The MINOS Detector for n Physics Ruben Saakyan UCL Cumberland Lodge 15-July-2003 MINOS people at UCL HEP Brian Derek Leo Gordon Chris and Ryan Jenny Phil Ruben.
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The MINOS Detector for n Physics Ruben Saakyan UCL Cumberland Lodge 15-July-2003 MINOS people at UCL HEP Brian Derek Leo Gordon Chris and Ryan Jenny Phil Ruben Outline MINOS basics Detector technology Detector technology Detector technology ……. Construction status and schedule First data from CERN and Soudan Physics reach Why? Atmospheric n’s experiments strongly favour to nm nt oscillations So, Why ? Confirm SuperK with controlled n beam (K2K is first here) Demonstrate oscillatory behaviour Make first ever precise (10%) measurement of oscillation parameters Dm232, sin2 2q23 Improving existing result (CHOOZ) on subdominant nm ne (Ue3) Who ? Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Study 32 institutions 175 physicists Where and How ? NearDet ~1kT 735km FarDet ~5.4kT Two functionally identical magnetized steel/scintillator sandwich calorimeters • NuMI beamline completed Dec 2004 • Jan-Mar 2005 – Beam commissioning • Apr 2005 – Start of physics running Detector requirements • Target for n’s (s ~ 10-38 cm2 at ~1 GeV !!!) • Large mass – a few kT • Low price • Relatively simple and robust ( > 5 yr operation undeground) • Muon energy and charge • Range, curvature (B-field) • Hadronic shower energy • EM shower energy Detector Technology A single plane (FarDet example) • 192 strips per plane • Strips assembled into “modules” • 8 modules mounted on 1” thick 8m octagonal steel plane Detector Technology Scintillator • Scintillator strips are extruded polystyrene (4$/kg !) • PPO(1%) and POPOP (0.03%) fluors • Co-extruded TiO2 reflective coating • Fiber groove • Kuraray 1.2 mm WLS fiber • Y-11 175 ppm • Multi-anode Hamamatsu PMTs • M16 (Far) and M64(Near) M16 Detector Technology 8X optical multiplexing (only Far) M64 Optical connectors (95% transm) Green fiber PMT Clear fiber Base Module Assembly Allow fiber epoxy to cure Glue WLS fibers Install top half of light case Module factories at Univ. of Minnesota, Caltech, ANL Scintillator Light Output Summed > 8 p.e. MINOS specs > 5 p.e. Tests EVERY strip Both ends 8cm steps Maps light output, reproducible to 1% 40 minutes/module Essentially no change after delivery 11% Variation (s) Production complete <0.2% below 0.5 MINOS Far Detector •8 m octagonal 1” steel plates • 2 Supermodules 15 m each • 5.4 kT total mass • 484/485 scintillator/steel planes • 2-ended readout • 8X optical multiplexing • ~1000 Km of scintillator ~2000km of WLS + clear fiber ~26000m2 of active detector planes • <B> ~ 1.5 Tl • DE/Ehadronic 55%/E DE/Eem 22%/E • DP/Pm 12% (by curvature) 6% (by range) DAQ System (UK responsibility) • No hardware trigger • Continuous digitization/data transfer • Software triggering in PC farm • Very flexible trigger PMTs 2 1 0 2 1 0 HV VFB 2 1 0 HV VFB VFB VARC 2 VARC 1 VARC 0 VARC 1 VARC 2 VME Readout Crates ROP serial PVIC Ether. 2.5 MB/s RC Timing System PVIC Ether. 