The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) Presentation to the Experimental Program Advisory Committee at SLAC November 14, 2003 LSST Camera Project SLAC EPAC Meeting Nov.

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Transcript The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) Presentation to the Experimental Program Advisory Committee at SLAC November 14, 2003 LSST Camera Project SLAC EPAC Meeting Nov.

LSST Camera Project

The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST)

Presentation to the Experimental Program Advisory Committee at SLAC November 14, 2003 SLAC EPAC Meeting Nov. 14-15, 2003 1

The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope

The LSST will be a large, wide-field ground-based telescope designed to survey the entire visible sky every few nights.

This project concept has been strongly endorsed by three

separate National Academy committee reports: Astronomy and

Astrophysics in the New Millennium, New Frontiers in the Solar

System, and Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos.

LSST will enable a wide variety of complementary scientific investigations, utilizing a common database. These range from searches for small bodies in the solar system to precision astrometry of the outer regions of the galaxy to systematic monitoring for transient phenomena in the optical sky.

Of particular interest to HEP, LSST will constrain models of dark energy vs. cosmic time by measuring the dark matter power spectral density via weak lensing.

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SLAC Involvement in LSST

The Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC) has chosen to emphasize dark matter and dark energy as key focus areas for its experimental program at SLAC.

We believe it is essential to probe the standard cosmological model on multiple “fronts”, i.e. not only constraining parameters, but testing for internal consistency via disparate measurement techniques.

LSST is an excellent complement to SNAP. By participating in BOTH projects, we believe that SLAC will be ideally positioned to play a key role in the next wave of cosmological discovery.

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Outline of Presentations

Probing Dark Energy with LSST – A. Tyson

The Design and Development of the LSST Camera – W. Althouse

LSST Project Organization – S. Kahn LSST Camera Project SLAC EPAC Meeting Nov. 14-15, 2003 4

LSST probes of DE

1.

Number counts vs. redshift:

N(M,z) *Comoving Volume element

dV/dzd 

*Growth rate of density perturbations

 (z) Counts of mass clusters: 3-D tomography

2.

Shear Tomography

: <

g(

z

1

)

g(

z

2

)> 3. Sachs-Wolfe effect:

g(

z)>

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mass structure vs time

LSST Camera Project 3 billion lyr SLAC EPAC Meeting Nov. 14-15, 2003 7 billion lyr 7

Weak Gravitational Lensing

• •

Over 250,000 resolved hi-redshift galaxies per square degree Each is moved on the sky and distorted LSST Camera Project SLAC EPAC Meeting Nov. 14-15, 2003 8

Strong lensing

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Mass Cluster @ z = 0.5

Cluster Tomography

Source Redshift Distribution Distant Source Galaxies Foreground Source D lens D source Lens Strength z source Lens Strength z lens = 0.5

The blue galaxy is sheared more than the red galaxy.

The green galaxy is not sheared.

z source

Tomographic mass slices in z

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Observed mass: 2x2 degree field

z = .7

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DLS 1055-05

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mass – baryon correlation?

DLS mass map CXO .5-4 keV

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Mass Cluster Counting

The mass function is steep and exponentially sensitive to errors in

M

limit (z) and uncertainty in M(observables,z).

Measure mass function, determine

M

limit (z) from LSST cluster survey, devise a test that is insensitive to the limiting mass. LSST Camera Project SLAC EPAC Meeting Nov. 14-15, 2003 16

Cluster Counting

• Goal: Determine cosmological parameters by comparing the observed distribution of clusters to predictions from theory/N-body simulations • However cluster mass is not an observable. Instead we measure:  SZ decrement  X-rays (L X or T X )  Optical Richness  Galaxy  v  Shear g

No baryon bias

• To interpret the observations we must know 

M

( observables,z )  Completeness( observables,z )

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QCDM or LCDM?

Normalized Cluster Redshift Distribution QCDM LCDM

• Redshift distributions differ at a high statistical significance • Lensing kernel is broader for LCDM and probes a broader range of z and M than QCDM •

w precision 2%

• Unlike other cluster counting surveys, this test is ROBUST against uncertainties in mass limit.

