur hexafluoride
N2O4
Dinitrogen tetroxide
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Naming Compounds
Exercise
What is the name of the compound SeO2?
a)
b)
c)
d)
selenium oxide
selenium dioxide
selenium(II) oxide
selenium(IV) dioxide
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Naming Compounds
Flow Chart for Naming Binary Compounds
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Let’s Practice!
Naming Compounds
Name the following.
CaF2
K2S
CoI2
SnF2
SnF4
OF2
CuI2
CuI
SO2
SrS
LiBr
Calcium Flouride
Potassium Sulfide
Cobalt (II) Iodide or Cobaltous Iodide
Tin (II) Fluoride or Stannous Fluoride
Tin (IV) Fluoride or Stannic Fluoride
Oxygen diflouride
Copper (II) Iodide or Cupric Iodide
Copper (I) Iodide or Cuprous Iodide
Sulfur dioxide
Strontium Sulfide
Lithium Bromide
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Naming Compounds
•
•
Polyatomic ions are charged entities composed
of several atoms bound together.
They have special names and must be
memorized.
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Naming Compounds
Names of Common Polyatomic Ions (page 101)
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25
Naming Compounds
•
Naming ionic compounds containing
polyatomic ions follows rules similar to those
for binary compounds.
 Ammonium acetate
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Naming Compounds
Examples
NaOH
Sodium hydroxide
Mg(NO3)2
Magnesium nitrate
(NH4)2SO4
Ammonium sulfate
FePO4
Iron(III) phosphate
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Naming Compounds
Overall Strategy for Naming Chemical Compounds
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Naming Compounds
Exercise
What is the name of the compound KClO3?
a)
b)
c)
d)
potassium chlorite
potassium chlorate
potassium perchlorate
potassium carbonate
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Naming Compounds
Exercise
Examine the following table of formulas and names.
Which of the compounds are named correctly?
a)
b)
c)
d)
I, II
I, III, IV
I, IV
I only
Formula
Name
I
P2 O 5
Diphosphorus pentoxide
II
ClO2
Chlorine oxide
III
PbI4
Lead iodide
IV
CuSO4
Copper(I) sulfate
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Naming Compounds
Acids
•
•
Acids can be recognized by the hydrogen
that appears first in the formula—HCl.
Molecule with one or more H+ ions attached
to an anion.
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Naming Compounds
Rules for Naming Acids
•
•
If the anion does not contain oxygen, the
acid is named with the prefix hydro– and the
suffix –ic attached to the root name for the
element.
Examples:
HCl
Hydrochloric acid
HCN
Hydrocyanic acid
H2S
Hydrosulfuric acid
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Naming Compounds
Acids That Do Not Contain Oxygen
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Naming Compounds
Rules for Naming Acids
•
If the anion contains oxygen:
 The suffix –ic is added to the root name if
the anion name ends in –ate.
• Examples:
HNO3
Nitric acid
H2SO4
Sulfuric acid
HC2H3O2 Acetic acid
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Naming Compounds
Rules for Naming Acids
•
If the anion contains oxygen:
 The suffix –ous is added to the root name
if the anion name ends in –ite.
• Examples:
HNO2
Nitrous acid
H2SO3
Sulfurous acid
HClO2
Chlorous acid
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Naming Compounds
Some Oxygen-Containing Acids
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Naming Compounds
Flowchart for Naming Acids
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Naming Compounds
Exercise
Which of the following compounds is named
incorrectly?
a) KNO3
b) TiO2
c) Sn(OH)4
d) PBr5
e) H2SO3
potassium nitrate
titanium(II) oxide
tin(IV) hydroxide
phosphorus pentabromide
sulfurous acid
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Naming Compounds
Examples
•
•
•
•
•
Sodium hydroxide
 NaOH
Potassium carbonate
 K2CO3
Sulfuric acid
 H2SO4
Dinitrogen pentoxide
 N2O5
Cobalt(III) nitrate
 Co(NO3)3
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Naming Compounds
Exercise
A compound has the formula XCl3 where X
could represent a metal or nonmetal. What
could the name of this compound be?
a)
b)
c)
d)
phosphorus trichloride
carbon monochloride
tin(IV) chloride
magnesium chloride
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Naming Compounds
Lets Practice Some More!
HF
Hydroflouric acid
Na2CO3 Sodium carbonate
H2CO3
KMnO4
HClO4
H2S
NaOH
CuSO4
PbCrO4
Carbonic acid
Potassium permanganate
Perchloric acid
Hyrdosulfuric acid
Sodium hydroxide
Copper (II) sulfate or Cupric sulfate
Lead (II) chromate or Plubous chromate
H2O
Hydrooxic acid (no……just water)
NH3
Nitrogen trihydride (no..just ammonia)
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