2 1 0 DAQ LAN DCP 10-100 Kbytes/s Branch Readout Processors 40 Mbytes/s PVIC Bus DAQ LAN DAQ LAN To Persistent Store To Dispatcher DAQ LAN Optical PVIC Bus B B B B R R R R P P P P Timestamp Clock 1 sec GPS ticks GPS serial 0 3 Timing PC ROP TRC 3 Timing Central unit VARC 0 VME DAQ LAN 15 antenna HV VFB VME TRC 2 1 0 HV Front End Electronics TP TP TP N 1 0 Trigger Processors Construction at Soudan Firstmagnetized SM1 plane installed SM1 last summer on 27 July 2001 SM2 plane installed SM2 Last coil powered 9 July at 13:40 on 5 June 2003 Detector commissioning at Soudan Cosmic Muons in FarDet MINOS is a modular detector You commission it as you install it FarDet 100% commissioned Stopping muon Prange = 3.86 GeV/c Pcurvature = 4.03 GeV/c Atmospheric n’s at FarDet Veto Shield Veto shield to veto vertical muons and reduce background Veto shield Atmospheric n’s at FarDet First Data Measurements with B-field Number of events in 5 years Contained vertex with m Upgoing m n 620 280 nbar 400 120 • UCL led the design Near Detector Veto; n target; shower • ~1 kT • High rates ~ 3 MHz Use events with R<30cm • 3.8 x 4.8 “squeezed” octagon EnNear EnFar • 1-end readout • no-multiplexing • 220 M64s QIE-based front-end • Digitization with MI RF = 53 MHz n interactions in ND ~10 – 100 n events/spill ~108 – 109 events/yr Unique opportunity for n-scattering physics 282 steel planes 153 scintillator planes m spectrometer Construction @ Fermilab Near Detector • All NearDet planes assembled and ready to install • Beneficial occupancy of NearDet Hall – Dec 03 • Installation starts January 04 • Installation complete – Oct 04 UK provides ND optical readout system (UCL, Oxford, RAL) • M64 tests and bases • Design of optical cabling • PMT boxes, design and production MINOS Calibration Energy Calibration goal: • 5% absolute • 2% relative between ND and FD Cosmic muons • strip-to-strip calibration Muon Energy Unit (MEU) • relative calibration between ND and FD (stopping muons) Light Injection • PMT gain drift • PMT/electronic non-linearity Calibration Detector • Converts MEU to GeV • Topology and pattern recognition LI Light Injection and Cosmic m’s MEU from cosmic and beam m’s Gain correctedMEU Calibration Detector at CERN (UCL main responsibility) Understand detector response to p, e, m, p of 0.5 – 10 GeV (particle ID) Calibrate out Near/Far readout differences Debug detector subsystems Refine topology and pattern recognition software • Both ND and FD too big to be calibrated in test beam • CalDet is the same but smaller • T7 and T11 beamlines at CERN PS in 2001, 2002, 2003 60 planes (1m×1m) 12 ton 24 strips/plane, XY orientation in consecutive planes FarDet and/or NearDet readout T11 Calibration Detector Particle ID T7 Particle ID with TOF (up to ~ 4GeV) and threshold CO2 Cerenkov electron Calibration Detector electron electron pion pion Color scale = MIPs 2 GeV muon muon Strip # Plane # proto nProton Calibration Detector First Results MC expectation MINOS: Physics Reach nm nt 2.3 yr* Plots are for: Dm2 = 0.0025 eV2 sin22q = 1.0 3.7 yr* 5.0 yr* * Times according to 5 year proton intensity plan MINOS: Physics Reach nm ne Summary Excellent progress in detectors construction FarDet installed and commissioned NearDet planes assembled, will be installed Oct’04 First atmospheric n data in FarDet with B-field First results from Calibration Detector NuMI beam on Dec’04. Physics run starts Apr’05 Will measure sin22q23 , Dm223 to better 10% Significant discovery potential for nmne ~ ×3 improvement on Ue3 Could neutrinos be more “practical” ? Neutrinos against nuclear weapons? Sugawara, Hagura, Sanami hep-ph/0305062: “…futuristic but not necessarily impossible technology…” • 1000 TeV n beam (Super n-factory) • neutrons produced in hadron shower cause fission reaction “vaporizing” or “melting” the bomb Challenges: • accelerator circumference ~ 1000km, • with ~10 Tl magnets • ~ 100 B $ • 50 GW, > than total power of Great Britain hadron shower 239Pu tamper 238U explosive