Voids size distribution in the 2dFGRS Volker Müller, Benda-Beckmann Sander von AIP • Voids finder and void sizes • Analysis of 2dF: self-similar distribution • Faint galaxies in.

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Transcript Voids size distribution in the 2dFGRS Volker Müller, Benda-Beckmann Sander von AIP • Voids finder and void sizes • Analysis of 2dF: self-similar distribution • Faint galaxies in.

Voids size distribution in
the 2dFGRS
Volker Müller,
Benda-Beckmann
Sander von
AIP
• Voids finder and void sizes
• Analysis of 2dF: self-similar distribution
• Faint galaxies in 2dF voids
• Comparison with SAM of Millenium simulation
06.11.2015
Amsterdam Workshop
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Void definition
• smoothed density field or galaxies
• underdensity or empty volumes: spheres, ellipsoids, convex on grid
• void size distribution provides void probability F(>r) -> P0(r)
• void sizes depend on sample -> void hierarchy
2dF voids
• count-in-cell study: Croton et al. -> P0(r) as function of N2
• void finder of Hoyle, Vogeley -> wall and void galaxies - large voids
• Patiri et al. -> abundance of large voids
• here: void finder of Kauffmann & Fairall on grid -> fast & ‚complete‘
Void galaxies
• much interest, but difficult (low number, wide fields)
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Amsterdam Workshop
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Void search
M., Arbabi, Einasto, Tucker, 00 & 02
LCRS & CDM-mock samples
M. & Maulbetsch 04
SDSS
100 Mpc/h
yellow: void search including
extensions, red: base voids
M << M*
Void filling factor (VFF) or void
size distribution, as function of
diameter:
f(<D) is fraction of survey volume
not contained in voids
M*
D / Mpc/h
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Amsterdam Workshop
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Void statistics
percentile sizes D25 , Dmed , D75:
Dp  D0    
form samples with mean separation
, e.g. diffent random dilution or
different magnitude cuts:
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SDSS equatorial slices
x  D/ 
x
f
expx 2 /a2 , a  3
ax 1


Poisson
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SDSS
void hierarchy: broad
differential size distribution
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2dF volume limited samples
sample
area
z
Blim
V / 106
Mpc3/h3

Mpc/h
1
.05-.1
-18.5
.8
1.3
4.4 5.4
7 18
2
.1-.14
-19
1.1 2.4
5.8 6.3
55 51
3
.14-.2
-20
4.7 7
9.4 10
196 246
Nvoid D>20
Mpc/h
galaxies
2x3 volume limited samples:
k+e-correction
6000 to 10000 galaxies each
uniform completeness threshold: c
> 0.6 75% of galaxies
5% of
sky surface undersampled
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5.5 rsp. 7.5 deg thickness
Amsterdam Workshop
(15 - 70 Mpc/h)
6
2dF versus Millenium SAM
Blim = -20
06.11.2015
Springel et al., Croton et al.
Amsterdam Workshop
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Abundance of 2dF voids by number
yellow: void
search
including
extensions,
red: base
voids
voids up to
radius of 26
Mpc/h
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Amsterdam Workshop
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2dF size distribution
f  expD/   (D/3)3 

void size distribution
without extensions
strong dependence
on samples
compare Hoyle &
Vogele 04
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Amsterdam Workshop
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Scaling of 2dF size distribution
 = 18 Mpc/h
 = 4 Mpc/h
Void size quartiles lie on tight linear relations:
Dp  D0    
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 = 0.4, 0.8, 1.3 for 25-, med, & 75 percentile
Amsterdam Workshop
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N/SGP vs. model
Voids in SAMs of Millenium simulation (Croton et al.) with survey masks:
excellent fit of cumulative void size distribution and scaling relation
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Amsterdam Workshop
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N/SGP2 versus 500 Mpc/h box
Sampples with B < -18, 19, -20, -21
60% dilutions
redshift
survey mask
real
Selection effects: sample size, real vs. redshift space, inhomogeous
sampling:
voids in redshift space are 10% larger than in real space
voids in masked fields are 15% smaller than in complete box
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Amsterdam Workshop
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Mock size distribution (Millenium simulation)
void sizes depend on galaxy brightness, voids with max. size 40 Mpc/h
good statistics: For B>-20: 400 (20000) voids larger than 20 (10) Mpc/h
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Amsterdam Workshop
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Void scaling
Voids among fainter galaxies
have larger relative size
P0 (R) 

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F( D)  expD/   (D/b)3 
b3 4
2
3
f (D)(R  D/2)
 /D dD

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Void size distribution for different objects
D  D0   
Self-similarity of voids among
different objects: galaxies, groups
and clusters
2dF/SDSS
LCRS
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groups
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Void size evolution
Size evolution
of voids in
small (left) and
large halos
(right)
Evolution of radial void
profiles
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Amsterdam Workshop
Arbabi, M. 03
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Void statistics depends on galaxy sample
• bright galaxies define large voids
• large voids among faint galaxies have large D / 
• faint galaxies define same structures as bright ones
• void size distribution mainly parametized by galaxy separation 
• parameter b describes cut off: f(r) flat from  to b, b = 3 - 4
• selection effects due to finite volume
• voids about 20% larger among red than blue galaxies
Void galaxies
• special conditions for galaxy formation?
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Amsterdam Workshop
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Void galaxies (voids D > 8 Mpc/h by B < -20 galaxies)
Color distribution fit by sum of two Gaussian (cp.
Baldry et al. 04)
similar results for void galaxies in SDSS by
Royas et al. (04) and Patiri et al. (06)
here: shift of the blue maximum
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Amsterdam Workshop
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Void galaxies
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2df
millenium
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Void galaxies
Weak influence of void environment on
spectral parameter 
Similar results for 2dF by Croton et al.
(05) for underdense regions on 8
Mpc/h
abundance of passive galaxies
reduced especially among brighter
magnitude bin
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Amsterdam Workshop
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Void galaxies
central void galaxies
environment
Continuous transition from field to void galaxies:
higher star formation rates
galaxy fraction with low bulge fraction reduced
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Amsterdam Workshop
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void filling factor
• self-similar distribution
• median void size covering 50% of volume quite small: 5 Mpc/h + 
• maximum voids depend on survey volume: exponential cut-off at 3-5 
• void size distribution provides void probability: F(>r) <-> P0(r)
2dF vs. simulation
• size distribution in excellent agreement with mock samples
Void galaxies
• similar bimodality of blue and red galaxies as in the field
• fraction of red galaxies reduced, blue increased
• effect stronger for voids among bright galaxies
• weak effect: blue shift of the colors of blue galaxies
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