Chapter 22 Urbanization and Sustainable Cities 22.1 Urbanization • Cities have specialized functions as well as large populations – Trade Centers (New York) – Resource.
Download ReportTranscript Chapter 22 Urbanization and Sustainable Cities 22.1 Urbanization • Cities have specialized functions as well as large populations – Trade Centers (New York) – Resource.
Chapter 22 Urbanization and Sustainable Cities
22.1 Urbanization
• • Cities have specialized functions as well as large populations – Trade Centers (New York) – Resource Extraction (Pittsburgh, Houston) – Manufacturing (Detroit) – All Require Vast Array of Service Industries Large cities are expanding rapidly
Largest Metropolitan Areas
Tokyo Seoul Mexico City New York Mumbai Jakarta São Paulo Delhi Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Shanghai Manila Hong Kong-Shenzhen Los Angeles Japan South Korea Mexico United States India Indonesia Brazil India Japan China Philippines China United States 32,450,000 20,550,000 20,450,000 19,750,000 19,200,000 18,900,000 18,850,000 18,600,000 17,375,000 16,650,000 16,300,000 15,800,000 15,250,000
22.2 Why Do Cities Grow?
• • Immigration is driven by push and pull factors – Push • Lack of Land • Violence • Social Pressures – Pull • Jobs • Lifestyle Government policies can drive urban growth
Cities are Tough
• • • • Small towns frequently die because of economic problems, resource exhaustion, disasters or war, but large cities are rarely abandoned Vijayanagara, India (Destroyed 1565) is one of the most recent large cities (500,000) to be completely abandoned Pripyat, Ukraine (50,000) was abandoned after Chernobyl (1986) No large cities were abandoned because of World War II
Cities Re-Invent Themselves
• • • • • Pittsburgh: Steel Technology Milwaukee: Brewing Service Dubai: Oil Finance Detroit?
New Orleans?
22.3 Urban Challenges In The Developing World • • • • Traffic congestion and air quality are growing problems Insufficient sewage treatment causes water pollution Insufficient Public Utilities Many cities lack adequate housing
22.4 Urban Challenges In The Developed World • • • • Urban sprawl consumes land and resources Expanding suburbs force long commutes Why not find out why people leave cities and fix those problems?
– Crowding – Behavior Mass-transit could make our cities more livable
22.5 Smart Growth
• • • • • Garden cities and new towns were early examples of smart growth New urbanism advanced the ideas of smart growth Victor Gruen and the Shopping Mall Green urbanism promotes sustainable cities Open space design preserves landscapes – Who pays for Open Space?