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Cosmic shear vs redshift

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LSST shear tomography +

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Precision on DE P/

r

P/

r

= w

0 + w a

(1 a) a = (1+ z) -1

SUGRA L CDM

SNAP SN + Planck LSST WL + WMAP

SNAP WL + Planck

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LSST Weak Lensing survey

Low z WL LSST Camera Project SLAC EPAC Meeting Nov. 14-15, 2003 22

Weak Lensing with LSST Summary

• • • •

An incisive probe of new physics: 3-D tomography / Dark Energy Multiple probes break degeneracies Probes dark energy in multiple ways: w and dw/dz from shear-shear and cluster dN/dz.

m ,

x curves.

Comparison with CMB and with SN1a tests fundamental assumptions LSST Camera Project SLAC EPAC Meeting Nov. 14-15, 2003 23

Controlling Systematics

• • • • •

Need baryon unbiased estimates of cluster mass

shear survey

Minimize delivered PSF shear Chop shear signal multiple ways Large sample of mass clusters Explore mass function

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Figure of Merit

Volume surveyed (number of objects found) to some S/N at some magnitude limit, per unit time:

Science goals Apparatus & Eff.

N t

  2 obj

A Ω QE ε (S/N)

2  sky

(

 

)

site & optics A – aperture

e 

– camera FOV QE – det. Eff.

– observing eff.

F

sky – sky flux



– seeing footprint LSST Camera Project SLAC EPAC Meeting Nov. 14-15, 2003 25

Optical Throughput Required

LSST LSST Camera Project SLAC EPAC Meeting Nov. 14-15, 2003 26

Unexplained optical bursts

Deep Lens Survey

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Massively Parallel Astrophysics

LSST DATA PUBLIC

Simultaneously address:

– – – – – – – – – – – – –

Dark matter/dark energy via weak lensing Dark matter/dark energy via supernovae Galactic Structure encompassing local group Dense astrometry over 30000 sq.deg: rare moving objects Gamma Ray Bursts and transients to high redshift Gravitational micro-lensing Strong galaxy & cluster lensing: physics of dark matter Multi-image lensed SN time delays: separate test of cosmology Variable stars/galaxies: black hole accretion QSO time delays vs z: independent test of dark energy Optical bursters to 25 mag: the unknown 5-band 27 mag photometric survey: unprecedented volume Solar System Probes: Earth-crossing asteroids, Comets, TNOs LSST Camera Project SLAC EPAC Meeting Nov. 14-15, 2003 28

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LSST Optics

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Camera Configuration

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Camera Components

• • • • •

Focal plane array

– –

10 μm pixels

2.3 Gpixels

0.2 arcsecond/pixel (~ 1 / 3 55 cm diameter

3 ° FOV seeing-limited PSF)

– –

integrated front-end electronics 16 bits/pixel, 2 sec readout time

Parallel readout

2.3 GB/sec Housings (environmental control) Filters Optics Mechanisms

– – –

L2 position varies with wavelength (filter) Filters insertion mechanical shutter LSST Camera Project SLAC EPAC Meeting Nov. 14-15, 2003 33

Camera Challenges

• • • • • •

Detector requirements:

10 μm pixel size

– – –

Pixel full-well > 90,000 e – Low noise (< 5 e High QE 400 – rms), fast (< 2 sec) readout ( – 1000 nm

< –30 C)

All of above exist, but not simultaneously in one detector Focal plane position precision of order 3 μm Package large number of detectors, with integrated readout electronics, with high fill factor and serviceable design Large diameter filter coatings Constrained volume (camera in beam)

Makes shutter, filter exchange mechanisms challenging Constrained power dissipation to ambient

To limit thermal gradients in optical beam

Requires conductive cooling with low vibration LSST Camera Project SLAC EPAC Meeting Nov. 14-15, 2003 34

Camera Challenges (con’d)

• •

Key challenge: Detector technology Main choices: CCD, hybrid CMOS

CCDs:

• • • •

Monolithic Si array Routinely used for visible astronomical applications Have been made in high-resistivity, thick format (to achieve sensitivity at 1 μm wavelength) with 15 μm pixel density Slow readout: need ~10 μs per pixel to achieve noise level

Hybrid CMOS:

Hybrid array uses thin planar detector with pixelated back contact “bump bonded” to CMOS readout multiplexer

Routinely used for infrared astronomy (with different photo conversion material)

• • •

Avoids need for mechanical shutter Can integrate substantial electronics on-chip Low power (< 1/100 of CCD) & Fast readout LSST Camera Project SLAC EPAC Meeting Nov. 14-15, 2003 35

Camera Challenges (con’d)

Control of systematics

Lensing studies exploit subtle, systematic image distortions caused by dark matter

Time dependent or environmentally induced distortion in the measuring system (telescope + camera) could mask the lensing signature

May place unusual demands on camera development, particularly testing to ensure acceptable control/knowledge of end-to-end transfer function LSST Camera Project SLAC EPAC Meeting Nov. 14-15, 2003 36

LSST Management Plan

In March 2003, four organizations (U. of Washington, U. of Arizona, the

Research Corporation, and NOAO) formed the LSST Corporation (LSSTC), a non-profit 501C3 Arizona corporation.

