Transcript European GHG emissions and the EU ETS Dr. Andreas Barkman Project manager GHG emissions and emission trading European Environment Agency.

European GHG emissions
and the EU ETS
Dr. Andreas Barkman
Project manager GHG emissions
and emission trading
European Environment Agency
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European Environment Agency
The European Environment Agency is the EU
body dedicated to providing sound, independent
information on the environment
www.eea.europa.eu
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EEA member and
collaborating countries
Member countries
Collaborating countries
EEA work on EU GHG emissions
• Compiles the EU GHG inventory and
reporting under UNFCCC and the Kyoto
Protocol
• Assesses progress towards Kyoto and
2020 targets
• Assesses efficiency of polices and
measures
• Analyse the application and effect of
the EU ETS and links to total GHG
emissions
• Provides GHG and EU ETS data in
useful formats – data centre
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EU-27 GHG trends 1990-2006
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EU-15 GHG trends 1990-2006
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EU-15 is capable of reaching
the Kyoto target……
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….but only through using: Kyoto mechanisms,
carbon sinks and the EU ETS
Current progress
2005 vs. base-year
0%
2006 projections
2007 projections
Existing measures
-0.6 %
Existing measures
-1.5 %
-10%
-12%
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Kyoto mechanisms -2.5 %
Total: -8.0 %
Additional measures,
carbon sinks and
Kyoto mechanisms
-5.5 %
Carbon sinks -0.9 %
-8%
Existing measures
-4.0 %
Additional measures -4 %
Kyoto mechanisms -2.5 %
-6%
Carbon sinks -0.9 %
-4%
Additional measures -4 %
-2.0 %
-2%
2007 projections
no overdelivery
Total: -11.4 %
Total: -7.0 %
The EU ETS - general
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Cap and trade scheme
Important instrument for EU to reach Kyoto
commitments and any 2020 commitment
Covers ca 40% of all GHG emission within
EU-27
More than 10500 installations
Pilot Phase 2005-2007
Kyoto phase 2008-2012
Post-2012 design and architecture under
negotiations between European Parliament
and European Council
Any international post-2012 agreement may
affect the EU ETS
EU ETS brief legal context
The linking
Directive
(2004)
Registry
Regulation
(2004/2007)
The EU ETS
Directive
(2003)
Monitoring and
reporting guidelines
(2004/2007)
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National allocation
guidance
MS
Kyoto
Protocol
IET
JI
CDM
EIT
countries
Linking
Directive
EU ETS
Developing
countries
JI
CDM
Installation
Installation
Company
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MS/AnnexB
EU ETS
Company
EU ETS results: CO2 emissions are
dominated by large emitters >500kt/year
No. of installations by size
large
8%
Emissions by installation size
zero
2%
medium
21%
mini small
1% 4%
medium
14%
mini
33%
small
36%
© EEA/ETC-ACC/Öko-Institut e.V.
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zero
0%
large
81%
© EEA/ETC-ACC/Öko-Institut e.V.
EU ETS results: 2005-2007
Absolute difference between allocation & verfied emissions
1 Combustion installations
30,000
2 Mineral oil refineries
3 Coke ovens
1000 EUA / kt CO2
25,000
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5
6
7
8
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99
20,000
15,000
10,000
Metal ore roasting or sintering installations
Production of pig iron or steel
Production of cement clinker or lime
Manufacture of glass including glass fibre
Manufacture of ceramic products by firing
Production of pulp, paper and board
Other activity opted-in
5,000
0
-5,000
-10,000
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2
3
© EEA/ETC-ACC/Öko-Institut e.V.
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ETS Sector
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EU ETS results: 2005-2007
Allocation & verified emissions per installations size
1,800,000
1,600,000
1000 EUA / kt CO2
1,400,000
1,200,000
large
medium
Allocation
Verified emissions
emitters over 500 kt CO2 emissions
emitters (50 to 500 kt CO2 emissions)
small
emitters (10 to 50 kt CO2 emissions)
mini
zero
emitters below 10 kt CO2 emissions
emitters with zero emissions
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
large
medium
© EEA/ETC-ACC/Öko-Institut e.V.
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small
mini
zero
EU GHG Target:
-20% compared to 1990
-14% compared to 2005
EU ETS
-21% compared
to 2005
Non ETS sectors
-10% compared to 2005
27 Member State targets, stretching from -20% to +20%
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EU ETS post-2012 proposal (under discussion)
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Cover all big industrial emitters: extension e.g. to
chemical sectors and aluminium
Extension to other GHG: nitrous oxide (fertilisers),
perfluorocarbons (aluminium)
Single EU-wide cap instead of 27 caps set by Member
States
More auctioning – especially for power generation
Linear decrease of the cap
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predictable trend-line to 2020 and beyond
can be adjusted to stricter target
Aviation to be included in line with political agreement
Non-compliance penalties (€100/ton CO2) to increase
by inflation rate to keep deterrent effect
Better harmonisation of Monitoring, Reporting and
Verification through stronger legal settings
Thank you for your attention!
[email protected]
See for more information the EEA web
site:
www.eea.europa.eu
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