  Disruption in the effective conduct of operations of an individual, system, organisation or nation. It may result into loss of infrastructure, resources and human lives.

Types of Disaster :

  Required to identify and implement some measures in order to reduce the occurrence or rather impact of disaster, as much as possible.

Identification of Critical Success Factors (CSFs)

 ◦

Preparedness :

◦ Before disaster hits.

T o avoid the gravest possible consequences of a disaster.

 ◦ ◦

Response

Immediate response sub-phase. Restore sub-phase.

 ◦ ◦

Recovery

Rehabilitation operations for a long-term perspective. Post-Disaster.



Mitigation

◦ To retain social and economic conditions.

◦ To reduce destruction level by implementing various laws and mechanisms.



Information and Technology Utilization

: Crucial as it directly impacts the speed of the response at the time of relief operations and enables better coordination between the actors.



Continuous improvement:

Process of benchmarking in which processes and performances of relief operations are evaluated and implemented by comparing it with the best practices from the previous relief operations.



Effective utilisation of resources:

disparate teams with a common goal.

It depends upon the collaborative working of 

Strategic Planning:

A long-term approach is adopted which allows an organisation to be prepared for what must be done when an emergency occurs (Long, 1997).



Distribution Strategy:

Time and cost are major constraints in emergency relief operations. For the same, it is quite important to adopt some of the standard distribution strategies, such as: Direct shipping, Cross-docking, and Centralized warehouse.



Minimisation of loss of human lives:

The objective of the disaster relief operation is always linked to how quickly and conveniently the resources reach the affected people (Roy et al., 2012).



Transport and capacity planning:

Transportation is not just about transferring material, it also involves other aspects such as: selecting transport mode, capacity scheduling, maintenance, and intermodality (Pettit, 2009).



Disaster Assessment:

Pre-warning system helps in providing the information regarding volume and intensity of disaster that could affect the human lives and infrastructure as well.



Risk Mitigation:

Three levels of risk management: Strategic organisational, systematic operational, and dynamic operational.

approach towards risk mitigation.

Organisations should adopt a formalised 

Prompt Response:

The challenges include physical destruction, which limits logistical pathways and constrained resources, which limit funding during the disaster.



Restoration:

Post-disaster recovery planning can be thought of as providing a blueprint for the restoration of a community after a disaster occurs. This can be done through long and short-term strategies.

Identification and Modeling

1.Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)

- Depicts hierarchical relationships between various variables identified and produces structural models from poorly articulated mental models so as to make it more visible and well- defined.

Steps:

◦ Development of Structural Self Interaction Matrix (SSIM).

◦ ◦ ◦ Constructing Initial Reachability Matrix Constructing Final Reachability Matrix.

Level Partitions.

◦ Creation of ISM based model (Diagraph).

2.MICMAC Analysis

T o classify and analyse the critical success factors on the basis of their driving and dependence power. Positioning of factors within four clusters of a graph.

Clusters:

◦ First cluster : Weak driver power and weak dependence (autonomous).

◦ ◦ ◦ Second cluster : Weak driver power but strong dependence (dependent).

Third cluster : Strong driving power and also strong dependence (linkage).

Fourth cluster : Strong driving power but weak dependence (independent).

Level partitions

I. Outcome of ISM

II. Outcome of MICMAC : Graphical representation



This research paper has considered only limited number of critical success factors. In real situation, there can be few other critical success factors that may impact the HSCM.



Also, the ISM model developed can be statistically validated using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) which has a capability to test the already developed hypothetical model.



The consistency among the expert opinions can also be validated using Kappa technique.

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