The purpose of LSSTC is to pursue a shared vision for the nature of the LSST endeavor, and a commitment to advance the project through technical, scientific, and/or financial contributions. LSSTC plans to expand its institutional membership as the project progresses.

As presently envisioned, funding for the construction of the LSST will come from NSF, DOE, and private donors. Significant commitments of private funding are already in hand. A proposal to NSF for design & development phase funding will be submitted in December 2003.

While LSST is a distributed project, there is a single management plan. All participating organizations will be coordinated and accountable to the LSST Director and Project Manager, who are appointed by the LSSTC Board of Directors.

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DOE Participation in LSST

A collaboration of DOE-funded institutions has been formed to pursue participation in LSST. This collaboration has been working closely with other LSST participants under the coordination of the LSST Director and Project Manager.

The DOE “deliverable” will be the LSST camera system.

SLAC will lead the development of the camera, with significant contributions coming from BNL, LLNL, and DOE-funded university groups (e.g. Harvard, UIUC).

Scientists and engineers at these institutions will also participate in the data acquisition system, the development of pipeline software, and the scientific interpretation of the results.

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External Review Board

LSST Project Organization

LSST Corporation Board of Directors

John Schaefer, President

Research Corporation, University of Washington, National Optical Astronomical Observatory, University of Arizona

Executive Advisory Committee

Arthur Bienenstock

Science Assurance System Scientist

Christopher Stubbs

Data: Kem Cook Camera: Steve Kahn Tel/Site: Chuck Claver System Engineering Jacques Sebag LSST Director

Anthony Tyson

Project Manager Donald Sweeney Array Technology

Don Figer, Mike Lesser

Science Advisory Board

Zeljko Ivezic, Philip Pinto

Science Working Groups Project Support

Change Control Board

Risk Management

Project Controls

Performance Assurance

Administration SW Architecture

Jim Gray, Robert Lupton

Public Outreach Michael Shara, Doug Isbell Data Management

Kem Cook, Sci.

tbd , Mgr.

LSST Camera Project Camera Steve Kahn, Sci.

Bill Althouse, Mgr.

Telescope/Site

Charles Claver, Sci.

Larry Daggert, Mgr.

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LSST Camera Project Organization

• • •

Camera Project Support Project Controls & Risk Mgmt Performance & Safety Assur.

Administration Camera S. Kahn, Sci Lead W. Althouse, Proj Mgr System Engineering T. Thurston Lead Mech. Engr T. Decker, LLNL Lead Elect. Engr J. Oliver, Harvard Data Bus W. Althouse (act.) Focal Plane Assy M. May, BNL Optics J. Taylor, LLNL S. Olivier, LLNL Mechanisms L. Hale, LLNL Housing & Structure T. Thurston Camera I&T W. Craig Array, FE Elex V. Radeka, BNL Array Testing D. Figer, STScI M. Lesser, Steward Obs.

Opto-Mech Assy T. Decker, LLNL All SLAC unless otherwise noted LSST Camera Project SLAC EPAC Meeting Nov. 14-15, 2003 40

LSST Design Phase Schedule

OCT 04 OCT 05 OCT 06 OCT 07

Activity / Milestone

FY05 FY 06 FY 07 Optical Design Frozen Science Requirements Document Complete(SRD) Final Site Selection Functional Performance Requirements Doc (FPRD) Interface Requirement Documents Complete (IRD) Order Primary Mirror Glass D & D Funding Begins Conceptual Design Review Order Primary Mirror casting Submit Construction Proposal Mount Design RFQ Place Mount Design contract Dome Design RFQ Select Array Type Preliminary Design Review Construction Funding Approved Site Construcion Begins Order Focal Plane Arrays Place Dome Design / Fab contract

First light Dec. 2011 LSST Camera Project SLAC EPAC Meeting Nov. 14-15, 2003 41